劍指CET-6：大學(xué)生英語(yǔ)能力進(jìn)階學(xué)習(xí)通超星期末考試答案章節(jié)答案2024年

劍指CET-6：大學(xué)生英語(yǔ)能力進(jìn)階學(xué)習(xí)通超星期末考試章節(jié)答案2024年Cet-6-1.19-Exercise01

Some50studiesshowthatcompaniesthatcommittosuchaspirationalgoalsaszerowaste,zeroharmfulemissions,andzerouseofnon-renewableresourcesarefinanciallyoutperformingtheircompetitors.Conversely,itwasfoundthatclimatedisruptionisalreadycosting$1.2trillionannually,cuttingglobalGDPby1.6%.Unaddressed,thiswilldoubleby2030.Whatisthefindingofthestudiesaboutcompaniescommittedtoenvironmentalgoals?

答案:TheydomuchbetterthantheircounterpartsintermsofrevenuesCet-6-1.12-Exercise01

H)WhattookplaceafterWorldWarIIwasnottherevivalofa1920seconomy,withitssmallfarmingunits,urbanmanufacturing,andpluralityoflaborers.Instead,the1950ssawthecreationofanewsuburbaneconomy,withapluralityofwhite-collarworkers.Withanexpandedtransportationandcommunicationsinfrastructure,businessesneededtelephoneoperators,shippingclerksandsimilaroccupations.Ifyoucouldread,followsimpleinstructions,andsettleintoaroutine,youcouldfindajobinthepost-wareconomy.

答案:Thecreationofasuburbaneconomyinthe1950screatedlotsofofficejobsCet-6-1.12-Exercise02

M)UsingthelatestCensusBureaudata,MatthewSlaughterfoundthatfrom2000to2010therealearningsofcollegegraduates(withnoadvanceddegree)fellbymoreinpercentagetermsthantheearningsofhighschoolgraduates.Infact,overthisperiodtheonlyeducationcategorytoshowanincreaseinearningswasthosewithadvanceddegrees.

答案:Inthefirstdecadeofthe21stcentury,onlypeoplewithpostgraduatedegreesexperiencedanincreaseinearningsCet-6-1.11-Exercise01

E)Butthemomentumofincandescentlightingdoesnotstopthere.Allofthosespecializedbulbsledtothebuildingofspecializedlightfixtures,fromthedesklampyoustudyby,totheuglybutbelovedhand-paintedChineselampyouinheritedfromyourgrandmother,totheceilingfixtureinyourcloset,tothelightinyourovenorrefrigerator,andtothelightthatthedentistpointsatyou.Itiseasytochangealightbulb,sure,butitishardertochangethebulbanditsfixture.

答案:ChangingalightbulbiseasierthanchangingthefixturehousingitCet-6-1.11-Exercise02

A)Politiciansarefondofpromisingrapidenergytransitions.Whetheritisatransitionfromimportedtodomesticoilorfromcoal-poweredelectricityproductiontonatural-gaspowerplants,politicianslovetotalkbig.Unfortunatelyforthem(andoftenthetaxpayers),ourenergysystemsareabitlikeanaircraftcarrier:theyareunbelievablyexpensive,theyarebuilttolastforaverylongtime,theyhaveahugeamountofinertia(meaningittakesalotofenergytosetthemmoving),andtheyhavealotofmomentumoncetheyaresetinmotion.Nomatterhowhardyoutry,youcan’tturnsomethingthatlargeonadime,orevenafewthousanddimes.

答案:Energysystems,likeanaircraftcarriersetinmotion,havehugemomentumCet-6-1.10-Exercise02

F)WhenWattslookedintothehistoryof“thegreatestpaintingofalltime”,hediscoveredthat,formostofitslife,the“MonaLisa”remainedinrelativeobscurity.Inthe1850s,LeonardodaVinciwasconsiderednomatchforgiantsofRenaissanceartlikeTitianandRaphael,whoseworkswereworthalmosttentimesasmuchasthe“MonaLisa”.Itwasonlyinthe20thcenturythatLeonardo’sportraitofhispatron’swiferocketedtothenumber-onespot.Whatpropelledittherewasn’tascholarlyre-evaluation,butatheft.

答案:AstudyofthehistoryofthegreatestpaintingssuggestsevenagreatworkofartcouldexperienceyearsofneglectCet-6-1.9-Exercise02

C)Thisinconsistencylargelystemsfromafeelingofpowerlessness.“Whenwecan’tactuallyremovethesourceofourfear,wetendtoadaptpsychologicallybyadoptingarangeofdefencemechanisms,”saysTomCrompton,changestrategistfortheenvironmentalorganisationWorldWideFundforNature.

答案:Whenpeoplefindtheyarepowerlesstochangeasituation,theytendtolivewithitCet-6-1.9-Exercise01

D)Partofthefaultlieswithourinnercaveman.Evolutionhasprogrammedhumanstopaymostattentiontoissuesthatwillhaveanimmediateimpact.“Weworrymostaboutnowbecauseifwedon’tsurviveforthenextminute,we’renotgoingtobearoundintenyears’time,”saysProfessorElkeWeberoftheCentreforResearchonEnvironmentalDecisionsatColumbiaUniversityinNewYork.IftheThameswerelappingaroundBigBen,Londonerswouldfaceuptotheproblemofemissionsprettyquickly.Butinpractice,ourbraindiscountstherisks–andbenefits–associatedwithissuesthatliesomewayahead.

答案:Intheirevolution,humanshavelearnedtopayattentiontothemosturgentissuesinsteadoflong-termconcernsCet-6-1.8-Exercise01

F)Notanylonger.Bythetimewewakeuptothethreatposedbyclimatechange,itcouldwellbetoolate.Andifwe’renotgoingtomakerationaldecisionsaboutthefuture,othersmayhavetohelpustodoso.

答案:WeshouldtakeourfutureintoconsiderationinmakingdecisionsconcerningclimatechangebeforeitistoolateCet-6-1.8-Exercise02

O)NickPerks,projectdirectorforClimateSolidarity,believesthissortofactivityiswherethefutureofenvironmentalactionlies.“Usingexistingcivilsocietystructuresornetworksisamoreeffectivewayofcreatingchange...andobviouslytradeunionsareoneofthebiggestcivilsocietynetworksintheUK,”hesays.The“LoveFood,HateWaste”campaignenteredintoacollaborationlastyearwithanothersuchnetwork–theWomen’sInstitute.LondonerRachelTaylorjoinedthecampaignwiththeaimofmakingnewfriends.Ayearon,themeetingshavemadelastingchangestowhatshethrowsawayinherkitchen.“It’salwaysmoreofanincentiveifyou’redoingitwithotherpeople,”shesays.“Itmotivatesyoumoreifyouknowthatyou’vegottoprovidefeedbacktoagroup.”

答案:Existingsocialnetworkscanbemoreeffectiveincreatingchangeinpeople’sbehaviourCet-6-1.7-Exercise02

K)CommonGround’slargeresidencesinNewYorkofferinsightintothepossibilitiesforchangewhenhomelesspeoplehavearicharrayofsupports.Inadditiontomoretraditionalsocialservices,residentsalsomakeuseofcommunalgardens,classesinthingslikecooking,yoga,theatreandphotography,andjobplacement.Lastyear,188formerlyhomelesstenantsinfourofCommonGround’sresidences,foundjobs.

答案:ManyformerlyhomelesstenantsinNewYork’sCommonGround’sresidencesgothiredCet-6-1.7-Exercise01

J)Forsomepeople,thebestsolutionistoliveinacommunalresidence,withspecialservices.Thisisn’tavailableeverywhere,however.InBoston,forexample,homelesspeopletendtobescatteredinapartmentsthroughoutthecity.

答案:SomepeoplethinkthebestwaytohelpthehomelessistoprovidethemwithcommunalhousingCet-6-1.6-Exercise01

Withinformationnolongercontrolledbytravelagentsorhiddeninbusinessnetworks,thetravelindustrywasrevolutionized,asgreatertransparencyhelped______prices.

答案:slashCet-6-1.5-Exercise01

Piagetsaid:“Trueadaptationtosocietycomes______whentheadolescentreformerattemptstoputhisideastowork.”

答案:automaticallyCet-6-1.5-Exercise02

Businessesthatattracttopratingscanenjoyrapidgrowth,asnewcustomersareattractedbygoodreviewsand______provideyetmorepositivefeedback.Sogreatistheinfluenceofonlineratingsthatmanycompaniesnowhiredigitalreputationmanagerstoensureafavorableonlineidentity.

答案:subsequentlyCet-6-1.4-Exercise01

Thecombinationofcomputationalpowerandengineeringadvanceswilleventuallyenablelower-costin-homecareforthedisabled,______useofdriverlesscarsthatmayreducedrunk-anddistracted-drivingaccidents,andcountlesshomeandservice-industryusesforrobots,fromstreetcleaningtofoodpreparation.

答案:widespreadCet-6-1.4-Exercise02

Fearcanbeaneffectivewaytochangebehavior.Onestudycomparedtheeffectsofhigh-fearandlow-fearappealsonchangesinattitudesandbehaviorsrelatedtodentalhygiene.Onegroupofsubjectswasshownawfulpicturesof_____teethanddiseasedgums;anothergroupwasshownlessfrighteningmaterialssuchasplasticteeth,charts,andgraphs.Subjectswhosawthefrighteningmaterialsreportedmoreanxietyandagreaterdesiretochangethewaytheytookcareoftheirteeththanthelow-feargroupdid.

答案:decayedCet-6-1.3-Exercise02

Thatis,thesubjects______tohigh-fearwarningsbrushedtheirteethmorecarefullythandidthosewhosawlow-fearwarnings.

答案:exposedCet-6-1.3-Exercise01

Agenerationago,femalefaceswererareand,eventoday,visitorswalkingthroughthefirstfloorofLeConteHallwillseeafullcorridorofexhibits_____themanydistinguishedphysicistswhomadehistoryhere,virtuallyallofthemwhitemales.

答案:honoringCet-6-1.2-Exercise02

Let’ssayyouloveroller-skating.Justthethoughtofstrappingonyourroller-skatesbringsasmiletoyourface.Youalsoknowthatroller-skatingisexcellentexercise.Youhavea______attitudetowardit.

答案:positiveCet-6-1.1-Exercise02

Forthosewhobelievethattechnologicalprogresshasmadetheworldabetterplace,suchdisruptionisanaturalpartofrising______.Althoughinnovationkillssomejobs,itcreatesnewandbetterones,asamoreproductivesocietybecomesricheranditswealthierinhabitantsdemandmoregoodsandservices.

答案:prosperityCet-6-1.1-Exercise01

Ascareersandvocationsbecomelessavailableduringtimesof______,adolescentsmaybeespeciallyhardhit.Suchdifficulteconomictimesmayleavemanyadolescentsconfusedabouttheirrolesinsociety.

答案:recessionCet-6-1.20-Exercise02

“Thegrimeconomyseemstomaketheparticipantskeenerthanevertothink‘outofthebox’inthewaypoetryencourages,”hetoldme.I’mnotsuggestingthatpoetrywillguideourlegislatorstowisdomanymorethanprayerhas.Justthatitmightmakethemalittlemorehuman.Poetryisnosubstituteforcourageorcompetence,butproperlyapplied,itisachallengetoself-certainty,whichwecurrentlyhaveinexcess.Poetryservesasaspurtocreativethinking,areproachtodogmaandhabit,aremedytothecurrentfashionforpledgesigning.WhatwastheimpactofthepoetrysessionontheprogramparticipantsaccordingtoProfessorFilreis?

答案:ItinspiredthemtoviewthingsfrombroaderperspectivesCet-6-1.20-Exercise01

Onehundredyearsago,“Colored”wasthetypicalwayofreferringtoAmericansofAfricandescent.Twentyyearslater,itwaspurposefullydroppedtomakewayfor“Negro.”Bythelate1960s,thattermwasovertakenby“Black.”Andthen,atapressconferenceinChicagoin1988,JesseJacksondeclaredthat“AfricanAmerican”wasthetermtoembrace.Thisonewaschosenbecauseitechoedthelabelsofgroups,suchas“ItalianAmericans”and“IrishAmericans,”thathadalreadybeenfreedofwidespreaddiscrimination.WhydidJesseJacksonembracetheterm“AfricanAmerican”forpeopleofAfricandescent?

答案:ItisfreefromracialbiasesCet-6-1.19-Exercise02

Acrosstheboard,Americancollegesanduniversitiesarenotdoingaverygoodjobofpreparingtheirstudentsfortheworkplaceortheirpost-graduationlives.Thiswasmadeclearbytheworkoftwosociologists,RichardArumandJosipaRoksa.In2011theyreleasedalandmarkstudytitled“AcademicallyAdrift,”whichdocumentedthelackofintellectualgrowthexperiencedbymanypeopleenrolledincollege.Inparticular,ArumandRoksafound,collegestudentswerenotdevelopingthecriticalthinking,analyticreasoningandotherhigher-levelskillsthatarenecessarytothriveintoday’sknowledge-basedeconomyandtoleadournationinatimeofcomplexchallengesanddynamicchange.WhatisArumandRoksa’sfindingabouthighereducationinAmerica?

答案:ItfailstopreparestudentstofacethechallengesofmoderntimesCet-6-1.18-Exercise02

Itmightbetempting,therefore,tothinkthattheoldbarriershavebeenbrokendownandequalopportunityachieved.But,increasingly,thisapparentdiversityisbecomingamaskforanewtypeofconformity.Behindthedifferencesinsex,skintonesandmothertongues,therearecommonattitudes,expectationsandambitionswhichriskcreatingasetofclonesamongthebusinessleadersofthefuture.Whatistheauthor’sconcernaboutcurrentbusinessschooleducation?

答案:ItwillproducebusinessleadersofauniformstyleCet-6-1.18-Exercise01

Howdowefixthisproblem?Itstartswithreformingthephysicianreimbursementsystem.Removethepressureforprimarycarephysicianstosqueezeinmorepatientsperhour,andrewardthemforoptimallymanagingtheirdiseasesandpracticingevidence-basedmedicine.Makeprimarycaremoreattractivetomedicalstudentsbyforgivingstudentloansforthosewhochooseprimarycareasacareerandreconcilingthemarkeddifferencebetweenspecialistandprimarycarephysiciansalaries.Whatsuggestiondoestheauthorgiveinordertoprovidebetterhealthcare?

答案:BridgethesalarygapbetweenspecialistsandprimarycarephysiciansCet-6-1.17-Exercise02

Economicinequalityisthe“definingchallengeofourtime,”PresidentBarackObamadeclaredinaspeechlastmonthtotheCenterforAmericanProgress.Inequalityisdangerous,heargued,notmerelybecauseitdoesn’tlookgoodtohavealargegapbetweentherichandthepoor,butbecauseinequalityitselfdestroysupwardmobility,makingitharderforthepoortoescapefrompoverty.“IncreasedinequalityanddecreasingmobilityposeafundamentalthreattotheAmericanDream,”hesaid.HowdoesObamavieweconomicinequality?

答案:ItisthebiggestobstacletosocialmobilityCet-6-1.17-Exercise01

Yettherearedoubtswhetherpeoplewatchingtelevision,a“l(fā)eanback”medium,craveinteraction.Click-throughrateshavebeenhighsofar(around3–4%,comparedwithlessthan0.3%online),butthatmaybearesultofthenovelty.Interactiveadsandviewersmightnotgowelltogether.Howdoestheauthorviewthehithertohighclick-throughrates?

答案:TheymaybeduetothenovelwayofadvertisingCet-6-1.16-Exercise02

ConsiderPaulKrugmanwritingbreathlesslyintheNewYorkTimesaboutthe“risingincidenceofextremeevents,”HeclaimsthatglobalwarmingcausedthecurrentdroughtinAmerica’sMidwest,andthatsupposedlyrecord-highcornpricescouldcauseaglobalfoodcrisis.ButtheUnitedNationsclimatepanel’slatestassessmenttellsuspreciselytheopposite.For“NorthAmericathereismediumconfidencethattherehasanoverallslighttendencytowardlessdryness”.Moreover,thereisnowaythatKrugmancouldhaveidentifiedthisdroughtasbeingcausedbyglobalwarmingwithoutatimemachine;climatemodelsestimatethatsuchdetectionwillbepossibleby2048,attheearliest.Whatistheauthor’scommentonKrugman’sclaimaboutthecurrentdroughtinAmerica’sMidwest?

答案:ThereisnowaytoproveitsvalidityCet-6-1.16-Exercise01

Thistypeoflearningisnotconfinedtomuseumsorinstitutionalsettings.Informallearningenvironmentstoleratefailurebetterthanschools.Perhapsmanyteachershavetoolittletimetoallowstudentstoformandpursuetheirownquestionsandtoomuchgroundtocoverinthecurriculum.Butpeoplemustacquirethisskillsomewhere.Oursocietydependsonthembeingabletomakecriticaldecisionsabouttheirownmedicaltreatment,say,orwhatwemustdoaboutglobalenergyneedsanddemands.Forthat,wehavearobustinformallearningsystemthatgivesnogrades,takesallcomers,andisavailableevenonholidaysandweekends.Whatdoestheauthorseemtoencourageeducatorstodoattheendofthepassage?

答案:MakefulluseofinformallearningresourcesCet-6-1.15-Exercise02

“Aboutonceaweek,IhaveaclientthatwillbringupanewcertificationI’veneverevenheardofandI’minthisindustry,”saidKevinWilhelm,chiefexecutiveofficerofSustainableBusinessConsulting.“It’skindofaWildWest,anybodycanclaimthemselvestobegreen.”Mr.Wilhelmsaidtheexcessoflabelsmadeitdifficultforbusinessesandconsumerstoknowwhichlabelstheyshouldpayattentionto.WhatdoesKevinWilhelmimplybysaying“It’skindofaWildWest”?

答案:EachbusinessactsitsownwayingreenlabelingCet-6-1.15-Exercise01

WhydoestheU.S.needtolearnalittlefrugality?Becausehealthysavingsratesareoneofthesurestindicatorsofacountry’slong-termfinancialhealth.Highsavingslead,overtime,toincreasedinvestment,whichinturngeneratesproductivitygains,innovationandjobgrowth.Inshort,savingsaretheseedcornofagoodeconomicharvest.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“savingsaretheseedcornofagoodeconomicharvest”?

答案:AhealthysavingsratepromoteseconomicprosperityCet-6-1.14-Exercise02

Theremaybesomethinginbotharguments,butinmostrichcountriessexismisnolongerthemainobstacletowomen’scareers.Childrenare.Mostwomentakecareerbreakstolookafterthem.Manycareforelderlyrelatives,too.Onestudyfoundthattwo-thirdsofAmericanwomenhadatsomepointswitchedfromfull-timeworktopart-timeorflexibletimetobalanceworkandfamily.Suchchoicesmakeitharderforwomentogaintheexperiencenecessarytomakeittotheverytop.Whatdoestheauthorsayistherealbarriertowomen’scareers?

答案:TheburdenoftakingcareoftheirfamilyCet-6-1.14-Exercise01

Theexistingpovertylinecouldbeimprovedbyaddingsomeincomesourcesandsubtractingsomeexpenses.Unfortunately,theadministration’sproposalfora“supplementalpovertymeasure”in2011goesbeyondthat.Thenewpovertynumberwouldcompoundpublicconfusion.Italsoraisesquestionsaboutwhetherthestatisticistailoredtofavorapoliticalagenda.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftheadministration’sproposalfora“supplementalpovertymeasure”?

答案:ItismadetoservepoliticalpurposesCet-6-1.13-Exercise02

C)Iwanttosuggestathirdinterpretation.Withoutrulingoutaroleforaggregatedemandorfortheregulatoryenvironment,Iwishtosuggestthatstructuralchangeisanimportantfactorinthecurrentrateofhighunemployment.Theeconomyisinastateoftransition,inwhichthemiddle-classjobsthatemergedafterWorldWarIIhavebeguntodecline.AsErikBrynjolfssonandAndrewMcAfeeputitinarecente-bookRaceAgainsttheMachine:“Therootofourproblemsisnotthatwe’reinagreatrecession,oragreatstagnation,butratherthatweareintheearlythroesofagreatrestructuring.”

答案:Theauthorsuggeststhattherecenthighunemploymentrateismainlycausedbyadecreaseofmiddle-classjobsCet-6-1.13-Exercise01

G)Thesecondlineofresearchoftenusedtojustifysingle-sexeducationfallssquarelywithinmyareaofexpertise:brainandcognitivedevelopment.It’sbeenmorethanadecadenowsincethe“brainsexmovement”beganinfiltratingourschools,andthereareliterallyhundredsofschoolscaughtupinthefad.PublicschoolsinWisconsin,Indiana,Floridaandmanyotherstatesnowproudlydeclareontheirwebsitesthattheyseparateboysandgirlsbecause“researchsolidlyindicatesthatboysandgirlslearndifferently,”dueto“hard-wired”differencesintheirbrains,eyes,ears,autonomicnervoussystems,andmore.

答案:HundredsofschoolsseparateboysfromgirlsinclassontheallegedbrainandcognitivedifferencesCet-6-1.10-Exercise01

O)It’simportanttobearinmindthatwhenweofferastructuralinterpretationofunemployment,a“l(fā)ossofjobs”meansanincreaseinproductivity.Traditionally,economistshavearguedthatproductivityincreasesareagoodthing,eventhoughtheymaycauseunemploymentforsomeworkersintheshortrun.Inthelongrun,theeconomydoesnotrunoutofjobs.Rather,newjobsemergeasoldjobsdisappear.Thestorywetellisthataveragewell-beingrises,andthemorepeopleareabletoadapt,themorewidespreadtheimprovementbecomes.

答案:IncreasesinproductivityprovebeneficialthoughsomepeoplemaylosetheirjobstemporarilyCet-6-1.6-Exercise02Innovation,theelixirofprogress,hasalwayscostpeopletheirjobs.IntheIndustrialRevolutionhandweaverswere______asidebythemechanicalloom.Overthepast30yearsthedigitalrevolutionhasdisplacedmanyofthemid-skilljobsthatsupported20th-centurymiddle-classlife.Typists,ticketagents,banktellersandmanyproduction-linejobshavebeendispensedwith,justastheweaverswere.

答案:sweptCet-6-1.2-Exercise01Youneedtohavespecialistteacherswho______whattheyknow.Thusoncetheyenterschool,childrenbegintodefinesubjectsanderectboundariesthatneedn’totherwiseexist.

答案:impartCet-6-1.1-Exercise01

Ascareersandvocationsbecomelessavailableduringtimesof______,adolescentsmaybeespeciallyhardhit.Suchdifficulteconomictimesmayleavemanyadolescentsconfusedabouttheirrolesinsociety.

答案:recessionCet-6-1.3-Exercise02

Thatis,thesubjects______tohigh-fearwarningsbrushedtheirteethmorecarefullythandidthosewhosawlow-fearwarnings.

答案:exposedCet-6-1.20-Exercise01

Onehundredyearsago,“Colored”wasthetypicalwayofreferringtoAmericansofAfricandescent.Twentyyearslater,itwaspurposefullydroppedtomakewayfor“Negro.”Bythelate1960s,thattermwasovertakenby“Black.”Andthen,atapressconferenceinChicagoin1988,JesseJacksondeclaredthat“AfricanAmerican”wasthetermtoembrace.Thisonewaschosenbecauseitechoedthelabelsofgroups,suchas“ItalianAmericans”and“IrishAmericans,”thathadalreadybeenfreedofwidespreaddiscrimination.WhydidJesseJacksonembracetheterm“AfricanAmerican”forpeopleofAfricandescent?

答案:ItisfreefromracialbiasesCet-6-1.12-Exercise02

M)UsingthelatestCensusBureaudata,MatthewSlaughterfoundthatfrom2000to2010therealearningsofcollegegraduates(withnoadvanceddegree)fellbymoreinpercentagetermsthantheearningsofhighschoolgraduates.Infact,overthisperiodtheonlyeducationcategorytoshowanincreaseinearningswasthosewithadvanceddegrees.

答案:Inthefirstdecadeofthe21stcentury,onlypeoplewithpostgraduatedegreesexperiencedanincreaseinearningsCet-6-1.19-Exercise02

Acrosstheboard,Americancollegesanduniversitiesarenotdoingaverygoodjobofpreparingtheirstudentsfortheworkplaceortheirpost-graduationlives.Thiswasmadeclearbytheworkoftwosociologists,RichardArumandJosipaRoksa.In2011theyreleasedalandmarkstudytitled“AcademicallyAdrift,”whichdocumentedthelackofintellectualgrowthexperiencedbymanypeopleenrolledincollege.Inparticular,ArumandRoksafound,collegestudentswerenotdevelopingthecriticalthinking,analyticreasoningandotherhigher-levelskillsthatarenecessarytothriveintoday’sknowledge-basedeconomyandtoleadournationinatimeofcomplexchallengesanddynamicchange.WhatisArumandRoksa’sfindingabouthighereducationinAmerica?

答案:ItfailstopreparestudentstofacethechallengesofmoderntimesCet-6-1.4-Exercise02

Fearcanbeaneffectivewaytochangebehavior.Onestudycomparedtheeffectsofhigh-fearandlow-fearappealsonchangesinattitudesandbehaviorsrelatedtodentalhygiene.Onegroupofsubjectswasshownawfulpicturesof_____teethanddiseasedgums;anothergroupwasshownlessfrighteningmaterialssuchasplasticteeth,charts,andgraphs.Subjectswhosawthefrighteningmaterialsreportedmoreanxietyandagreaterdesiretochangethewaytheytookcareoftheirteeththanthelow-feargroupdid.

答案:decayedCet-6-1.9-Exercise01

D)Partofthefaultlieswithourinnercaveman.Evolutionhasprogrammedhumanstopaymostattentiontoissuesthatwillhaveanimmediateimpact.“Weworrymostaboutnowbecauseifwedon’tsurviveforthenextminute,we’renotgoingtobearoundintenyears’time,”saysProfessorElkeWeberoftheCentreforResearchonEnvironmentalDecisionsatColumbiaUniversityinNewYork.IftheThameswerelappingaroundBigBen,Londonerswouldfaceuptotheproblemofemissionsprettyquickly.Butinpractice,ourbraindiscountstherisks–andbenefits–associatedwithissuesthatliesomewayahead.

答案:Intheirevolution,humanshavelearnedtopayattentiontothemosturgentissuesinsteadoflong-termconcernsCet-6-1.14-Exercise02

Theremaybesomethinginbotharguments,butinmostrichcountriessexismisnolongerthemainobstacletowomen’scareers.Childrenare.Mostwomentakecareerbreakstolookafterthem.Manycareforelderlyrelatives,too.Onestudyfoundthattwo-thirdsofAmericanwomenhadatsomepointswitchedfromfull-timeworktopart-timeorflexibletimetobalanceworkandfamily.Suchchoicesmakeitharderforwomentogaintheexperiencenecessarytomakeittotheverytop.Whatdoestheauthorsayistherealbarriertowomen’scareers?

答案:TheburdenoftakingcareoftheirfamilyCet-6-1.14-Exercise01

Theexistingpovertylinecouldbeimprovedbyaddingsomeincomesourcesandsubtractingsomeexpenses.Unfortunately,theadministration’sproposalfora“supplementalpovertymeasure”in2011goesbeyondthat.Thenewpovertynumberwouldcompoundpublicconfusion.Italsoraisesquestionsaboutwhetherthestatisticistailoredtofavorapoliticalagenda.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftheadministration’sproposalfora“supplementalpovertymeasure”?

答案:ItismadetoservepoliticalpurposesCet-6-1.7-Exercise02

K)CommonGround’slargeresidencesinNewYorkofferinsightintothepossibilitiesforchangewhenhomelesspeoplehavearicharrayofsupports.Inadditiontomoretraditionalsocialservices,residentsalsomakeuseofcommunalgardens,classesinthingslikecooking,yoga,theatreandphotography,andjobplacement.Lastyear,188formerlyhomelesstenantsinfourofCommonGround’sresidences,foundjobs.

答案:ManyformerlyhomelesstenantsinNewYork’sCommonGround’sresidencesgothiredCet-6-1.8-Exercise02

O)NickPerks,projectdirectorforClimateSolidarity,believesthissortofactivityiswherethefutureofenvironmentalactionlies.“Usingexistingcivilsocietystructuresornetworksisamoreeffectivewayofcreatingchange...andobviouslytradeunionsareoneofthebiggestcivilsocietynetworksintheUK,”hesays.The“LoveFood,HateWaste”campaignenteredintoacollaborationlastyearwithanothersuchnetwork–theWomen’sInstitute.LondonerRachelTaylorjoinedthecampaignwiththeaimofmakingnewfriends.Ayearon,themeetingsha