車輛工程-汽車專業(yè)英語課件-汽車基礎知識部分-Chapter-3-Power-Train-3.1-3.4

復習翻譯句子

英文專業(yè)詞匯發(fā)動機分類，發(fā)動機零件/系統(tǒng);汽車分類，汽車組成___學習內(nèi)容本次課學習內(nèi)容、目標和重點難點學習目標難點重點Clutch，ManuelTransmissionPropellerShaftsandUniversalJoints3.FinalDrive,DifferentialandAxleShaft

1.掌握手動變速汽車傳動系統(tǒng)主要組成、各部件主要零件的英文名稱2.提高翻譯技巧，能較熟練翻譯課文1.重點是英文專業(yè)術(shù)語記憶2.難點是生詞偏多flywheel['flaiwi:l]n.飛輪spring[spri?]n.彈簧operate['?p?reit]vt.操作，控制，使運行mechanism['mek?niz?m]n.（機械）結(jié)構(gòu)，機械裝置transmission[tr?nz'mi∫?n]n.變速器torque[t?:k]n.扭轉(zhuǎn)力；轉(zhuǎn)矩pressureplate壓盤Chapter3PowerTrain

3.1Clutches3.1.1

NewWordsandPhrasesclutchdisc離合器從動盤pressureplate壓盤frictionmechanism摩擦機構(gòu)drivetrain傳動系clutchpedal離合器踏板drivenmember從動件drivingmember主動件solidcoupling剛性連接Chapter3PowerTrain

3.1ClutchesTheclutchwhichincludestheflywheel,clutchdisc,pressureplate,springs,pressureplatecoverandthelinkagenecessarytooperatetheclutchisarotatingmechanismbetweentheengineandthetransmission.Itoperatesthroughfrictionwhichcomesfromcontactbetweentheparts.Thatisthereasonwhytheclutchiscalledafrictionmechanism.Afterengagement,theclutchmustcontinuetotransmitalltheenginetorquetothetransmissiondependingonthefrictionwithoutslippage.Theclutchisalsousedtodisengagetheenginefromthedrivetrainwheneverthegearsinthetransmissionarebeingshiftedfromonegearratiotoanother.Chapter3PowerTrain

3.1Clutches3.1.2

TextTostarttheengineorshiftthegears,thedriverhastodepresstheclutchpedalwiththepurposeofdisengagementthetransmissionfromtheengine.Atthattime,thedrivenmembersconnectedtothetransmissioninputshaftareeitherstationaryorrotatingataspeedthatisslowerorfasterthanthedrivingmembersconnectedtotheenginecrankshaft.Thereisnospringpressureontheclutchassemblyparts.Sothereisnofrictionbetweenthedrivingmembersanddrivenmembers.Asthedriverletsloosetheclutchpedal,springpressureincreasesontheclutchparts.Frictionbetweenthepartsalsoincreases.Chapter3PowerTrain

3.1ClutchesThepressureexertedbythespringsonthedrivenmembersiscontrolledbythedriverthroughtheclutchpedalandlinkage.Thepositiveengagementofthedrivinganddrivenmembersismadepossiblebythefrictionbetweenthesurfacesofthemembers.Whenfullspringpressureisapplied,thespeedofthedrivinganddrivenmembersshouldbethesame.Atthemoment,theclutchmustactasasolidcouplingdeviceandtransmitallenginepowertothetransmission,withoutslipping.Chapter3PowerTrain

3.1ClutchesFig.3-1Structureofaclutchad.照字面意義,逐字地，確確實實地['lit?r?li]literallyv.碰撞，猛撞[sm?∫]smashv.(使)發(fā)出撞擊聲,猛撞,沖突[kl?∫]clashn.墊圈,洗衣機,洗碗機，洗滌器['w?∫?]washern.直齒[sp?:]spurv.錘鍛,落錘鍛造['dr?p'f?:d]drop-forgen.變速驅(qū)動橋[?tr?ns'?ksl]transaxlevi.（機器零件）嚙合[me∫]meshn.[機]軸承，支座['b??ri?]bearingadv.近似地，大約；許[?'pr?ksim?tli]approximatelyadj.手的；手制的，手工的；['m?nju?l]manualChapter3PowerTrain

3.2ManuelTransmission3.1.1

NewWordsandPhrasesreductiongear減速齒輪manualtransmission手動變速器gearratio傳動比directdrivegear直接擋齒輪overdrivegear超速擋齒輪reversegear倒擋齒輪five-speedtransmission5擋變速器Chapter3PowerTrain

3.2ManuelTransmissionshiftingmechanism換擋機構(gòu)transmissioncase變速器殼clutchhousing離合器殼speedometergear車速表helicalgear斜齒輪spurgear直齒輪，正齒輪gearendplay齒輪軸向間隙Chapter3PowerTrain

3.2ManuelTransmissionthrustwasher推力墊圈[片]gearshaft齒輪軸gearteeth齒輪輪齒slidinggear滑移齒輪clustergear齒輪組，塔齒輪manualtransaxle手動變速驅(qū)動橋synchronizedgear同步器Chapter3PowerTrain

3.2ManuelTransmissiondriveshaft傳動軸torsionaldamper扭轉(zhuǎn)減振器ringgear齒圈differentialpinionshaft差速器行星齒輪軸ringgearpinionshaft主減速器主動錐齒輪軸sidegear半軸齒輪frictionlimited-slipdifferential摩擦式限滑差速器Chapter3PowerTrain

3.2ManuelTransmissionThemodernmanualtransmissioncanprovidethedriverwithuptosixforwardgearratios.Thereductiongearsprovidegearratiosofapproximately3.5:1(statedas3.5to1)forthelowestgear,toabout1.5:1forthehighest.Thedirectdrivegearhasa1:1gearratio.Theoverdrivegearshaveagearratioofabout0.7:1.Byselectingoneoftheratios,itispossibletooperatethevehicleunderallnormalconditions.Inaddition,torqueismultipliedmorethroughthedifferentialgears.Ratiosvaryfromvehicletovehicle,dependingonenginehorsepowerandvehicleweight.Areversegearisalsoused.Thereverseratioisusuallyabout3:1.Thefive-speedtransmissionhasanoverdriveratio.Theoverdriveratioisincorporatedintonewertransmissionstoincreasefuelmileageandloweremissions.Chapter3PowerTrain

3.2ManuelTransmission1.TransmissionGearRatios3.2.1TextAtypicaltransmissionconsistsofacase,fourshafts,bearings,gears,synchronizers,andashiftingmechanism.1）TransmissionCaseThetransmissioncaseholdsthetransmissiongears,shafts,bearings,andwashers.Itboltstotherearoftheengine,ortotheclutchhousing.Manytransmissioncasesandclutchhousingsareone-pieceunits.Mosttransmissioncasesaremadeofcastironoraluminumandhaveaseparateextensionhousing,whichsupportstheoutputshaft.Thishousingmayalsocontainthespeedometergear.Therearenginemountisusuallyattachedtotheextensionhousing.Chapter3PowerTrain

3.2ManuelTransmission2.TransmissionConstruction2）TransmissionGearTransmissiongearsaremadeofhighqualitysteel,carefullyheat-treatedtoproducesmooth,hardsurfacegearteethwithasofter,butverytoughinterior.Theyaredrop-forged(machinehammeredintoshape)whileredhot.Theteethandothercriticalareasarecutonprecisionmachinery.Theteethontransmissiongearsarecutintospurandhelicalpatterns.Thehelicalgearissuperiorinthatitrunsmorequietlyandisstrongerbecausemoretoothareaisincontact.Helicalgearsmustbemountedfirmly,sincethereisatendencyforthemtoslideapartduetothespiralshape.Gearendplayintheclustergearandsomeothergearsandshaftsiscontrolledbytheuseofbronzeandsteelthrustwashers.Thesewashersareinstalledontheendofthegearshaftsbetweenthemovinggearsandthestationarytransmissioncase.Chapter3PowerTrain

3.2ManuelTransmissionTheremustbesomeclearancebetweenthegearteethtoallowforlubrication,expansionandpossiblesizeirregularity.Thisclearanceisverysmall(afewthousandthsofaninch).3）SynchronizingMechanismOncethevehicleisinmotion,thedrivelinewillturntheoutputshaftcontinuously.Asaresult,theslidinggearswillalsobeturning.Whenanattemptismadetomeshthemwithanyoftheclustergears(whichtendtostopwhentheclutchisdepressed),thegearteethwillbesubjectedtodamagingimpactforces.Thesoundofgearclashwhenshiftingresultsfromtheslidinggearteethliterallysmashingagainsttheclustergear.Chapter3PowerTrain

3.2ManuelTransmissionItisobviousthatforonegeartomeshwithanotherquietlyandwithoutdamage,bothgearsmustberotatingatnearlythesamespeed.Modernmanualtransmissionsandtransaxleshavesynchronizedgears,withspecialinternalclutchestopreventgearclashwhenshifting.Thepurposeofthesynchronizeristomoveaheadoftheunitthatistobemeshed,seizetheotherunit,andbringtherotationalspeedofbothunitstogether.Oncebothunitsarerotatingatthesamespeed,theymaybemeshed.Chapter3PowerTrain

3.2ManuelTransmissionFig.3-2Manueltransmission3.ManualTransaxleManualtransaxle(Fig.3-3toFig.3-6)isusedonfrontwheeldrivevehicle.Itcombinesthegearbox,finaldrive,differentialandaxlehousingintoasingleunit.

仔細研究下面幾張圖，弄清手動變速驅(qū)動橋的結(jié)構(gòu)：變速驅(qū)動橋殼-變速器殼-后蓋換檔元件、傳動組件/總成輸入軸組件輸出軸組件Chapter3PowerTrain

3.2ManuelTransmission

Fig.3-3Manualtransaxlecomponents變速驅(qū)動橋殼變速器殼后蓋Fig.3-4Inputshaft,outputshaftandshiftmechnismcomponents換檔元件傳動組件/總成Fig.3-5Inputshaftassembly輸入軸組件Fig.3-6Outputshaftassembly輸出軸組件齒圈ringgear扭轉(zhuǎn)減振器torsionaldamper傳動軸driveshaftn.耳軸['tr?ni?n]trunniona.扭力的,扭轉(zhuǎn)的['t?:∫?n?l]torsionaln.石墨['gr?fait]graphiteChapter3PowerTrain

3.3PropellerShaftsandUniversalJoints3.3.1

NewWordsandPhrasescrossandrolleruniversaljoint十字軸式萬向節(jié)cardanjoint十字軸式萬向節(jié)flexiblejoint柔性接頭needlebearing滾針軸承snapring卡環(huán)Therear-wheeldriveshaftishollowtoreduceweight,buthasadiameterlargeenoughtogivetheshaftgreatstrength.Steel,aluminum,andgraphiteareusedindriveshaftconstruction.Somehavearubber-mountedtorsionaldamper.Ayokeandsplinedstub(whereused)areweldedtotheendsofahollowshaft.Theshaftmustruntrueandbecarefullybalancedtoavoidvibrations.Thedriveshaftisoftenturningathighspeedsandcancausegreatdamageifbent,imbalanced,orifthereiswearintheflexiblejoints.Chapter3PowerTrain

3.3PropellerShaftsandUniversalJoints3.3.2

Text1.DriveShaftFig.3-7ThedriveshafttransferspowertothedrivewheelsFig.3-8Structureofadriveshaft2.UniversalJointThecrossandrolleruniversaljoint,sometimescalledacardanuniversaljoint,consistsofacentercrossandtwoyokes.Theyokesareattachedtothecrossthroughneedlebearingassemblies,usuallycalledbearingcaps.Thebearingcapsareretainedintheyokebysnaprings,U-bolts,orboltedplates.Thebearingcaprollerssurroundthecrossends.Thesecrossendsarecalledtrunnions.Thisallowstheyokestoswivelonthecrosswithaminimumamountoffriction.Chapter3PowerTrain

3.3PropellerShaftsandUniversalJointsFig.3-9AcrossandrolleruniversaljointChapter3PowerTrain

3.4FinalDrive,DifferentialandAxleShaftdifferential[?dif?'ren∫?l]n.差速器rotate[rou'teit]v.（使某物）旋轉(zhuǎn)；使轉(zhuǎn)動spline[splain]n.花鍵finaldrive主減速器，最終傳動limited-slipdifferential防滑差速器finaldriveassembly最終傳動總成，主減速器3.4.1

NewWordsandPhrasesdrivewheels驅(qū)動輪straight-aheaddriving直線向前行駛drivepinion主動小齒輪，驅(qū)動小齒輪ringgear齒圈pinionshaft小齒輪軸，行星齒輪軸differentialpinions差速器行星齒輪axleshaft半軸Mostcarshaveastandard,orunlimited-slip,differential.(Alimited-slipdifferentialcostsmoreandisnotnecessaryinmostnormaldrivingconditions.)Asmentioned,adiffe