上海牛津小學(xué)英語語法知識(shí)總結(jié)

上海牛津小?學(xué)英語語法?知識(shí)總結(jié)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)?1、定義：表示經(jīng)常發(fā)?生或習(xí)慣性?的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)。句中通常有?usual?ly，often?，every?day，somet?imes，alway?s，atweeke?nds，onSunda?ys等表示?經(jīng)常性時(shí)間?的短語。2、構(gòu)成：1）當(dāng)謂語是b?e動(dòng)詞時(shí)，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)?的構(gòu)成：主語＋be動(dòng)詞＋其他如：Iamastude?nt.HeisJim’sfathe?r.TheyarefromJapan?.2）當(dāng)謂語是行?為動(dòng)詞時(shí)，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)?的構(gòu)成：①主語（非第三人稱?單數(shù)）＋動(dòng)詞原形＋其他如：Ioften?watch?TVattheweeke?nds.MrGreen?andMrsGreen?likecolle?cting?stamp?s.②主語（第三人稱單?數(shù)）＋動(dòng)詞的第三?人稱單數(shù)形?式＋其他如：Jimusual?lyvisit?shisgrand?paren?tsonSunda?ys.Shesomet?imesgoestotheparkwithhermothe?r.3、動(dòng)詞三單形?式的變化規(guī)?則：一般情況下?，直接加s如：read-reads?，swim-swims?以s，x，sh，ch，o結(jié)尾，加es如：wash-washe?s，watch?-watch?es，do-does以輔音字母?＋y結(jié)尾，變y為i，再加es如：study?-studi?es，fly-flies?不規(guī)則變化?如：have-has4、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)?的句型轉(zhuǎn)換?：肯定句否定句一般疑問句?及回答Theywatch?TVevery?day.Theydon’twatch?TVevery?day.—Dotheywatch?TVevery?day?—Yes,theydo./No,theydon’t.Shewatch?esTVevery?day.Shedoesn?’twatch?TVevery?day.—Doesshewatch?TVevery?day?—Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn?’t.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)?1、定義：表示現(xiàn)在或?現(xiàn)階段正在?進(jìn)行或發(fā)生?的動(dòng)作。句中常有n?ow，look，liste?n等詞。如：Iamwashi?ngcloth?esnow.Look!LiuTaoisclimb?ingthetree.Liste?n!Janeissingi?nginthemusic?room.2、構(gòu)成：be動(dòng)詞（am/is/are）+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分?詞（V-ing）3、動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分?詞構(gòu)成：一般是在動(dòng)?詞原形后加?ing如：read-readi?ng，drink?-drink?ing，eat-eatin?g，look-looki?ng以不發(fā)音的?e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)?詞，去掉e，再加ing?如：write?-writi?ng，make-makin?g，ride-ridin?g，take-takin?g以重讀閉音?節(jié)結(jié)尾，如末尾只有?一個(gè)輔音字?母，要雙寫這個(gè)?字母，再加ing?如：sit-sitti?ng，swim-swimm?ing，put-putti?ng，run-runni?ng，stop-stopp?ing，get-getti?ng，begin?-begin?ning，jog-joggi?ng，forge?t-forge?tting?4、動(dòng)名詞其實(shí)?就是動(dòng)詞的?現(xiàn)在分詞，它既有名詞?性質(zhì)（可作主語），又有動(dòng)詞性?質(zhì)（可帶賓語）。如：Askin?gthewayMyhobby?iscolle?cting?stamp?s.Heisgoodatskati?ng.5、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)?的句型轉(zhuǎn)換?：肯定句否定句一般疑問句?及回答Heisrunni?ngnow.Heisn’trunni?ngnow.—Isherunni?ngnow?—Yes,heis./No,heisn’t.Theyaremakin?gapuppe?t.Theyaren’tmakin?gapuppe?t.—Aretheymakin?gapuppe?t?—Yes,theyare./No,theyaren’t.一般過去時(shí)?1、定義：表示過去某?個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)?生的動(dòng)作或?存在的狀態(tài)?。常和表示過?去的時(shí)間狀?語連用，如：amomen?tago，justnow，yeste?rday，lastweek，thismorni?ng等。如：Mybroth?eroften?wenttoschoo?lbybikelastterm.Thewatch?wasbesid?ethediary?amomen?tago.Iwatch?edthemoonandatethemooncakes?lastMid-Autum?nFesti?val.Jimwenttothesuper?marke?tyeste?rday.2、構(gòu)成：主語＋動(dòng)詞的過去?式＋其他3、動(dòng)詞過去式?的變化規(guī)則?：一般在動(dòng)詞?原形末尾加?ed如：play-playe?d，liste?n-liste?ned，look-looke?d結(jié)尾是e的?動(dòng)詞，加d如：live-lived?，like-liked?，taste?-taste?d輔音字母＋y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)?詞，變y為i，再加ed如：study?-studi?ed，carry?-carri?ed，cry-cried?末尾只有一?個(gè)輔音字母?的重讀閉音?節(jié)詞，雙寫這個(gè)輔?音字母，再加ed如：stop-stopp?ed，plan-plann?ed不規(guī)則變化?如：am/is-wasare-werehave/has-haddo-didgo-wentsit-sattell-toldsee-sawget-gotmake-madegive-gaveread-readbuy-bough?tcome-camedraw-dreweat-atefly-flewmeet-metput-putrun-ransay-saidsing-sangswim-swamtake-took4、一般過去時(shí)?的句型轉(zhuǎn)換?肯定句否定句一般疑問句?及回答Hewatch?edTVyeste?rday.Hedidn’twatch?TVyeste?rday.—Didhewatch?TVyeste?rday?—Yes,hedid./No,hedidn’t.Theyplaye?dgames?justnow.Theydidn’tplaygames?justnow.—Didtheyplaygames?justnow?—Yes,theydid./No,theydidn’t.一般將來時(shí)?1、定義：表示將要發(fā)?生的動(dòng)作或?存在的狀態(tài)?，以及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備?某事。句中一般含?有表示將來?的時(shí)間狀語?，如：tomor?rowmorni?ng，nextweek，thisafter?noon等?表示將來的?時(shí)間狀語。2、構(gòu)成：①begongto+動(dòng)詞原形如：Iamgoing?toseeaBeiji?ngopera?tomor?row.Wearegoing?tomeetatbusstopathalfpastten.DadandIaregoing?toseeaBeiji?ngopera?thisafter?noon.②will+動(dòng)詞原形如：Theywillgoswimm?ingthisafter?noon.3、begoing?to和will?區(qū)別：①begoing?to表示經(jīng)?過事先安排?、打算或決定?要做的事情?，基本上一定?會(huì)發(fā)生；will則?表示有可能?去做，但不一定發(fā)?生，也常表示說?話人的臨時(shí)?決定。如：Iamgoing?totakepartinaparty?thiseveni?ng.Theyareclean?ingthelibra?rynow.I’llgoandjointhem.②begoing?to表示近?期或眼下就?要發(fā)生的事?情；will表?示的將來時(shí)?間則較遠(yuǎn)一?些。如：Heisgoing?towrite?alette?rtomor?row.Iwillmeetheroneday.③begoing?to還可以?用來表示有?跡象表明某?件事將要發(fā)?生，常用于天氣?等自然現(xiàn)象?。如：Look!It’sgoing?torain.4、一般將來時(shí)?句型轉(zhuǎn)換：肯定句否定句一般疑問句?及回答Sheisgoing?tohaveapicni?ctomor?row.Sheisn’tgoing?tohaveapicni?ctomor?row.—Isshegoing?tohaveapicni?ctomor?row?—Yes,sheis./No,sheisn’t.Theywillgoswimm?ingthisafter?noon.Theywillnot(won’t)goswimm?ingthisafter?noon.—Willtheygoswimm?ingthisafter?noon?—Yes,theywill./No,theywon’t.句法1、陳述句說明事實(shí)或?陳述說話人?觀點(diǎn)的句子?。基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語＋謂語＋其他1）肯定陳述句?Wealllikepanda?sverymuch.2）否定陳述句?Hedoesn?’tdohouse?workatweeke?nds3）肯定陳述句?改否定陳述?句①一般是在b?e動(dòng)詞或情?態(tài)動(dòng)詞后加?not。Marywasatschoo?lyeste?rday.—>Marywasnotatschoo?lyeste?rday.Icanmakeamodel?plane?.—>Icannotmakeamodel?plane?.②不含be動(dòng)?詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)?詞的，行為動(dòng)詞前?要用助動(dòng)詞?的否定式（don’t，doesn?’t，didn’t），后面跟動(dòng)詞?的原形。Helikes?drawi?ngpictu?res.—>Hedoesn?’tlikedrawi?ngpictu?res.Iwenttotheparkyeste?rday.—>Ididn’tgototheparkyeste?rday.4）陳述句改一?般疑問句①有be動(dòng)詞?或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞?的，把be動(dòng)詞?或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞?提前。Marywasatschoo?lyeste?rday.—>WasMaryatschoo?lyeste?rday?Icanmakeamodel?plane?.—>Canyoumakeamodel?plane??②不含be動(dòng)?詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)?詞的句子，借助助動(dòng)詞?開頭，動(dòng)詞還原成?原形。Helikes?drawi?ngpictu?res.—>Doeshelikedrawi?ngpictu?res.Iwenttotheparkyeste?rday.—>Didyougototheparkyeste?rday?2、疑問句用來提出問?題，詢問情況的?句子，末尾用問號(hào)?。1）一般疑問句?：一般疑問句?常用來詢問?一件事是否?屬實(shí)，通常以be?動(dòng)詞，助動(dòng)詞或情?態(tài)動(dòng)詞開頭?，用yes或?no來回答?，因此又叫是?非疑問句，通常讀升調(diào)??！狪sMrGreen?fromtheUK?—Yes，heis./No，heisn’t.—Doyouhaveanyhobbi?es?—Yes，Ido./No，Idon’t.—Canyouplaytheguita?r?—Yes，Ican./No，Ican’t.2）特殊疑問句?：以特殊疑問?詞引導(dǎo)，要求回答具?體問題，不能用ye?s或no來?回答?！狧owdoyougotoworkevery?day?—Igotoworkbycar.3）選擇疑問句?：提供兩種或?兩種以上情?況，讓對(duì)方選擇?，往往用or?連接。—Would?youlikesometeaorcoffe?e?—Somecoffe?e,pleas?e.4）反意疑問句?：反意疑問句?是由陳述句?和附在其后?的附加疑問?句組成?！狪t’safineday,isn’tit?—Yes,itis.3、祈使句表示請(qǐng)求或?命令別人做?某事或不做?某事。1）用于第二人?稱，通常省略y?ou。①肯定祈使句?：Openthedoor,pleas?e.②否定祈使句?：Don’tbelateagain?.2）用于第一人?稱和第三人?稱，通常以le?t（let后跟?賓格）或shal?l開頭。Letmehavealook.Let’splayagamenow.Lethimgohomenow.Shall?wemeetatonethirt?yinfront?oftheGarde?nTheat?re?4、感嘆句表達(dá)喜怒哀?樂等強(qiáng)烈感?情，句尾常用感?嘆號(hào)（!），語氣用降調(diào)?。1）what+名詞或名詞?性短語Whatabiggarde?n(itis)!What