2025屆高考英語語法復(fù)習(xí) 思維導(dǎo)圖+練習(xí)（共16個專題）含答案

高考英語復(fù)習(xí)語法思維導(dǎo)圖梳理+練習(xí)

詞性和句子成分

詞性分類:

不，代―

&：位于NUD、代詞,曲名uimEia從句M

分■:?*介U0.63介U0.蟠＜?介UQ.分00介Ml

理宣：位于gumn

ttX：01??UU?MillItW7

分*:k列遑■和從句連UU

句子成分:

Challengesmakeslifeworthliving

主語Youwinbecauseyouthinkyoucan.

SeeingisbelievingToseeistobelieve

Whatdoesn'tkillusmakesusstronger.

定義：即謂語動詞，表引作或狀態(tài)

Actionsspeaklouderandwords.

謂語Educationis出edoortofreedom.

Amancanbedestroyed,butnotdefeated.

Notfiinggreatwasachievedwithoutenthusiasm.

定義：動作的承受者

Youbrainneedsexerciserokeepfit.justlikeyourbody.

Failureteachesyoumorethansuccess.

GeniusmeansworkinghardRemembertosmilewhenyouwake

up.

Ifyoudon'thavewhatyoulike.youmustlikewhatyouhave.

定義：在系動詞后，說明主語怎么樣

Deedsaremorepowerfulthanwords.

Theultimategoalshouldbedoingyourbestandenjoyingh.

定義:包括賓語補足語和主語補足語。最常見的是賓語補足

語，對賓語進行補充說明

Readingmakesamanwiseandhappy.

Weelecthimmonitorofourclass.

定義，價飾n.Rtpron.自括IKT筲走i已不口后筲走

"I'licl>catitirulgirlInrea<lisourmonitor.

I-llerearcmanystudentssleepIIB^lit?lieclassi'ooiiB.

IXlieuwasxip:untcr.wlaollve<linIa*tixlaoii.

主義?adj.adv皿*?個句于?i空日月R“乍的

方代、時「可、地點.11a勺、原國、結(jié)朱、樂

件、讓步、包金、伴總!1衿皿形容詢、的狀

3飾或分狀諳Hedoesliishomuwork<->?reftillyinlii%?tn<ly

Theboyisstrong:andrunsextixriitelyfast,

tli-c<l.hewenttobedsupper.

定義.小t名1用3注行卡卜充[兌世IQ勺名■]皿

從旬＜IF位i3從旬）

Mr.Zhang,ourteaclBer,isvetyhaixlsomc

IIUIILiHim,<sa?|>tniii<?F<，,■「xclioolvollt*yl>Mll

tfMIBB.

lietokimeflicnew?,tlistt<??ia*Ifilmtlie*

詞性和句子成分練習(xí)

一、指出下列句子中劃線詞的詞性和意義。

I.Hissuccesswasachievedbyhardwork.

Ifyouworkhard,youwillsucceedsoonerorlater.

2.Thebookreceivedafavarablereview.

You'llhavetobookearlyifyouwanttoseethatfashionshow.

3.Ourteamhashadfivewinsandnolossesthisseason.

FrancewonbysixgoalstotwoagainstDenmark.

4.Shehasaverynarrowviewoftheworld.narrowescape

Thisiswheretherivernarrows.

Weneedtotrytonarrowthehealthdividebetweenrichandpoor.

二、分析句子成分

RecentlyIhavecarriedoutasurveyamongihcstudents

inourclass.

1,①畫@④⑤

Onedaysomeofmystudentsweretalkingaboutwhatwewouldliketobeinthefuture

2--?

Musiccanmakeourmindinapeacefulstateafterawholedayoftiringwork

④⑤，

Themeetingheldyesterdaywasimportant

4.

①②③

Everydayhewasforcedtoworkfrommomingtillnight

5.??_??

Wordcame(hatthemayorwouldpayavisit(oourschoolnextweek

6'@②③

三、分析長難句

I.Supporters(ofundergrounddevelopment)say(tha〔buildingdownralher【hanbuildingupisagoodwaylouse

theearth'sspace).

2.ITmaybesaid[thatthemeasure(oftheworth)(ofanysocialinstitution)isitseffort(inenlargingand

improvingexperience),]//butthiseffortisnotapart(ofitsoriginalmotive).

3.WhileQueenslandRailmakeseveryefforttoensuretrainsrunasscheduled,therecanbenoguaranteeof

connectionsbetweentrainsorbetweentrainservicesandbusservices.

4.Returningtoabookyoifvcreadmanytimescanfeellikedrinkswithanoldfriend.

5.ButIimaginethat,whilemoneyisindeedwonderfulandnecessary,rereadinganauthor'sworkisthehighest

currencyareadercanpaythem.

6.Themassmediaandgovernmentwhitepapersplayanimportantpartinthespreadofforeignwords.

7.Ingeneral,women'sfriendshipswitheachotherrestonsharedemotionsandsupport,butmen'srelationships

aremarkedbysharedactivities.

8.AllcustomerstravellingonTransLinkservicesmustbeinpossessionofavalidticketbeforeboarding.Forticket

information,pleaseaskatyourlocalstationorcall131230.

9.WhileQueenslandRailmakeseveryefforttoensuretrainsrunasscheduled,therecanbenoguaranteeof

connectionsbetweentrainsorbetweentrainservicesandbusservices.

10.ltisdifficulttomeasurethequantityofpaperusedasaresultofuseofInternet-connectedcomputers,although

justaboutanyonewhoworksinanofficecantellyouthatwhene-mailisintroduced,theprintersstartworking

overtime.Thatis,thegrowingdemandforpaperinrecentyearsislargelyduetotheincreaseduseof:hcInternet.

思維導(dǎo)圖梳理語法(2)

句子類型

主謂

主謂賓

簡單句主系表

主謂間賓宜賓

主謂賓賓補

Theretheairiscleanandmountainsaregreen.

Theproblemisalittlehard,butIwasabletowork

itabout.

Wemusthangtogetherorweshallhangseperately.

Hiseyesightwasfailing,sohefounditincreasingly

difficulttoread

含名詞性從句

含定語從句

含狀語從句

此句型中的謂語動詞是不及物動詞.不能直接帶賓語，接賓語

必須后加介詞，其后常帶有狀語。

Thegirlsingsbeautifully.

Detectiveswerewaitingattheairportallmorning.

此句型中的謂語動詞應(yīng)為及物動詞，其后必須接賓語。

賓Iappreciateyourtimelyhelp.

Iwanttohaveacupoftea.

此句型中謂語動詞需用系動詞，表語用來說明主語的特征、

主系表狀態(tài)、類屬、身份等。

Thisisgoodstory.Thebooksoundsveryinteresting.

此句型中的謂語動詞為授王動詞，后接雙賓語才能表達完整

的意思，間接賓語在前，宜接賓語在后，但如果直接賓語在

前，間接賓語在后，中間需要加上一個介詞t。或for。常見授

主謂間賓通子動詞有g(shù)ive,send,tell,teach,pay,show,offer,buy,cook等

Heboughtmeabicycle.=Heboughtabicycleforme.

Ipaidhimavisityesterday.=Ipaidavisittohimyesterday.

此句型中謂語動詞為不完全及物動詞,主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)還不能表

達完整的意思，必須加一個賓語補足語來說明賓語的情況才

主謂賓賓補能使句子完整:-----------------------------------------

Wecallhimalivingdictionary.

Youwillfindmysuggestionsveryuseful.

and,notonly...but（also）…（不但...而且....）,neither...nor

（既不…也不）

并列順承關(guān)系

Icookesthemealandtlienwashedtliepot.

Notonkcanabeautifulsmilemakeushappy,butalsoitenables

otherstofeeldeliglited.

but/yet（但是），while（然而，強調(diào)兩分句間的對比）

轉(zhuǎn)折對比關(guān)系:Shehasgreatpotential,butsheneedstraining.

Iwasneverneat,whilemyroommateKatewasextremely

organized.

or（或者，否則）,either...or...（要么…要么…）,不

是…而是…）

選擇關(guān)系

Workhard,oryouwillfallbehindothers.

Nowyoucaneitherhavearestorgotothecinema.

so（所以）,for（因為）

因果關(guān)系Iwasfeelinghungry,soImademyselfasandwich.

Hedidn'tcometoschool,forhewassick.

主語從句:ThatTomshouldcheatmeisdisappointing.

賓語從句：Ido向whether/ifhewillcome.

含名詞性從句

表語從句：Heisnolongerwhatheusedtobe.

同位語從句:HegavemesomeadvicethatIshouldreadEnglisheven-day.

I'mascientistwha/thatstudiesanimalssuchasapesandmonkeys.

含定語從句《I'dliketoseethecarMich/thatyouboughtyesterday.

Julyisthemonthwhennature'sberriesareinabundance.

復(fù)合句時間狀語從:WhenIarrivedIsawa2-to-3-week-oldpanda.

地點狀語從:WemiEtcanpwherewecangetwater.

原因狀語從:Hechosethemoviebecauseitseemedappropriate.

結(jié)果狀語從:IwassonenoiKthatIcouldhardh-tellwhichdirectionwasleft.

含狀語從句4.條件狀語從:Unlessyouwearboots,youmaygetbittenbysnakes.

目的狀語從:Thenlaythetubeinplacesothatoneendrestsallthewayinthecup.

讓步狀語從:Shestillhasveiyacutehearing,thoughsheisinhereighties.

方式狀語從:Istaredatever）thingasifIwaslookingatitforthefirsttime.

比較狀語從句：Somstin?sthehostoffersguestsmorefoodthantheyneed.

練習(xí)1:簡單句

1.他從早到晚努力工作。

2.自從2010年以來成都發(fā)生了很大的變化。

3.比賽將于6月10日下午在我們學(xué)校禮堂舉行。

4.地震期間你應(yīng)保持冷靜。

5.我們報紙的“外國文化”欄目非常受我們學(xué)生的歡迎c

6.網(wǎng)絡(luò)使學(xué)習(xí)容易又方便。

7.這次展覽會幫助你更好理解中國傳統(tǒng)繪畫。

8.我認為寫英語日記很有用。

練習(xí)2：并列句、復(fù)合句

1.保持積極的態(tài)度，好事就會發(fā)生。

2.抓住機會，否則你會后悔的。

3.英語傷我千百遍，我待英語如初戀。

4.他們需要的不是你的同情，而是你的幫助。

5.湯姆學(xué)習(xí)很努力，所以他考試成績好。

6.史密斯一家不但過圣誕節(jié)，也過春節(jié)。

7.他喜歡流行音樂，而我喜歡民間音樂。

8.她缺的(東西)是經(jīng)驗。

9.中國再也不是它以前的樣子了。

10.足球比賽是否舉行將取決于天氣。

11.我的建議是我們應(yīng)該明天一早出發(fā)。

12.正在做演講的女孩是我們班的班長.

13.我們隊贏得了這個比賽，這使得我們非常高興。

14.隨著世界變成一個地球村，英語變得越來越重要。

15.盡管網(wǎng)購已經(jīng)改變了我們的生活，但它的影響并不都是積極的。

思維導(dǎo)圖梳理語法(3)

名詞

口訣：名詞性質(zhì)要關(guān)注，可數(shù)與否須清楚。

名詞具有受限性，限制（特指、確指和泛指）修飾要重視。

名詞的考點（義，性，數(shù)，格）

1.名詞的詞義

2.詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：

①動詞變名詞：describe一n.argue—n.explain—n.

complain—n.guide—n.weigh—n.

②形容詞變名詞:honest—n.wise—n.natural-n.strong—n.

③名詞變名詞：science一n.（科學(xué)家）phenomenon—n?pl）.service一n.（仆人）

I.名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)：①可數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)②不可數(shù)名詞的辨認③修飾詞

2.抽象名詞具體化：

當抽象名詞在語境中指某人或某物，與不定冠詞（a/an）連用，這叫抽象名詞具體化。

haveagoodknowledgeof/haveacoffcc/asucccss/aplcasurc/anexperience

MLImtt)*■?bo?n??

CIU*M4ten?novel?Fttutfy

L名詞分類

2.名詞單復(fù)數(shù)變化規(guī)則

一股情況在詞尾加t：months

以&工ch.sh結(jié)尾的名詞后加YS：walch-watchcs,dish-dishes

V變-岡-倫為v再加Y$：thief-thieves,leaf-leaves

/以-使-fe結(jié)尾的詞e<-—

現(xiàn)則攵化---加-$：proof-proofs,roof-roofs

一般加?s：photo-photos,bamboo-bamboos

［以-。結(jié)尾的名詞'少數(shù)加-es:黑人（negroes）英雄（heroes）愛吃土豆

\（potatoes）西紅柿（lomaioes）和芒果（mangoes）

可數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則改變內(nèi)部元音字母或其他形式:man-men,woman-women,

foot-feettooth-teeth,goose-geese

單復(fù)數(shù)相同:sheep.fi$h（涪魚）.Chinese,deer,means（方

式）,series（系列）,species（劭種）

無規(guī)則變化:child-children,mouse-mice,ox-oxen,medium-

不規(guī)則變化

media（媒體）,bacterium-bacteria（細菌）,phenomenon-

phenomena（現(xiàn)象）

單數(shù)形式復(fù)數(shù)概念：people,police,cattle

合成名詞！passers-by,grown-up乂成年人）jnansenant-men

servants

常考的不可數(shù)名詞：（不用復(fù)數(shù)形式、不于不定冠詞（a/an）搭配）

homework,housework,weather,advice,progress,fun,information,equipment,furniture,

rubbish,luggage,baggage,labour,money,milk,bread,traffic,luck...

3.不可數(shù)名詞用以

京見的不可數(shù)名詞.這哄名詞泗朋不可以和a/nn連

用，也不能變?yōu)榕當?shù)“

有吟不可數(shù)名詞在衣示份數(shù).種類的“寸候可以梏化

為可數(shù)名詞，這類名詞有Ccds,fruits,coffee”等“

抽鍬名i司只體化：asurprise一個令人吃驚的人或物.

不可數(shù)名詞nillionor-■個榮*解，npity―■件ITT十音的W,Hsuccess/

failure―?個J龍功/失敗的人成串.have?good

ktiowlcdgoof械泗

不可數(shù)名詞的量.化：布格用''覘數(shù)詞+詞tcC不E數(shù)

名詞??束衡?；不可數(shù)名詞的如nbottleofmilk

井瓦牛奶，twopiecesofchalk—支粉第,asheetofpaper

一張紙

4.名詞所有格

有生命的人或動物：Tom'scat;theteachers'office;

Children'sDay

'：時間、舉例、國家城市、金錢重量等:today,snews;

twnentyminutes'walk;China'snewlook

名詞所有格

無生命的東西:thecoverofthebook;thetitleofthe

of

passage

afriendofmine我的朋友之一；aplayofShakespear's

雙重所有格:莎士比亞的戲劇之一

5.名詞的修飾語

many,every,each,few,afew,several,

只能修飾可數(shù)名詞both,anumberof.dozensof?scoresof.

numbersof等。注：manya+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)

只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞much,toomuch,little,alinle.abitof.a

名詞的修飾語largeamountof.agreatdealof^.

some.most.all.half,enougli.

既可修飾可數(shù)名詞，又可修飾不可教名詞alotof,lotsof,plentyof,tons

of,quantitiesof,aquantityof,

masses。僧。

6.名詞的句法功能

作狀語：Weneverstopworking,rainorshine.

名詞要點聚焦

一.可數(shù)名詞要點：

可數(shù)名詞包括單數(shù)名詞、復(fù)數(shù)名詞和集體名詞。

使用原則：

L名詞受限性：

泛指：1）單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞不能單獨使用，表示泛指必須與不定冠詞連用。

2）復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示泛指、不可數(shù)名詞表示泛指，不受限制

特指：名詞表示特指必須有定冠詞限定

確指：明確名詞的確切限定，受:his/that/thcsc/thosc/onc's（形容詞性物主代詞）限定

非確指：some/any/few/afew/little?alittle/avarietyof/plentyof/agreatdealof/anumberof等不定顯詞修飾

2.名詞的修飾語：

1）只修是可數(shù)名詞的詞：

2）只修是不可數(shù)名詞的詞：

3）既可修飾可數(shù)名詞，又可修飾不可數(shù)名詞的詞：

3.many,several,（a）few之后，或oneofthe/one's之后絕不能接可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式。

4.總是以復(fù)數(shù)形式使用的復(fù)數(shù)名詞：

clothes,trousers,glasses（眼鏡），thanks,congratulations,preparations,goods,looks（夕卜表）：manners（禮

貌），Customs（海關(guān)、關(guān)稅），inhighspirits,giveregardsto,give（one's）bestwishesto

5.表復(fù)數(shù)意義的名詞

這類名詞作主語,謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式：例如：cattle,police,people

名詞練習(xí)

I:可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的變化

Nesro一hero—tomato—potato—

zoo—bamboo-radio—piano—photo__

knife一leaf一loaf—wolf—wife一

halfthief一chief—roof一belief

gulf一handkerchief一handkerchiefs(hanclkerchieves)goose—geese

tooth—_______man—______woman—__________gentleman——_______

Frenchman—policeman—German—

Roman—humanisheep—deer_

Swiss_Portuguese—Chinese_Japanese—

means_child—mouse—crisis_

analysis—criterion_bacterium—

passer-by—*fa:her-in-law—>grown-up—

II：單句語法填空

1.Therearcvarioustypesofteathatofferdifferenthealth(benefit)andflavors

2.Whilethereareamazingstoriesofinstanttransformation,formostofusthe(change)ar?gradualand

requirealotofeffortandwork,likecleaningupapollutedriver.

3.Isuddenlyregrettedthatwchadno(photo)fromthisvacationtogether

4.Onespringafternoon,wewenttooneof(hegrocery(store)nearbytobuysomefoodfordinner.

5.Ecotourismistypicallydefinedastraveltoplaceswheretheuniqueplants,animalsandculturalheritagearethe

primary(attraction).

6.Doifttrytomake(friend)withmanagers,butberespectful.

7.Hegainedhiswealthbyprinting(work)offamouswriters.

8.TheBritishhavemany(tradition)butthereisnothingmorequintessential(典型的］thantaking

afternoontea.

9.Manyofthesehadbenefitedfromthegovernment'sspecialnewpoliciesencouragingpeopletostarttheirown

(business).

10.Anditevaluateshowwellyoucombineyourlistening,reading,speakingandwriting(skill)to

performacademictasks.

TH：單句改錯

I.Somesellerswereshoutingatthetopoftheirvoicetoattractpeople'sattentions.

2.Tomygreatjoys,Marytookgoodcareofme.

3.Whynotcomeandjoinusifyouwanttoknowmoreinformationsaboutourfuturespaceschool?

4.Itiswellknownthatdoingexercisecanhelppeopleloseweightsandhaveahealthylife.

5.Sometimesfailurecanmakeuslosehearts.

6.Theymaybetooyoungtotellrightfromwrongwithouttheguidanceoftheirparents.Somemaytakeillegal

activity.

7.Butmyfather'sdeadchangedme.Mylifebecamepoorer,butmymothertriedherbesttogivemewhatI

wantedeventhoughitwastoodifficultforher.

8.Afterwewalkedalongthebankforfortyminute?wereachedtheHappyValley.

9.Itisnecessarythatoneshouldcatvariouskindofhealthyfoodsuchasfish,eggs,vegetablesandfruits.

10.Bytheway,after(hecontest,Iamtodropina(youruniversitieslovisityou.

IV：語篇填空

Itwaslateatnight.Two_1_(German)weresleepingintheirroomwhensuddenly,oneofthem,MrsGreen,

waswokenupandfoundathiefslippingintotheirroomtotryhisluck.Shehadthree_2_(thousand)dollarsin

herpocket."WhatshouldIdo?Many_3—(thief)usuallybring_4—(knife)withthem?”shethoughtin

_S_(silent).Andatthesametimethethiefhappenedtotnucha_6_(sport)suit.Ifseemedasifhefound

(herewassomeoneintheroom,sohewentouttothenextroomwheretwo_7_(Frenchman)weresleeping.

Whenhewaslookingfor_8—(money)orsome_9—(jewel)inthenextroom,MrsGreenwokeupher

husbandquicklyandcalledthe_1()_(policeman).Andthenthethiefknewwhathadhappened.Hewasso

scaredthathetookoutaknife.Justthen(hepoliceshowedup.Beforethethiefranaway,thepolicecaughthim.

ForMrsGreen,itwasreallyanunusualexperience.

高考鏈接

一、單句語法填空

1.(2020全國卷I)Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticular(interesting)toscientistsbecauseithasalotof

deepcraters(環(huán)形山).

2.(2020全國卷IlI)Filledwith(curious),theartistpackedhisbagsandleft.

3.(2015全國卷H)Inadditiontorheirsimplebeauty,whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheir

(able)to“airconditioif'ahousewithoutusingelectricequipment.

4.(2020全國卷II)ChineseNewYearisa(celebrate)markingtheendofthewinterseasonandthe

beginningofspring.

5.(2019全國卷I)...leadingloa(believe)(haipopulationsareincreasing.

6.（2019全國卷UI）...theyinvitedDRtclocaleventsandletIKknowofaninteresting（mtnpete）fo

watch,...

7.（2018全國卷H）Thisswitchhasdecreased（pollute）inthecountry'smajorlakesandreservoirsand

madedrinkingwatersaferforpeople.

8.（2017全國卷Sarah,whohastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodelswants（oprovethatshehas

brainsaswellasbeautysheisdeterminedtocarryonwithher（educate）.

9.（2016全國卷I）Butfortouristslikeme,pandasareitstop（attract）.

10.（2016全國卷II）Then,handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyou'llfeelarealsenseof（achieve）.

11.（2016全國卷ni）SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius,wholivedfromroughly55ito

479B.C.,influencedthe（develop）ofchopsticks.

12.（2020浙江）Later,theylearnedtoworkwithIhe（season）.

13.（2018全國卷I）...amerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeaths

fromall（cause）.

14.（2017全國卷I）...hashadsomeunintendedside（effect）suchasoverweightandheartdisease.

15.（2017全國卷HI）Shehasturneddownseveral（invitation）tostaratshowsinordertoconcentrateonher

studies.

二、單句改錯

1.（2020全國卷I）NcxtIbroketheeggsintoabowlandbeatthemquicklywithchopstick.

2.（2020全國卷H）Luckily,Iwillgohomeintwoweeksforsummervacations.

3.（2020全國卷III）Mymomisreallyconcerningwiththehealthofeveryoneinourfamilies.

4.（2018全國卷I）LastwinterwhenIwenthereagain,theyhadabigseparatehousetoraisedozensofchicken.

5.（2018全國卷II）Aftersupper,wewouldplaycardgamesofallsortinthesittingroom.

6.（2018全國卷III）Theclassroomisaplaceforlearningandthatncludeslearningfromtextbooks,andmistake

aswell.

7.（2017全國卷I）Theinstructorkeptrepeatingtheword,4iSpeedup!”“Slowdown!”“Turnleft!”

8.（2016全國卷III）Theteenageyearfrom13to19werethemostdifficulttimeforme.

9.（2015全國卷II）Oneday,littleTonywenttoashoppingcenterwithhisparent.

10.（2017全國卷II）Beside,theyoftengetsomeusefulinformationsfrom（heinternet.

11.（2016全國卷II）Ifwegoonatripabroad,wecanbroadenourviewandgainknowledgeswecannotgetfrom

books.

12.（2015全國卷I）Theairswebreatheinisgellingdirtieranddirtier.

13.（2019全國卷I）Toeveryone'ssurprising,theballwentintothenet.

14.（2016全國卷I）Myuncletellsmethatthekeytohissuccessishonest.

15.（2018全國II）Whe