（高考英語(yǔ)作文煉句）第44篇譯文老師筆記

PAGEPAGE11.那些在童年時(shí)代就成為狂熱的體育愛(ài)好者的人在長(zhǎng)大后更有可能擁有積極的生活方式,以及更加健康和有活力.Thosewhobecame

avidsportsenthusiasts(1.狂熱的體育愛(ài)好者)duringchildhoodaremuchmorelikelytoleadanactivelifestyleasadultsandenjoygreaterhealthand

vitality(2.活力).

1-sportsenthusiasts詞典釋義：enthusiast

UK

[?n'θju：.zi.?st]

US

[-'θu：-]

noun

countable

■apersonwhoisveryinterestedinandinvolvedwitha

particularsubjectoractivity

熱衷于…的人;熱心者;愛(ài)好者?akeep-fit

enthusiast熱衷健身運(yùn)動(dòng)的人?amodel-aircraft

enthusiast飛機(jī)模型愛(ài)好者

外刊例句：Withsummerjustaroundthecornerinthe

northernhemisphere,manymountain-sports

enthusiasts

arestashingtheirskisandsnowboardsawayinthecupboard

anddustingoffkitusedtogoupmountainsratherthandownthem.

()隨著北半球的夏天逐步來(lái)臨,許多山地運(yùn)動(dòng)愛(ài)好者正把滑雪板收進(jìn)櫥柜里,拿出用于登山而非下山的運(yùn)動(dòng)器材,掃除其灰塵.

替換表達(dá)：devoteesofsports

2-vitality

詞典釋義：vitality

●○○○○1.N-UNCOUNT

不可數(shù)名詞

活力;生命力;熱情

Ifyousaythatsomeoneorsomethinghas

vitality,youmeanthatthey

havegreatenergyandliveliness.?Withoutcontinuedlearning,graduateswilllosetheir

intellectual

vitality...如果不繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí),畢業(yè)生就會(huì)失去思想上的活力.

?MrLisaidChina'sreformshadbrought

vitality

toitseconomy.李先生說(shuō)中國(guó)的改革給其經(jīng)濟(jì)注入了活力.

外刊例句：In

alllivingthingstheremustbeacertainunity,aprincipleof

vitality

andgrowth.()一切生物間肯定有一一致性,那就是活力與成長(zhǎng)的法則.

替換表達(dá)：vigour

2.據(jù)估計(jì)中國(guó)有百分之五的人口患有抑郁癥,而平均每四名大學(xué)生里就有一名有某種形式的精神健康問(wèn)題.不幸的是,許多需要尋求心理咨詢的人卻不敢尋求幫助,因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為尋求心理咨詢是一種懦弱的行為.ItisestimatedthatfivepercentoftheChinesepopulation

suffersfromdepression(1.患有抑郁癥),whileoneineveryfourcollegestudentshassomeformof

mentalhealthproblem(2.精神健康問(wèn)題).Unfortunately,manypeoplewhorequire

psychiatriccounseling(3.心理咨詢)areafraidtoseekit,duetothebeliefthatdoingsowouldbeanactof

cowardice(4.懦弱).

1-sufferfromdepression

詞典釋義：

depression

[d?'pre?.?n]

noun

UNHAPPINESS

不快樂(lè)

ADVANCED

uncountable

■thestateoffeelingveryunhappyandwithouthopefor

thefuture

憂郁,抑郁;消沉,沮喪?Iwasoverwhelmedbyfeelingsof

depression.我萬(wàn)念俱灰.

ADVANCED

countable

or

uncountable

■amentalillnessinwhichapersonisveryunhappyand

anxious(=worriedandnervous)forlongperiodsandcannothaveanormal

lifeduringtheseperiods

抑郁癥?Tiredness,lossofappetiteandsleepingproblemsareall

classicsymptomsof

depression.乏力、沒(méi)有食欲和失眠都是抑郁癥的典型癥狀.?Ifyou

sufferfrom

depression,it'sbestto

getprofessionalhelp.如果你患有抑郁癥,最好向?qū)I(yè)人士求助.

外刊例句：Todayaround15%ofpeopleindeveloped

countries

sufferfromdepression,

andtheillnessshowsnosignofabating.

()現(xiàn)今約15%的發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家人群飽受抑郁癥折磨,而且該疾病毫無(wú)消退跡象.

替換表達(dá)：experience/havedepression,sufferfromdepressivedisorders

2-mentalhealthproblem

詞典釋義：mental

health

n.(名詞)1.Astateofemotionalandpsychologicalwell-being

inwhichanindividualisabletousehisorhercognitiveandemotional

capabilities,functioninsociety,andmeettheordinarydemandsofeveryday

life.健康情緒,心理健康：情緒及心理上的理想狀態(tài),讓個(gè)人可以在社會(huì)中使用他(她)的認(rèn)知及情緒能力,并符合日常生活的一般需求

外刊例句：

Inthepastyearanumberofcampaignshave

beenlaunchedtoencouragementotalkabouttheir

mentalhealthproblems.

()去年,人們舉行了一系列活動(dòng),鼓勵(lì)男性談?wù)撈湫睦斫】祮?wèn)題.

替換表達(dá)：mentaldisorders/psychologicalproblems

3-psychiatriccounseling

詞典釋義：psychiatric

[?sa?.ki'?t.r?k]

adjective

ADVANCED

■oforrelatingtothestudyofmentalillness

精神病(學(xué))的?psychiatric

treatment精神病治療?a

psychiatric

patient精神病人?thehospital's

psychiatric

unit醫(yī)院的精神科

counselling

●●○○○inAM,use美國(guó)英語(yǔ)用

counseling1.N-UNCOUNT

不可數(shù)名詞

(治療師或其他專家提供的)咨詢,建議

Counselling

isadvicewhichatherapistorotherexpertgivestosomeone

aboutaparticularproblem.?Shewillneedmedicalhelpand

counselling

toovercomethetragedy...她需要借助醫(yī)學(xué)治療和心理咨詢來(lái)克服慘劇帶來(lái)的影響.

?Shebroughtherhusbandinformarriagecounseling.她帶丈夫來(lái)進(jìn)行婚姻咨詢.

外刊例句：Some

thinkthatpeoplewith

psychiatric

conditionsarepossessedbyevilspirits.()某些人認(rèn)為,有心理疾病的人是被惡靈控制了.

替換表達(dá)：psychologicalcounseling/psychologicalconsultations

4-cowardice

詞典釋義：cowardice1.N-UNCOUNT

不可數(shù)名詞

懼怕;膽小;懦弱

Cowardice

is

cowardlybehaviour.?Heopenlyaccusedhisopponentsof

cowardice.他公然指責(zé)對(duì)手膽小懦弱.

外刊例句：All306Britishfirstworldwarsoldiers

executedfordesertionor

cowardice

aretobepardoned,DesBrowne,thedefencesecretary,willannouncetoday.()國(guó)防部長(zhǎng)丹斯·布朗恩將于今日宣布,總共306名在一戰(zhàn)中因?yàn)樯秒x軍隊(duì)或逃離軍隊(duì)而被處決的英國(guó)士兵將得到赦免.

Q：請(qǐng)問(wèn)老師這里"fivepercentofthe

Chinesepopulationsuffersfromdepression”suffer到底加不加s?看有的地方說(shuō)不用,"當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是表示\"人口的百分之幾、幾分之幾\"時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式.”比較迷茫A：population既可以當(dāng)單數(shù)名詞,也可以當(dāng)復(fù)數(shù)名詞,原文的theChinesepopulation是作為單數(shù)名詞使用,因?yàn)楹竺娴膕uffer要使用第三人稱單數(shù)形式.不管主語(yǔ)前面有沒(méi)有"百分之幾”的修飾,主語(yǔ)后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都應(yīng)該跟主語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致,例如牛津詞典例句：Onethirdoftheworld'spopulationconsumes/consumetenthirds

oftheworld'sresources.世界上三分之一的人口消耗著全球三分之二的資源.

Q：Chinese就表示中國(guó)人了,population就指全體人口了,我覺(jué)得應(yīng)該已經(jīng)是特指了.為什么前面還要加the?A：Chinese是一個(gè)形容詞,population是一個(gè)單數(shù)名詞,前面必須要有冠詞來(lái)修飾.

3.比起治療身體疾病,治療精神健康問(wèn)題往往是一個(gè)更加漫長(zhǎng)的過(guò)程;一些精神疾病需要多年不間斷的治療,而另外一些甚至需要用一生的時(shí)間去克服.Treatingamentalhealthproblemtendstobe

amuchmoreprotractedprocess(1.一個(gè)更加漫長(zhǎng)的過(guò)程)thandealingwithaphysicalailment;some

psychologicaldisorders

(2.精神疾病)require

yearsofongoingtherapy(3.多年不間斷的治療),whileothersmayeventakealifetimetoovercome.

1-amuchmoreprotractedprocess

詞典釋義：protracted

[pr?'tr?k.t?d]

adjective

■lastingforalongtimeormadetolastlonger

持久的;延長(zhǎng)的;拖延的?protracted

negotiations持久的談判?a

protracted

argument/discussion曠日費(fèi)時(shí)的爭(zhēng)論／討論

外刊例句：Protestsbrokeoutasthe

protractedprocess

ofdrawingupaconstitution—theseventhsince

1950—cametoanunexpectedlyrapidclose.

()憲法制定過(guò)程曠日持久(自1950年的第七次制定),但卻出乎意料地突然結(jié)束,游行示威因此而爆發(fā)了.

替換表達(dá)：amuchlengthierprocess

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：amuchmore

lengthyprocess點(diǎn)評(píng)：lengthy的比較級(jí)是lengthier,不能說(shuō)amuchmorelengthyprocess,要說(shuō)amuchlengthierprocess

2-psychologicaldisorders

詞典釋義：psychological

UK

[?sa?.k?l'?d?.?.k?l]

US

[-k?'lɑ：.d??-]

adjective

IMPROVER

■relatingtothehumanmindandfeelings

心理的;心理學(xué)的?psychological

problems心理問(wèn)題?Heclaimsthattheconstantaircraftnoisehasabad

psychological

effectontheresidents.他聲稱持續(xù)不斷的飛機(jī)噪音給居民造成了不良的心理影響.?Weareconcernedwiththephysicaland

psychological

well-beingofouremployees.我們關(guān)心員工的身心健康.■(ofanillnessorotherphysicalproblem)causedbyworry

orsadness

由焦慮(或悲傷)引起的;存在于心理上的?Isuspecthisheadachesarepurely

psychological.我懷疑他的頭痛純粹是心理作用.

disorderUK

[d?'s?：.d?r]

US

[-'s?：r.d?]

noun

ILLNESS

疾病

countable

or

uncountable

■anillnessofthemindorbody

失調(diào),紊亂?a

blood

disorder血液失調(diào)?Thefamilyhaveahistoryof

mental

disorder.該家族有精神病史.

外刊例句：Theanalysisusedonlylarge-scalestudies,

whichlookedatthegeneralpopulation,tocontrolformenbeinglesslikely

toseekhelpfor

psychological

disorders

thanwomen.

()這種分析方法僅用于聚焦于廣大群眾的大型實(shí)驗(yàn),該實(shí)驗(yàn)為了探尋究竟是什么控制因素導(dǎo)致男性在精神疾病方面比女性更少向外界尋求幫助.

替換表達(dá)：mentalillnesses/mentaldisorders

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：physical

illnesses點(diǎn)評(píng)：physical

illnesses是指"身體上的疾病”,這里要改為mentalillnesses

3-yearsofongoingtherapy

詞典釋義：ongoingUK

['???g??.??]

UK

[?-'--]

US

['ɑ：n?go?-]

adjective

ADVANCED

■continuingtoexistordevelop,orhappeningatthe

presentmoment

持續(xù)存在的;不斷發(fā)展的;繼續(xù)進(jìn)行的;進(jìn)行中的?an

ongoing

investigation/process/project持續(xù)進(jìn)行的調(diào)查／持續(xù)的過(guò)程／正在實(shí)施的工程?Noagreementhasyetbeenreachedandthenegotiationsare

still

ongoing.還沒(méi)有達(dá)成任何協(xié)議,談判仍在進(jìn)行.

therapy['θer.?.pi]

noun

countable

or

uncountable

IMPROVER

■atreatmentwhichhelpssomeonefeelbetter,grow

stronger,etc.,especiallyafteranillness

治療;療法

?occupational

therapy職業(yè)療法?speech

therapy言語(yǔ)治療?group

therapy集體治療?Joiningaclubcanbe

a

therapy

for

loneliness.加入俱樂(lè)部可能是消解孤獨(dú)的一種方法.

外刊例句：Special-needs

childrenwillneed

ongoingtherapy

whichmay,ormaynot,befunded.()有特殊需要的孩子得接受常年不斷的治療,而這種治療是否有資金贊助可說(shuō)不準(zhǔn).

替換表達(dá)：treatmentoveralongperiodoftime/yearsofconsistenttherapy

Q：為什么心理咨詢用的是psychiatric(精神的),而精神疾病用的卻是psychological(心理的)?A：psychiatriccounselling/counseling(心理咨詢)是一個(gè)固定名詞,這里可以直接記住.

4.大學(xué)生往往會(huì)比其他人更容易遭受抑郁癥.對(duì)于學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō),不管這一精神疾病是已經(jīng)存在還是潛在會(huì)發(fā)生,為了治療它,學(xué)生需要認(rèn)識(shí)它的癥狀,生活上做出積極的改變,以及愿意從其他人那里尋求幫助.Universitystudentstendto

bemoresusceptibleto

(1.更容易遭受)depressionthanothers.Inordertodealwiththismentaldisorder,whetherexistingorpotential,studentsneedtounderstandits

symptoms(2.癥狀),

makeproactivelifechanges(3.生活上做出積極的改變),andbewillingtoseekhelpfromothers.

1-bemoresusceptibleto

詞典釋義：susceptible

[s?'sep.t?.bl]

adjective

INFLUENCED

受影響的

■easilyinfluencedorharmedbysomething

易受影響的,易受傷害的?Sheisn'tvery

susceptible

to

flattery.她不太聽(tīng)信別人的奉承.?Theseplantsareparticularly

susceptible

to

frost.這些植物很容易受霜凍影響.?Amongparticularly

susceptible

children,the

diseasecandevelopveryfast.在特別易受感染的兒童中,這種疾病會(huì)擴(kuò)展得非常迅速.

外刊例句：Thenatureofthesereactionsmeansepigenetic

processes

aresusceptibleto

chemicalinterventioninawaythatgeneticmutationsarenot.()這些反應(yīng)的本質(zhì)意味著表觀基因遺傳過(guò)程極易受化學(xué)方式干擾,而這種方式卻對(duì)基因突變無(wú)效.

替換表達(dá)：bemorevulnerableto/beproneto

2-symptoms

詞典釋義：symptom['s?mp.t?m]

noun

countable

IMPROVER

■anyfeelingofillnessorphysicalormentalchangewhich

iscausedbyaparticulardisease

(疾病的)癥狀

?He'scomplainingofalltheusualflu

symptoms

-a

hightemperature,headacheandsoon.他抱怨所有常見(jiàn)的感冒癥狀——高燒、頭痛等,都出現(xiàn)在他身上.?He'sbeenHIV-positiveforsixyears,butjustrecently

he'sstartedto

develop

the

symptoms

ofAIDS.他HIV病毒檢測(cè)呈陽(yáng)性反應(yīng)已有六年了,但直到最近才開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)艾滋病的征狀.

外刊例句：Thenetworkhasbeenaccusedofdealingwith

the

symptoms

ofangerinthe

provincesratherthanitscauses.

()(人們)指責(zé)該電視臺(tái)只懂關(guān)注外省人民憤怒的表現(xiàn),而毫不關(guān)心其原因.

3-makeproactivelifechanges

詞典釋義：proactiveUK

[?pr??'?k.t?v]

US

[?pro?-]

adjective