大學(xué)英語（B）（1） 江蘇開放大學(xué)考試資料

I．Vocabulary&Structure單選題（詞匯與結(jié)構(gòu)單選題/單選題）A1.——Howareyougettingalongwithyourstudy?——____________________A.Fine.Whataboutyou?A2.——Peter,_______________?——Nottoobad.A.what’supA3.Marywantedtoavoidrunningdownadogbutran__________abigtreebytheroadside.C.intoA4.Onaverage,asuccessfullawyerhastotalktoseveral______________aday.D.clientsA5.Thisnewmachineistechnicallyfar_______totheprevioustype.A.superiorA6.Climatechangewillgreatly_______wheatandriceproductionifnationsdon’ttakestepsnow.D.reduceA7.WithoutmyglassesIcanhardly________whathasbeenwrittenintheletter.C.makeoutA8.Dogshaveaverygood________ofsmellandareoftenusedtosearchforsurvivorsinanearthquake.A.senseA9.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown__________hegrewupasachild.C.whereA10.Helenhadtoshout________abovethesoundofthemusic.D.tomakeherselfheardA11.ReadingisanexperiencequitedifferentfromwatchingTV;therearepictures_______inyourmindinsteadofbeforeyoureyes.C.formingA12._______makeshisshopdifferentisthatitoffersmorepersonalservices.A.WhatA13.SalesofCDshavegreatlyincreasedsincetheearly1990s,whenpeople________toenjoytheadvantagesofthisnewtechnology.B.beganA14.________tenminutesearlier,youwouldn’thavemissedthetrain.Butyouwerelate.A.HadyoucomeA15.Somanyrepresentatives________,theconferencehadtobeputoff.C.beingabsentII.Cloze完型填空（單選題）Yourbody,whichhascloserelations__A-31__thefoodyoueat,isthemostimportantthingyouown,soitneedsproper__A-32__andpropernourishment(營養(yǎng)).Theoldsaying“Anappleadaykeepsthedoctor__A-33__”isnotassillyassomepeoplethink.Thebodyneeds__A-34__andvegetablesbecausetheycontainvitaminC.Manypeopletakeextravitamins__A-35__pillform,believingthatthesewillmakethemhealthy.Butagood__A-36__ismadeupofnourishingfoodandthisgivesallthevitaminsyouneed.Thebodydoesn’tneedoruseextravitamins,__A-37__whywastemoneyonthem?Inthemodernwesternworld,manypeopleare__A-38__busytobotherabouteatingproperly.Theythrowanythingintotheirstomachs,eatinghurriedlyand__A-39__.Thelistofillnessescausedormadeworsebybadeating__A-40__isfrightening.A-31.Whichoneisthebesttofillintheblank?B.withA-32.Whichoneisthebesttofillintheblank?A.treatmentA-33.Whichoneisthebesttofillintheblank?C.awayA-34.Whichoneisthebesttofillintheblank?D.fruitsA-35.Whichoneisthebesttofillintheblank?D.inA-36.Whichoneisthebesttofillintheblank?A.dietA-37.Whichoneisthebesttofillintheblank?C.soA-38.Whichoneisthebesttofillintheblank?B.tooA-39.Whichoneisthebesttofillintheblank?C.carelesslyA-40.Whichoneisthebesttofillintheblank?A.habitsIII.Translation英譯漢（單選題）A-41.Itispossiblethatyourcompanyisfacingdifficultiesofwhichwearenotaware.A.可能你公司正面臨一些我們不了解的困難。A-42.Thedirectorisdisappointedbecausehehasnotfoundanyoneintheapplicantswhoisparticularlyqualifiedforthisjob.D.主任很失望，因?yàn)樗€沒在求職者中找到特別有資格做這項(xiàng)工作的人。A-43.Webelievethatqualityisthesoulofanenterprise,whichisthereasonwhyweattachgreatimportancetoqualitycontrol.C.我們相信質(zhì)量是企業(yè)的靈魂，所以我們高度重視質(zhì)量控制。A-44.Inadditiontohismajor,Johnhadtakenupsomecoursesoneconomicsincollegesothathecouldfindagoodjobaftergraduation.A.除所學(xué)的專業(yè)外，約翰在大學(xué)還選修了一些經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)課程，以便畢業(yè)后能找到一份好工作。A-45.Ifthedeliverytimeindicatedis14days,thegoodswillbesenttoyouwithinthistimeregardlessofwhentheorderisplaced.B.如果交貨時(shí)間顯示的是14天，無論何時(shí)訂貨，貨物都將在14天內(nèi)送達(dá)你處。IV.ReadingComprehension閱讀理解（綜合題）（共15小題；每小題2分，共30分）A-PassageOneTheAlphaGoprogram’svictoryisanexampleofhowsmartcomputershavebecome.Butcanartificialintelligence(AI)machinesactethically,meaningcantheybehonestandfair?OneexampleofAIisdriverlesscars.TheyarealreadyonCaliforniaroads,soitisnottoosoontoaskwhetherwecanprogramamachinetoactethically.Asdriverlesscarsimprove,theywillsavelives.Theywillmakefewermistakesthanhumandriversdo.Sometimes,however,theywillfaceachoicebetweenlives.Shouldthecarsbeprogrammedtoavoidhittingachildrunningacrosstheroad,evenifthatwillputtheirpassengersatrisk?Whataboutmakingasuddenturntoavoidadog?Whatiftheonlyriskisdamagetothecaritself,nottothepassengers?Perhapstherewillbelessonstolearnfromdriverlesscars,buttheyarenotsuper-intelligentbeings.Teachingethicstoamachineevenmoreintelligentthanwearewillbethebiggerchallenge.AboutthesametimeasAlphaGo’striumph,Microsoft’s‘chatbot’tookabadturn.Thesoftware,namedTaylor,wasdesignedtoanswermessagesfrompeopleaged18-24.Taylorwassupposedtobeabletolearnfromthemessagesshereceived.Shewasdesignedtoslowlyimproveherabilitytohandleconversations,butsomepeoplewereteachingTaylorracistideas.WhenshestartedsayingnicethingsaboutHitler,Microsoftturnedheroffanddeletedherugliestmessages.AlphaGo’svictoryandTaylor’sdefeathappenedataboutthesametime.Thisshouldbeawarningtous.ItisonethingtouseAIwithinagamewithclearrulesandcleargoals.ItissomethingverydifferenttuseAIintherealworld.Theunpredictabilityoftherealworldmaybringtothesurfaceatroublingsoftwareproblem.EricSchmidtisoneofthebossesofGoogle,whichownsAlphaGo.HethinksAIwillbepositiveforhumans.Hesaidpeoplewillbethewinner,whatevertheoutcome.AdvancesinAIwillmakehumanbeingssmarter,moreableand“justbetterhumanbeings.”1.WhatdoestheauthorwanttoshowwiththeexampleofAlphaGo’svictory?D)Computerscanbecomehighlyintelligent.2.WhatdoestheauthormeanbyAImachinesactingethically?C)Theymakesensibledecisionswhenfacingmoraldilemmas.3.WhatissaidtobethebiggerchallengefacinghumansintheAIage?B)Howtoensurethatsuper-intelligentAImachinesactethically.4.WhatdowelearnaboutMicrosoft’s‘chatbot’Taylor?A)Shecouldnotdistinguishgoodfrombad.5.WhatdoesEricSchmidtthinkofartificialintelligence?C)Itwillprovetobeanassettohumanbeings.A-PassageTwo閱讀所給材料。短文后有5個(gè)問題，請從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Roughlythesizeofasodacan,sittingonabookshelf,arelativelyharmlessgadgetmaybeturninfriendsawayfromyourhome.TheelephantinyourlivingroomisyourInternet-connectedsecuritycamera,adevicepeopleareincreasinglyusingforpeaceofmindintheirhomes.Butfewstoptothinkabouttheeffectthesedevicesmayhaveonhouseguests.Shouldyoutellyourfriends,forinstance,thatthey’rebeingrecordedwhileyouallwatchthebiggametogether?“It’scertainlynewterritory,especiallyashomesecuritycamerasbecomeeasiertoinstall,”saysLizziePost,presidentoftheEmilyPostInstitute,America’sforemostmannersadvisors.“Ithinkitwillbeveryinterestingtoseewhatetiquette(禮儀)emergesintermsofwhetheryoutellpeopleyouhaveacameraornot,andwhetherguestshavearighttoaskthatitbeturnedoff,ifit’snotasecurityissue.“Postwantstomakeclearthatshe’snottalkingaboutlegalrights,butratherpersonalpreferences.Shealsowantstoexplainthattherearenorightorwronganswersregardingmannersonthisfrontyet,becausethetechnologyisjustnowbecomingmainstream.Besides,theEmilyPostInstitutedoesn’tdictatemanners.Whenitcomestosecuritycameras,Postsaysit’sahost’sresponsibilitytomakesureguestsfeelcomfortablewithintheirhome.”I’malwaysafanofbeingopenandhonest.”Forinstance,ifthehostcasuallyacknowledgesthatthereisacameraintheroombytellingastoryaboutit,thatmaybeenoughtoprovideanopeningforaguesttosayiftheyareuncomfortable.However,ifacontractorisworkinginyourhome,youdon’tneedtotellthemthattherearecameraswatching.Thenagain,theairofaccountabilitythatthecamerageneratescanalsoworkincontractors’favor.”Ifanythingdoesgowrongwhilethey’reinthehouse,theydon’twanttobeblamedforit,”shesays.”Infact,thecameracouldbethethingthatprovesthattheydidn’tstealthe$20,orknockthevaseoffthetable.”1.Forwhatreasonmayyourfriendsfeelreluctanttovisityourhome?A)Thesecuritycamerainstalledmayintrudeintotheirprivacy.B2.WhatdoesLizziePostsayisnewterritory?D)Etiquettearoundhomesecuritycameras.3.WhatisLizziePostmainlydiscussingwithregardtotheuseofhomesecuritycameras?C)Likesanddislikesofindividuals.4.Whatisahost’sresponsibilityregardingsecuritycameras,accordingtoLizziePost?A)Makingtheirguestsfeelatease.5.Inwhatwaycanthehomesecuritycamerabenefitvisitorstoyourhome?B)Itcanprovetheirinnocence.A-PassageThree閱讀所給材料。短文后有5個(gè)問題,請從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。PepsiCoistospendbillionsofdollarstodevelopdrinksandsnacksandreformulateexistingoneswithlowersugar,saltandfat,asconsumersdemandhealthieroptionsandregulatorypressureintensifiesamidanobesityepidemic（流行?。?ThemakerofMountainDewandGatoradehasbeenoneoftheearliermoversintheindustrytoofferproductswithreducedlevelsofunhealthyingredients-PepsiCoclaimsapacketofitschipsnowcontainslesssaltthanasliceofwhitebread.However,itsnew10-yearplanmakesclearitbelievesitstillhasalongwaytogo.Shiftingeatinghabits,includingasharpdropinconsumptionofsparklingdrinks,haveforcedradicalchangeontheindustry.Butthoseshiftshaveyettobereflectedinrecordobesitylevels,whichstandat36.5%overallintheUS.IndraNooyi,PepsiCochairman,saidtheplantomakeitsproductshealthierwasimportantforthecompany’sgrowth.Butonthesubjectofobesity,shepointedoutthatconsumers’lifestyleshavechangedsignificantly,withmanypeoplebeingmoresedentary(久坐不動(dòng)的)notleastbecausemoretimeisspentinfrontofcomputers.ShesaidPepsiCo’scontributionwastoproducehealthiersnacksthatstilltastedgood.“Societyhastochangeitshabits,”sheadded.”Wecan’tdomuchtoaltersedentarylifestyles,butwecanprovideconsumerswithgreat-tastingproducts,lowinsalt,sugarandfat.Inthepastwehadtohaveatastetrade-off.Butwe’rebreakingthattrade-off.”PepsiCo’splanforitsfoodsanddrinksisbasedonguidelinesfromtheWorldHealthOrganization,whichlastweekbackedusingtaxesonsparklingdrinkstoreducesugarconsumption.Initiativesalsoincludeeffortstoreduceitsenvironmentalimpact,waterconsumptionandmaterialsusedinpackagingby2025.PepsiCodidnotsayexactlyhowmuchitplannedtoinvesttoreachitsgoals.However,DrMehmoodKhan,chiefscientificofficer,saidthecompanyhaddoubledresearchanddevelopmentspendinginthepastfiveyearsandwas“committedtosustaininginvestment”,addingthatcompaniescannotcost-cuttheirwaytoincreasingsales.PepsiCo’sresearchanddevelopmentbudgetin2015was$754million.1.WhyisPepsiComakingapolicychange?C)Tosatisfythegrowingneedsforhealthyfoods.2.WhatdoesPepsiCothinkitwillhavetodointhefuture?D)Keeponimprovingitsproducts.3.WhydoesPepsiCoplantoalteritsproducts,accordingtoIndraNooyi?A)Toensurethecompany’sfuturedevelopment.4.WhatdoesIndraNooyisayabouttheobesityepidemic?C)Itisattributabletopeople’schangedlifestyles.5.WhathasPepsiCobeendoingtoachieveitsobjective?B)Increasingitsresearchfunding.V.Writing寫作（滿分10分）A-46-2Directions:Forthispart,writeashortessayonthetopicofOnlineShopping?Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.1.現(xiàn)在網(wǎng)上購物已成為一種時(shí)尚;2.網(wǎng)上購物有很多好處，但也有不少問題;3.我的建議OpenI．Vocabulary&Structure單選題（詞匯與結(jié)構(gòu)單選題/單選題）B-1.——Howareyoufeeling?——Muchbetter.__________D.Thanksforcomingtoseeme.B-2.——Couldyoubesokindastoturndownthemusic?I’mpreparingforfinalexam.——__________D.Sure.I’msorrytodisturbyou.B-3.It’snormalthateveryonefailseverynowandthen.Itishowyoureactthatmakesa__________.B.differenceB-4.Youshouldtakethemedicinenow.Itwill__________youpaininyourstomach.D.relieveB-5.Didyou__________heroffer?I’mafraidshewillbedisappointed.C.turndownB-6.NeitherPeter__________hisfatherwasabletowakeupearlyenoughtohavebreakfast.A.norB-7.——Whatwillyoubuyforyourmother’sbirthday?——Iwanttobuya__________walletforhim.B.smallredleatherB-8.IhavetoleaveforLondontoattendameeting.I’llbebackin__________days.D.afewB-9.Whenwereceivethegoodsyoureturntous,you__________afullrefundwithaweek.D.willgetB-10.ThenewstaffresignedlastMondayafter__________toworkovertime.B.beingaskedB-11.Itwasthesesmalldifferences__________finallyledhimtobesuccessful.A.thatB-12.Onlyafterhisfathersawthetraindisappearinsight__________therailwaystation.D.didheleaveB-13.Thecompanyhasdecidedtodonatefundstocharities,__________helpstopromoteitsimage.D.whichB-14.Youngpeoplearesharingmoreinformationaboutthemselvesonsocialmediasitesnowthanthey__________inthepast.D.didB-15.Mybossrefusedtogivemeapayrise,nomatter__________hardIworked.A.howII.Cloze完型填空（單選題）（共10小題；每小題2分，共20分）Charliecamefromapoorvillage.Hisparentshad_B-31__moneytosendhimtoschoolwhenhewasyoung.Theboywasverysad.Mr.Kinglivednexttohim.Hefoundtheboy__B-32__andhadpityonhimandlentsomemoneytohim.Sotheboycouldgotoschool.Hestudiedhardand__B-33__allhislessons.Whenhefinishedmiddleschool,themanintroducedhimtohisfriendinthetown.Andhebegantowork.OnceMr.Kingwasseriouslyhurtinanaccident.Dying,heaskedCharlietotakecareofhisdaughter,Sharon.Theyoungman__B-34__andseveralyearslaterhemarriedthegirl.Helovedherverymuchandtriedhisbesttomakeherhappy.Heoftenboughtbeautifulclothesanddeliciousfoodforher.Hewasgoodatcookingandhecooked__B-35__forher.Soshebecameveryfatandshefeltitdifficulttowalk.Andonedayshefoundtherewassomethingwrongwithherheart.Herhusbandwasn’tathomeandshehadtogoto__B-36__atonce.Thedoctorslookedheroverandtoldher__B-37__eatmeat,sugar,chocolateandthingslikethese.Shewasafraid__B-38__thedoctor’swordsandwroteallthenamesofthefoodonthepaper.Whenshegothome,sheputthelistonthetableand__B-39__.Whenshereturnedhomethatafternoon,shefoundmanykindsoffood:meat,sugarandchocolateinthekitchen.Charliewasbusy__B-40__there.Assoonashesawher,hesaidhappily,“I’veboughtallthefoodyoulike,dear!”B-31.Whichoneisthebesttofillintheblank?A.noB-32.Whichoneisthebesttofillintheblank?B.cleverB-33.Whichoneisthebesttofillintheblank?A.didwellinB-34.Whichoneisthebesttofillintheblank?C.AgreedB-35.Whichoneisthebesttofillintheblank?D.alotB-36.Whichoneisthebesttofillintheblank?C.hospitalB-37.Whichoneisthebesttofillintheblank?D.nottoB-38.Whichoneisthebesttofillintheblank?B.toforgetB-39.Whichoneisthebesttofillintheblank?B.wentoutB-40.Whichoneisthebesttofillintheblank?C.cookingIII.Translation英譯漢B-41.Sheboughtseveralclothesshopsandpreparedtobuildupachain.B.她買下了幾家服裝店，并且準(zhǔn)備建立連鎖店。B-42.Comparedwiththedevelopedcountries,someAfricancountriesareleftfarbehindintermsofpeople’slivingstandard.A.與發(fā)達(dá)國家相比，一些非洲國家在人民生活水平上還相差甚遠(yuǎn)。B-43.Nomatterhowlongorshorttheletteris,whatreallycountsisthatit’sheart-warming.C.信的長短無所謂，關(guān)鍵是它能溫暖人心。B-44.Electroniccomputers,whichhavemanyadvantages,cannotcarryoutcreativeworkandreplaceman.D.盡管電子計(jì)算機(jī)有許多優(yōu)點(diǎn)，可是它不能進(jìn)行創(chuàng)造性工作．也不能代替人類。B-45.Itmustbeadmittedthatagooddealofdissatisfactionisreflectedinthosereport.B.必須承認(rèn)，這些報(bào)道反應(yīng)了很多不滿情緒。IV.ReadingComprehension閱讀理解（綜合題）（共15小題；每小題2分，共30分）B-PassageOne閱讀所給材料。短文后有5個(gè)問題，請從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Thelatestincatresearchrevealsthatthelovelyanimalseemstohaveabasicgrasponboththelawsofphysicsandtheinsandoutsofcauseandeffect.Accordingtoanewlypublishedstudy,catsseemtobeabletopredictthelocationofhidingprey（獵物）usingboththeirearsandaninborn（天生的）understandingoffhowthephysicalworldworks.Inarecentexperiment,Japaneseresearcherstaped30domesticcatsreactingtoacontainerthatateammembershook.Somecontainersrattled（發(fā)出響聲）;othersdidnot.Whenthecontainerwastippedover,sometimesanobjectfelloutandsometimesitdidn’t.Itturnsoutthatthecatswereremarkablysmartaboutwhatwouldhappenwhenacontainerwastippedover.Whenanobjectdidnotdropoutofthebottomofarattlingcontainer,theylookedatitforalongertimethantheydidwhenthecontainerbehavedasexpected.“Catsuseacausal-logicalunderstandingofnoiseorsoundstopredicttheappearanceofinvisibleobjects,”leadresearcherSahoTakagisaysinapressrelease.Theresearchersconcludethatcats’huntingstylemayhavedevelopedbasedontheircommon-senseabilitiestoinferwherepreyis,usingtheirhearing.Scientistshaveexploredthisideawithotherendearingcreatures:babies.Likecats,babiesappeartoengageinwhat’scalled“preferentiallooking”lookinglongeratthingsthatareinterestingorunusualthanthingstheyperceiveasnormal.Whenbabies’expectationsareviolatedinexperimentsliketheonesperformedwiththecats,theyreactmuchliketheiranimalfriends.Psychologistshaveshownthatbabiesapparentlyexpecttheirworldtocomplywiththelawsofphysicsandcauseandeffectasearlyastwomonthsofage.Doesthestudymeanthatcatswillsoongrasptheinsandoutsofcauseandeffect?Maybe.Okay,socatsmaynotbethenextphysicsfacultymembersatAmerica’smostimportantresearchuniversities.Butbydemonstratingtheircommonsense,they’veshownthatthedividebetweencatsandhumansmaynotbethatgreatafterall.1.Whatdowelearnfromanewlypublishedstudyaboutcats?C)Theyhaveanaturalabilitytolocateanimalstheyhunt.2.Whatmayaccountforthecats’responsetothenoisefromthecontainers?D)Theirmasteryofcauseandeffect.3.Whatischaracteristicofthewaycatshunt,accordingtotheJapaneseresearchers?B)Theyrelymainlyontheirhearing.4.Inwhatwaydobabiesbehavelikecats?A)Theyfocusonwhatappearsodd.5.Whatcanweconcludeaboutcatsfromthepassage?B)Theyinteractwiththephysicalworldmuchlikehumans.B-PassageTwo閱讀所給材料。短文后有5個(gè)問題，請從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Imagineyouenteracarwithnosteeringwheel,nobrakeoracceleratorpedals（踏板）.Underavoice-activatedcommand,yousayanaddress.“Thefastestroutewilltakeus15.3minutes.ShouldItakeit?”Yousay“yes”andyouareonyourway.Thecarrespondsandstartsmovingallbyitself.Allyouhavetodoissitbackandrelax.Howweirdwoulditbeif,onedayinthefuture,everyonehadsuchacar?Nocrazydriving,noinsults,nocuttingin;trafficlawswouldberespectedanddrivingmuchsafer.Ontheotherhand,imaginethecostsavingsforlocalpoliceenforcementandtownbudgetswithoutallthosespeedingandparkingtickets.Anewtechnologyhasthepotentialtochangemodernsocietyinradicalways.There’snoquestionthatself-drivingvehiclescouldbeanenormousbenefit.Thepotentialforsafercarsmeansaccidentstatisticswoulddrop:some94%ofroadaccidentsintheU.S.involvehumanerror.Olderdriversandvisually-orphysically-impairedpeoplewouldgainanewleveloffreedom.Maintainingsafespeedsandbeingelectric,self-drivingcarswoulddrasticallyreducepollutionlevelsanddependencyonnon-renewablefuels.Roadswouldbequieter,peoplesafer.Butwemustalsoconsidertheimpactofthenewtechnologyonthosewhonowdependondrivingfortheirlivelihoods.AccordingtotheU.S.DepartmentofLabor,inMay2020therewere505,560registeredschoolbusdrivers.TheAmericanTruckingAssociationlistsapproximately3.5millionprofessionaltruckdriversintheU.S.Thecompaniesdevelopingself-drivingvehiclesshouldbepartneringwithstateandfederalauthoritiestoofferretrainingforthismassiveworkforce,manyofwhomwillbedisplacedbythenewtechnology.Thisissimilartowhat’shappeninginthecoalandoilindustries,asituationthatfuelsmuchofthecurrentpoliticaldiscontentinthiscountry.Newtechnologieswill,andshould,bedeveloped.Thisishowsocietymovesforward.However,progresscan’tbeone-sided.Itisnecessaryforthecompaniesandstateagenciesinvolvedtoconsiderethicalconsequencesofthesepotentialchangestobuildabetterfutureforall.1.Whatwouldbetheimpactoftheextensiveuseofdriverlesscars?B)Itwouldsavelocalgovernmentsalotofmoney.2.Howwouldtheelderlyandthedisabledbenefitfromdriverlesscars?A)Theycouldenjoygreatermobility.3.Whatwouldbethenegativeimpactofdriverlesscars?D)Numerousprofessionaldriverswouldhavetofindnewwaysofearningaliving.4.Whatistheresultoftheintroductionofnewtechnologiesinenergyindustries?A)Politicaldissatisfaction.5.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestbusinessesandthegovernmentdo?C)Enableeveryonetobenefitfromnewtechnologies.B-PassageThree閱讀所給材料。短文后有5個(gè)問題,請從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Whydosomepeoplelivetobeolderthanothers?Youknowthestandardexplanations:keepingamoderatediet,engaginginregularexercise,etc.Butwhateffectdoesyourpersonalityhaveonyourlongevity（長壽）?Dosomekindsofpersonalitiesleadtolongerlives?AnewstudyintheJournaloftheAmericanGeriatricsSocietylookedatthisquestionbyexaminingthepersonalitycharacteristicsof246childrenofpeoplewhohadlivedtobeatleast100.Thestudyshowsthatthoselivingthelongestaremoreoutgoing,moreactiveandlessneurotic（神經(jīng)質(zhì)的）thanotherpeople.Long-livingwomenarealsomorelikelytobesympatheticandcooperativethanwomenwithanormallifespan.Thesefindingsareinagreementwithwhatyouwouldexpectfromtheevolutionarytheory:thosewholiketomakefriendsandhelpotherscangatherenoughresourcestomakeitthroughtoughtimes.Interestingly,however,othercharacteristicsthatyoumightconsideradvantageoushadnoimpactonwhetherstudyparticipantswerelikelytolivelonger.Thosewhoweremoreself-disciplined,forinstance,werenomorelikelytolivetobeveryold.Also,beingopentonewideashadnorelationshiptolonglife,whichmightexplainallthosebad-temperedoldpeoplewhoarefixedintheirways.Whetheryoucansuccessfullychangeyourpersonalityasanadultisthesubjectofalongstandingpsychologicaldebate.Butthenewpapersuggeststhatifyouwantlonglife,youshouldstrivetobeasoutgoingaspossible.Unfortunately,anotherrecentstudyshowsthatyourmother’spersonalitymayalsohelpdetermineyourlongevity.Thatstudylookedatnearly28,000Norwegianmothersandfoundthatthosemomswhoweremoreanxious,depressedandangryweremorelikelytofeedtheirkidsunhealthydiets.Patternsofchildhoodeatingcanbehardtobreakwhenwe’readults,whichmaymeanthatkidsofdepressedmomsendupdyingyounger.Personalityisn’tdestiny（命運(yùn)）,andeveryoneknowsthatindividualscanlearntochange.Butbothstudiesshowthatlonglifeisn’tjustamatterofyourphysicalhealthbutofyourmentalhealth.1.TheaimofthestudyintheJournaloftheAmericanGeriatricsSocietyis_____.A)toseewhetherpeople’spersonalityaffectstheirlifespan2.Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutoutgoingandsympatheticpeople?D)Theyaremorelikelytogetoverhardship.3.Whatfindingofthestudymightprovesomewhatoutofourexpectation?C)Suchpersonalitycharacteristicsasself-disciplinehavenoeffectonlongevity.4.WhatdoestherecentstudyofNorwegianmothersshow?D)Mothers’negativepersonalitycharacteristicsmayaffecttheirchildren’slifespan.5.Whatcanwelearnfromthefindingsofthetwonewstudies?B)Longevityresultsfromacombinationofmentalandphysicalhealth.I．Vocabulary&Structure單選題C-1.——Thiscaseistooheavyformetocarryupstairs.——__________B.Letmegiveyouahand.C-2.——Shallwesituphereonthegrassordowntherenearthewater?——__________A.I’dratherstayhereifyoudon’tmind.C-3.Asuccessfullawyerusuallyhastotalktoseveral__________aday.D.clientsC-4.Itdoesn’tmatterwherethecompaniesgettheirmoney;what__________iswhattheydowithit.A.countsC-5.Somedevelopedcountriesaretryingto__________theproblemsresultingfromtheenergycrisis.B.dealwithC-6.IfanyonehappenstodropinwhileIamout,__________himorherleaveamessage.A.haveC-7.__________thegoldmedalhereceivedasumofmoney.C.BesidesC-8.Eggs,thoughrichinnourishment,have__________fat.C.alargeamountofC-9.Mostpeopleweregreatlyshockedbythenews__________thefamouscompanyhadgonebankrupt.B.thatC-10.IwouldprobablytrytofindabetterjobifI__________inyourposition.C.wereC-11.__________salariesmaynotbesatisfactory,workingasanassistantdoeshavesomeotherbenefits.B.WhileC-12.Oneofthedifficulttasksofmanagersis__________howtoengagetheiremployees.A.tofigureoutC-13.Youneedtoconsidereitherapaidorvolunteerbridgejobwhile__________full-timework.D.seekingC-14.Sincethebeginningoflastyear,theseregulations__________inmostworkplacesacrossthecity.C.haveintroducedC-15.Ihadtowaitforanothermonthtobeabletohavemyairconditioner__________.D.fixedII.Cloze完型填空（單選題）WhydoIwanttogotocollege?Noonehaseveraskedme__C-31_aquestion.ButmanytimesIhaveaskedmyself.Ihave__C-32__awholevarietyofreasons.__C-33__importantreasonisthatIwanttobeabetterman.Manythingsmakehumanbeingsdifferent__C-34__orbetterthanorevensuperiortoanimals.Oneofthemostimportantthingsis__C-35__.IfIfailtoreceivehighereducation,myeducation__C-36__.AsIwanttobeafully__C-37__man,Imustgetawell-roundededucation,whichgoodcollegesanduniversitiesaresupposedto__C-38__.Iknowonecangeteducatedinmanyways,butcollegesanduniversitiesare__C-39__thebestplacestoteachmehowtoeducatemyse