2018年考研英語（二）真題及答案

2018年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語(二)

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreach

numberedblankandmark

A,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

WhydopeoplereadnegativeInternetcommentsanddoother

thingsthatwill

obviouslybepainful?Becausehumanshaveaninherent

needto___1_uncertainty,

accordingtoarecentstudyinPsychologicalScience.Thenew

researchrevealsthat

theneedtoknowissostrongthatpeoplewill___2tosati

sfytheircuriosityeven

whenitisdleartheanswerwill___3_.

Inaseriesoffourexperiments,behavioralscientistsat

theUniversityofChicago

BoothSchoolofBusinessandtheWisconsinSchoolofBusiness

testedstudents，

willingnessto___4_themselvestounpleasantstimuliinan

efforttosatisfy

curiosity.Forone___5_,eachparticipantwasshownapile

ofpensthatthe

researcherclaimedwerefromapreviousexperiment.Thetwist?

Halfofthepens

would_6_anelectricshockwhenclicked.

Twenty-sevenstudentsweretoldwhichpenswererigged,

anothertwenty-seven

weretoldonlythatsomewereelectrified___7_leftalonein

theroom,thestudents

whodidnotknowwhichoneswouldshockthemclickedmorepens

andincurred

morejoltsthanthestudentswhoknewwhatwould_8—.

Subsequentexperiments

replicatedthiseffectwithotherstimuli,_9_thesoundof

fingernailsona

chalkboardandphotographsofdisgustinginsects.

Thedriveto___10__isdeeplyingrainedinhumans,muchthe

sameasthe

basicdrives___11_orshelter,saysChristopherHseeofthe

UniversityofChicago,

aco-authorofthepaper.Curiosityisoftenconsideredagood

instinct--itcan___12_

newscientificadvances,forinstance-butsometimes

such_13____canbackfire.Theinsightthatcuriositycan

driveyoutodo14____thingsisaprofoundone.

Unhealthycuriosityispossibleto15___,however.In

afinalexperiment,

participantswhowereencouragedto___16_howtheywouldfeel

afterviewingan

unpleasantpicturewerelesslikelyto___17toseesuch

animage.Theseresults

suggestthatimaginingthe_18—offollowingthroughonone*s

curiosityaheadof

timecanhelpdetermine_19—itisworththeendeavor.

“Thinkingabout

long-term___20_iskeytomitigatingthepossiblenegative

effectsofcuriosity,

Hseesays.Inotherwords,don，treadonlinecomments.

1.A.ignoreB.protectC.discussD.resolve

2.A.refuseB.seekC.waitD.regret

3.A.riseB.lastC.hurtD.mislead

4.A.alertB.exposeC.tieD.treat

5.A.trialB.messageC.reviewD.concept

6.A.removeB.deliverC.weakenD.interrupt

Text1

ItiscuriousthatStephenKoziatekfeelsalmostasthough

hehastojustifyhis

effortstogivehisstudentsabetterfuture.

Mr.Koziatekispartofsormethingpioneering.Heisateacher

ataNew

Hampshirehighschoolwherelearningisnotsormethingofbooks

andtestsandrotememorization,butpractical,reportsstaff

writerStacyTeicherKhadaroointhisweek'scoverstory.When

diditbecormeacceptedwisdomthatstudentsshouldbeable

tonarmethe13thpresidentoftheUnitedStatesbutbeutterly

bamboozledbyabustedbikechain?

AsKoziatekknows,thereislearninginjustabout

everything.Nothingis

necessarilygainedbyforcingstudentstolearngeormetryat

agraffitieddeskstuckwithgenerationsofdiscarded

chewinggurn.Theycanalsolearngeometrybyassermblinga

bicycle.

Buthe，salsofoundakindofinsidiousprejudice.Working

withyourhandsisseenasalmostamarkofinferiority.

Schoolsinthefamilyofvocationaleducation

“havethatstereotype...thatit'sforkidswhocan，tmakeit

academically,，zhesays.

Ononehand,thatviewpointisalogicalproductof

America，sevolution.

Manufacturingisnottheeconomicenginethatitoncewas.The

jobsecuritythattheUSeconomyonceofferedtohighschool

graduateshaslargelyevaporated.Moreeducationisthenew

mantra.Wewantmoreforourkids,andrightfullyso.

Buttheheadlongpushintobachelor，sdegreesforall-

andthesubtledevaluingofanythingless-missesan

importantpoint:That*snottheonlythingtheAmerican

economyneeds.Yes,abachelor，sdegreeopensmoredoors.But

evennow,54percentofthejobsinthecountry

arermiddle-ski11job,suchasconstructionandhigh-skill

manufacturing.Butonly44percentofworkersareadequately

trained.

Inotherwords,atatimewhentheworkingclasshasturned

thecountryonits

politicalhead,frustratedthattheopportunitythatonce

definedAmericaisvanishing,oneobvioussolutionis

staringusintheface.Thereisagapinworking-classjobs,

buttheworkerswhoneedthosejobsmostaren，teguippedto

dothermKoziatek，sManchesterSchoolofTechnologyHigh

Schoolistryingtofillthatgap.

Koziatek，sschooliswake-upcall.Wheneducationbecomes

one-size-fits-all,it

risksoverlookinganation'sdiversityofgifts.

21.Abrokenbikechainismentionedtoshowstudent，slackof.

A.acadermictraining

B.practicalability

C.pioneeringspirit

D.mechanicalmermorizetion

22.Thereexiststheprejudicethatvocationaleducationisfor

kidswho.

A.haveastereotypedmind

B.havenocareermotivation

C.arefinanciallydisadvantaged

D.arenotacadermicallysuccessful

23.WecaninferfrormParagraph5thathighschoolgraduates.

A.usedtohavermorejobopportunities

B.usedtohavebigfinancialconcerns

C.areentitledtomoreeducationalprivileges

D.arereluctanttoworkinmanufacturing

24.Theheadlongpushintobachelorsdegreesforall.

A.helpscreatealotofmiddle-classjobs

B.maynarrowthegapinworking-classjobs

C.indicatestheovervaluingofhighereducation

D.isexpectedtoyieldabetter-trainedwirkforce

25.Theauthor，sattitudetowardKoziatek，sschoolcanbe

describedas.

A.tolerant

B.cautious

C.supportive

D.disappointed

Text2

Whilefossilfuels-coal,oil,gas-stillgenerate

roughly85percentoftheworld，senergysupply,it'sdlearer

thaneverthatthefuturebelongstorenewablesources

suchaswindandsolar.Themovetorenewableispickingup

momenturmaroundtheworld:Theynowaccountformorethan

halfofnewpowersourcesgoingonline.

Somegrowthstemfromacommitmentbygovernmentsand

farsighted

businessestofundcleanerenergysources.Butincreasinglythe

storyisaboutthe

plurmmetingpricesofrenewables,especiallywindandsolar.The

costofsolarpanelshasdroppedby80percentandthecost

ofwindturbinesbyclosetoone-thirdinthepasteight

years.

Inmanypartsoftheworldrenewableenergyisalready

aprincipalenergy

source.InScotland,forexample,windturbinesprovideenough

electricitytopower95percentofhormes.Whiletherestof

theworldtakesthelead,notablyChinaandEurope,the

UnitedStatesisalsoseeingarermarkableshift.InMarch,for

thefirsttime,windandsolarpoweraccountedformorethan

10percentofthepowergeneratedintheUS,reportedtheUS

EnergyInformationAdministration.

PresidentTruiriphasunderlinedfossilfuels

especiallycoal-asthepathto

economicgrowth.InarecentspeechinIowa,hedismissedwind

powerasan

unreliableenergysource.Butthatmessagedidnotplaywell

withmanyinIowa,

wherewindturbinesdotthefieldsandprovide36percentof

thestate，selectricity

generation-andwheretechgiantslikeMicrosoftarebeing

attractedbythe

availabilityofcleanenergytopowertheirdatacenters.

Thequestion〃whathappenswhenthewinddoesn，tblow

orthesundoesn，tsshine?”hasprovidedaquickput-downfor

skeptics.Butaboostinthestorage

capacityofbatteriesismakingtheirabilitytokeeppower

flowingaroundtheclockrmorelikely.Theadvanceis

driveninpartbyvehiclemanufacturers,whoareplacingbig

bets

onbattery-poweredvehicles.Althoughelectriccarsarestill

ararityonroadsnow

thismassiveinvestrmentcouldchangethepicturerapidlyin

cormingyears.

Whilethere，salongwaytogo,thetrendlinesfor

renewablesarespiking.Thepaceofchangeinenergysources

appearstobespeedingup-perhapsjustintimetohavea

meaningfuleffectinshowingclimatechange.WhatWashington

does-ordoesn，tdo-topromotealternativeenergymaymean

lessandlessatatimeofaglobalshiftinthought.

26.Theword〃plumrmeting〃(Line3,Para.2)isclosestin

meaningto___.

A.stabilizing

B.changing

C.falling

D.rising

27.AccordingtoParagraph3,theuseofrenewableenergyin

Armerica.

A.isprogressingnotably

B.isasextensiveasinEurope

C.facesmanychallenges

D.hasprovedtobeimpractical

28.ItcanbelearnedthatinIowa,.

A.windisawidelyusedenergysource.

B.windenergyhasreplacedfossilfuels

C.techgiantsareinvestingincleanenergy

D.thereisashortageofcleanenergysupply

29.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutdleanenergyaccording

toParagraphs5&6?

A.Itsapplicationhasboostedbatterystorage.

B.Itiscommonlyusedincarmanufacturing.

C.Itscontinuoussupplyisbecormingareality.

D.Itssustainableexploitationwi11remaindifficult.

30.Itcanbeinferredfrormthelastparagraphthatrenewable

energy.

A.willbringtheUSclosertoothercountries

B.willaccelerateglobalenvironmentalchange

C.isnotreallyencouragedbytheUSgovernment

D.isnotcormpetitiveenoughwithregardtoitscost

Text3

Thepowerandambitionofthegiantsofthedigitaleconomy

isastonishing-

Amazonhasjustannouncedthepurchaseoftheupmarketgrocery

chainWholeFoods

for$13.5bn,buttwoyearsagoFacebookpaidevenmorethanthat

toacquirethe

WhatsAppmessagingservice,whichdoesn，thaveanyphysical

productatall.What

WhatsAppofferedFacebookwasanintricateandfinelydetailed

webofitsusers'

friendshipsandsociallives.

FacebookpromisedtheEuropeancommissionthenthatitwould

notlinkphone

numberstoFacebookidentities,butitbrokethepromisealmost

assoonasthedeal

wentthrough.Evenwithoutknowingwhatwasinthemessages,

theknowledgeof

whosentthemandtowaomwasenormouslyrevealingandstill

couldbe.What

politicaljournalist,whatpartywhip,wouldnotwanttoknow

themakeupofthe

WhatsAppgroupsinwhichTheresaMay'senemiesarecurrently

plotting?Itmaybe

thatthevaluetoAmazonisnotsomuchthe460shopsitowns,

buttherecordsof

whichcustomershavepurchasedwhat.

Competitionlawappearstobetheonlywaytoaddress

theseimbalancesof

power.Butitisclumsy.Foronething,itisveryslowcompared

tothepaceofchangewithinthedigitaleconomy.Bythetime

aproblemhasbeenaddressedandremedieditmayhave

vanishedinthemarketplace,tobereplacedbynewabusesof

power.Butthereisadeeperconceptualproblem,too.

Competitionlawaspresentlyinterpreteddealswith

financialdisadvantagetoconsumersandthisisnotobvious

whentheusersoftheseservicesdon，tpayforthem.Theusers

oftheirservicesarenottheircustomers.Thatwouldbethe

peoplewhobuyadvertisingfromthem-andFacebookand

Google,thetwovirtualgiants,dominatedigitaladvertising

tothedisadvantageofallothermediaandentertainment

companies.

Theproductthey5resellingisdata,andwe,theusers,

convertourlivestodata

forthebenefitofthedigitalgiants.Justassomeantsfarm

thebugscalledaphidsforthehoneydewtheyproducewhen

theyfeed,soGooglefarmsusforthedatathatourdigital

livesyield.Antskeeppredatoryinsectsawayfromwheretheir

aphidsfeed;Gmailkeepsthespammersoutofourinboxes.It

doesn，tfeellikeahumanordemocraticrelationship,even

ifbothsidesbenefit.

31.AccordingtoParagraph1,FacebookacquiredWhatsAppforits

A.digitalproducts

B.userinforrmation

C.physicalassets

D.qualityservice

32.LinkingphonenurmberstoFacebookidentitiesmay_.

A.worsenpoliticaldisputes

B.messupcustormerrecords

C.posearisktoFacebookusers

D.misleadtheEuropeancommission

33.Accordingtotheauthor,cormpetitionlaw

A.shouldservethenewmarketpowers

B.mayworsentheeconormicimbalance

C.shouldnotprovidejustonelegalsolution

D.cannotkeeppacewiththechangingmarket

34.Cormpetitionlawaspresentlyinterpretedcanhardly

protectFacebookusers

because_.

A.theyarenotdefinedascustormers

B.theyarenotfinanciallyreliable

C.theservicesaregenerallydigital

D.theservicesarepaidforbyadvertisers

35.Theantsanalogyisusedtoillustrate_.

A.awin-winbusinessmodelbetweendigitalgiants

B.atypicalcormpetitionpatternamongdigitalgiants

C.thebenefitsprovidedfordigitalgiants，custormers

D.therelationshipbetweendigitalgiantsandtheirusers

Text4

Tocombatthetrapofputtingapremiumonbeingbusy,

GalNewport,antherofDeepWork:RulesforFocusedSuccess

inaDistrictedworld,recommendsbuildingahabitof”deep

work”,—theabilitytofocuswithoutdistraction.

Thereareanumberofapproachestomasteringthe

masteringtheartofdeep

work-beitlengthyretreats,dedicatedtoaspecifictask;

developingadailyritual;ortakinga"journalistic”

approachtoseizingmomentsofdeepworkwhenyoucan

throughouttheday.Whicheverapproach,thekeyistodetermine

yourlengthoffocustimeandsticktoit.

Newportalsorecommends“deepscheduling"tocombat

constantinterrupt!onsandgetmoredowninlesstime.At

anygivenpoint,Isholdhasdeepworkscheduledforroughly

thenextmonth.OnceonthecalendarIprotectthistimelike,

Iwouldadoctor，sappointmentorimportantmeeting,he

writes.

Anotherapproachtogettingmoredowninlesstineistorethink

howyou

prioritizeyourday-inparticularhowwecraftourto-dolists.

TimHarford,author

ofMessy.ThePowerofDisordertoTransformOurLives,points

toastudyinthe

early1980s,thatdividedundergraduatesintotwogroups:some

wereadvisedtosetoutmonthlygoalsandstudyactivities;

othersweretoldtoplanactivitiesandgoldsinmuchtime

detaildaybyday.

Whiletheresearchersassumedthatthewell-structured

dailyplanswouldbe

mosteffectivewhenitcametotheexecutionoftasks,they

werewrong:thedetaileddailyplansdemotivatedstudents.

Hartfordarguesthatinevitabledistractionsoftenrender

thedailyto-dolistineffective,whilelivingroomfor

improvisationinsuchalistcanreapthebestresults.

Inordertomakethemostofourfocusandenergy.Wealso

needtoembrace

downtime,orasNewportsuggests,〃belazy.

〃Idlenessisnotjustavacation,anindulgenceoravice,

itisindispensableto

bebrainasVitaminDistothebody..[idleness]is,

paradoxically,necessaryto

gettinganyworkdone,，,heargues.

SririPillayanassistantofpsychiatryatHarvard

MedicalSchool,believesthis

counter-intuitivelinkbetweendowntimeandproductivitymay

beduetothewayourbrainsoperate.Whenourbrainsswitch

betweenbeingfocusedandunfocusedonatask,theytendto

bemoreefficient.

“Whatpeopledon，trealiseisthat,inordertocomplete

thesetaskstheyneedtouseboththefocusandunfocuscircuits

intheirbrain”,saysPillay.

36.Thekeytomasteringtheartofdeepworkisto

A.keeptoyourfocustime

B.listyouriminediatetasks

C.makespecificdailyplans

D.seizeeveryminutetowork

37.Thestudyintheearly1980scitedbyHarvardshows

that

A.distractionsmayactuallyincreaseefficiency

B.dailyschedulesareindispensabletostudying

C.studentsarehardlymotivatedbymonthlygoals

D.detailedplansmanynotbeasfruitfulasexpected

38.AccordingtoNewport,idlenessis.

A.adesirablementalstateforbusypeople

B.amajorcontributortophysicalhealth

C.aneffectivewaytosavetimeandenergy

D.anessentialfactorinaccomplishinganywork.

39.Pillaybelievesthatourbrains，shiftbetweenbeing

focusedandunfocused.

A.canresultin.Psychologicalwill-being

B.canbringaboutgreaterefficiency

C.isaimedatabetterbalanceinwork

D.isdrivenbytaskurgency

40.Thistextismainlyabout。

A.waystorelievethetensionofbusylife

B.approachestogettingmoredoneinlesstime

C.thekeytoeliminatingdistractions

D.thecauseofthelackoffocustime

PartB

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextandmatcheachofthenumbereditems

intheleftcolumntoitscorrespondinginformationintheright

column.Therearetwoextrachoicesintherightcolumn.Mark

youranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

A.Justsayit

B.Bepresent

C.Payauniquecompliment

D.Name,places,things

E.Findthe〃metoo〃s

F.Skipthesmalltalk

G.Askforanopinion

Fivewaystomakeconversationwithanyone

Conversationsarelinks,whichmeanswhenyouhavea

conversationwithanewpersonalinkgetsformedandevery

conversationyouhaveafterthatmomentwillstrengthenthe

link.

Youmeetnewpeopleeveryday:thegroceryworker,the

cabdriver,newpeople

atworkorthesecurityguardatthedoor.Simplystartinga

conversationwiththemwillformalink.

Herearefivesimplewaysthatyoucanmakethefirstmoveand

starta

conversationwithstrangers.

41._________

Supposeyouareinaroomwithsomeoneyoudon，tknowand

somethingwithinyousays〃Iwanttotalkwiththisperson”一

thisissomethingthemostlyhappenswithallofus.Youwanted

tosaysomething-thefirstword-butitjustwon'tcomeout.

Itfeelslikeitisstucksomewhere,Iknowthefeelingsand

hereismyadvicejustgetit

out.

Justthink:thatistheworstthatcouldhappen?They

won，ttalkwithyou?Well,

theyarenottalkingwithyounow!

Itrulybelievethatonceyougetthatfirstwordout

everythingelsewilljustflow.Sokeepitsimple:〃Hi〃，〃Hey〃

or"HeHo”--dothebestyoucantogatherallofthe

enthusiasmandenergyyoucan,putonabigsmileandsay〃Hi〃.

42.__________

It，saproblemallofusface:youhavelimitedtimewith

thepersonthatyou

wanttotalkwithandyouwanttomakethistalk,memorable.

Honestly,ifwegotstuck,intherut,of〃hi〃，“hello”,〃how

areyou""andwhat's

goingon?，zyouwillfailtogivetheinitialJolttothe

conversationthatcanmakeitsomermorable.

Sodon，tbeafraid,toaskmorepersonalquestions.Trust

me,you'11besurprised

toseehowmuchpeoplearewillingtoshareifyoujustask.

43.__________

Whenyoumeetapersonforthefirsttime,makeaneffort

tofindthethings

whichyouandthatperson,haveincommonsothatyoucan

buildtheconversation,

frormthatpoint.Whenyoustartaconversationfrormthere

andthenmoveoutward,

youwillfindallofasuddenthattheconversationbecormes

aloteasier.

44.__________

Imagineyouarepouringyourheartouttosomeoneandthey

arejustbusyon

theirphone,andifyouask,fortheirattention,youget

theresponse〃Ican

Multitask"".

Sowhensormeonetries,tocormmunicatewithyou,justbe

inthat

cormmunicationwholeheartedly.Makeeyecontact,youcan

feeltheconversation.

45.

Youallcarneintoaconversation,whereyoufirstmet

theperson,butaftersorme

timeyoumayhavemetagain,andhaveforgottentheirname.

Isn'tthatawkward!

Sorermemberthelittledetailsofthepeopleyoumight,

oryoutalkedwith;

perhapstheplacestheyhavebeento,theplacetheywant

togo,thethingstheylike,

thethingtheyhate-whateveryoutalkabout

Whenyourermembersuchthingyoucanautormaticallybecome

investorintheir

wellbeing.Sotheyfeelaresponsibilitytoyoutokeepbad

relationshipgoing

That,sit.Fiveamazingwaysthatyoucanmakeconversation

withalmostanyone.

Everypersonisareallygoodbooktoread,ortohavea

conversationwith!

41.A.bepresent

42.B.justsayit

43.C.askforanopinion

D.narme,places,things

E.findthe^metoo”s

44.F.payauniquecormpliment

45.G.skipthesrmalltalk

SectionHITranslation

Directions:TranslatethefollowingtextfromEnglishinto

Chinese.Write

yourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)

Afifthgradergetsahomeworkassignmenttoselecthis

futurecareerpathfrorm

alistofoccupations.Heticks"astronaut"butquicklyadds

“scientist"tothelistand

selectsitaswell.Theboyisconvincedthatithereads

enough,hecanexploreas

manycareerpathsashelikes.Andsohereads----everything

frormencyclopaedias

tosciencefictionnovels.Hereadssoferventlythathis

parentshavetoinstituteaz，no

readingpolicyz/atthedinnertable.

ThatboywasBillGates,andhehasn*tstoppedreading

yet一一notevenafter

becormingoneofthemostsuccessfulpeopleontheplanet.

Nowadays,hisreading

materialhaschangedfromsciencefictionandreference

books:recently,herevealed

thathereadsatleast50nonfictionbooksayear.Gates

choosesnonfictiontitles

becausetheyexplainhowtheworldwoks.

“Eachbookopensupnewavenuesofknowledgeto

explore,--Gatessay.

SectionIVWriting

PartA

Directions:

Supposeyouhavetocancelyourtravelplanandwill

notbeabletovisit

professorSmith.Writehimanermai1to

1)apologizeandexplainthesituation;

2)suggestafuturermeeting.

Youshouldwriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET.

Don"tuseyourownname,use〃LiMing〃instead.

Don*twriteyouraddress.(10points)

PartB

Directions:

Writeanessaybasedonthefollowingchart.Inyouressay,

youshould

1)interpretthechart,and

2)giveyourcormments.

Youshouldwriteabout150wordsneatlyontheANSWER

SHEET.(15points)

2017年某市消費者選擇餐廳時的關(guān)注因素

2018年考研英語二答案

SectionIUseofEnglish

l.D.resolve

2.B.seek

3.C.hurt

4.B.expose

5.A.trial

6.B.deliver

7.C.When

8.D.happen

9.A.suchas

10.C.discover

ll.B.food

12.C.leadto

13.A.inquiry

14.D.self-destructive

15.D.resist

16.D.predict

17.A.choose

18.B.outcome

19.D.whether

20.C.consequences

SectionIIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Text1

21.Abrokenbikechainismentionedtoshowstudent'slackof.

B.practicalability

22.Thereexiststheprejudicethatvocationaleducationisforkidswho.

D.arenotacademicallysuccessful

23.WccaninferfromParagraph5thathighschoolgraduates.

A.usedtohavemorejobopportunities

24.Theheadlongpushintobachelorsdegreesforall.

D.isexpectedtoyieldabetter-trainedwirkforce

25.Theauthor'sattitudetowardKoziatek'sschoolcanbedescribedas.

C.supportive

Text2

26.Theword"plummeting"(Line3,Para.2)isclosestinmeaning

to_.

C.falling

27.AccordingtoParagraph3,theuseofrenewableenergyin

America_

A.isprogressingnotably

28.ItcanbelearnedthatinIowa,

A.windisawidelyusedenergysource.

29.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutcleanenergyaccordingto

Paragraphs5&6?

C.ltscontinuoussupplyisbecomingareality.

30.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatrenewableenergy_

C.isnotreallyencouragedbytheUSgovernment

Text3

31.AccordingtoParagraph1,FacebookacquiredWhatsAppforits

B.userinformation

32.LinkingphonenumberstoFacebookidentitiesmay

B.