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Unit4

Astronomy:

thescienceofthestarsSectionBLearningaboutLanguage單元語(yǔ)法

名詞性從句(Ⅱ)——主語(yǔ)從句在主從復(fù)合句中,充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的從句叫主語(yǔ)從句,它是名詞性從句之一。引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞有:從屬連詞:在從句中不作成分連接代詞:在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)連接副詞:在從句中作狀語(yǔ)◆要點(diǎn)一引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞(1)從屬連詞:that,whether/if①that在從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分,也無(wú)意義,只起連接作用,但不可省略。②whether在從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分,只起連接作用,意為“是否”。whether引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句既可放在句首,也可放在句末。而if引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句不能放在句首,只能放在句末。(2)連接代詞:who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever等連接代詞引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí),在句中既起連接作用,又在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。(3)連接副詞:when,where,why,how在從句中作狀語(yǔ),分別表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因和方式。題組練·領(lǐng)悟方法單句語(yǔ)法填空

(1)[詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)]

smokingisharmfultohealthisknowntoeveryone.(2)[詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)]

lifeexistsonotherplanetsisnotclearyet.(3)Itisstilldoubtful

shewillplaytherole.(4)[詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)]

willbring

upthechildhasn’tbeendecidedyet.(5)[詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)]

lifestyleisthemostbeneficialtoourhealthisstillunknown.ThatWhetherwhether/ifWhoWhich單句寫作

(6)[詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)]

solvesthepuzzlecanreceivetheaward.(7)[詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)]

youdoshoulddonoharmtoothers.(8)[詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)]

wewillset

offhasn’tbeendecided.(9)[詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)]

hespied

onmepuzzledmeforalongtime.(10)[詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)]

heearned

his

livingbeforeisnotcleartous.WhoeverWhateverHowWhenWhy◆要點(diǎn)二用it作形式主語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)從句當(dāng)主語(yǔ)從句過(guò)長(zhǎng)時(shí),為了避免頭重腳輕,常用it作形式主語(yǔ),而把主語(yǔ)從句后置。用it作形式主語(yǔ)的常見(jiàn)句型有:(1)It+be+形容詞+that從句常用于該句型的形容詞有clear,obvious,true,natural,possible,likely,certain,fortunate,strange,necessary,important等。(2)It+be+名詞(詞組)+that從句常用于該句型的名詞(詞組)有apity,ashame,goodnews,afact,anhonour,awonder,nowonder等。(3)It+be+過(guò)去分詞+that從句常用于該句型的過(guò)去分詞有said,believed,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,suggested,hoped等。◆誤區(qū)警示當(dāng)過(guò)去分詞是suggested,ordered,required,advised,requested,insisted等表示建議、要求、命令等的詞時(shí),主語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“(should+)動(dòng)詞原形”。Itisorderedthatwe(should)goatonce.根據(jù)命令,我們應(yīng)該立刻出發(fā)。(4)It+不及物動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))+that從句常用于該句型的不及物動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))有seem(看上去),turnout(證明是),happen(碰巧),appear(顯得)等。(5)其他句型單句寫作(1)[詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)]很明顯,那個(gè)女孩說(shuō)了謊。

thegirltoldalie.(2)[詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)]你父母不允許你和我們一起去,真遺憾。

yourparentsdidn’tpermityoutogowithus.(3)難怪你取得了這么大的成功。

you’veachievedsogreatsuccess.(4)[詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)]據(jù)報(bào)道,日本發(fā)生了強(qiáng)烈地震。

aviolentearthquakehappenedinJapan.(5)有人建議,這項(xiàng)工作得特別謹(jǐn)慎地去做。

thework(should)bedonewithgreatcare.ItisclearthatItisapitythatItisnowonderthatItisreportedthatItissuggestedthat(6)碰巧他那天不在家。

hewasoutthatday.(7)結(jié)果是我們錯(cuò)了。

wewerewrong.(8)他喜不喜歡它都沒(méi)有關(guān)系。

helikesitornot.(9)你是否支持我的計(jì)劃都不重要。

yousupportmyplanornot.(10)我突然想起我把錢包落在家里了。

Ihadleftmypurseathome.IthappenedthatItturnedoutthatItdoesn’tmatterwhetherItmakesnodifferencewhetherItsuddenlyoccurredtomethat◆要點(diǎn)三使用主語(yǔ)從句的注意事項(xiàng)(1)主語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)用陳述語(yǔ)序(2)主謂一致問(wèn)題①單個(gè)從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。但what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句,若從句謂語(yǔ)或從句后的表語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式,則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式,但也有用單數(shù)形式的情況。②用and連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上連接詞引導(dǎo)一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。(3)whether引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句,如果使用了形式主語(yǔ)it,引導(dǎo)詞whether可以換成if。如果whether從句在句首或后面直接跟ornot時(shí),不能換成if。單句語(yǔ)法填空

(1)Whenandwherethemeetingwillbeheld

(have)notbeendecidedyet.(2)Whenweshallhaveoursportsmeeting

(have)notbeendecided.(3)[詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)]Whatastronautsneedinthespaceship

(be)oxygen.(4)[詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)]Whatthechildrenintheareastarve

for

(be)books.(5)[詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)]Whentheywillset

offandwheretheywillgo

(have)notbeendecidedyet.hashasisarehave單句寫作

(6)[詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)]他能否趕上會(huì)議還很難說(shuō)。

isdoubtful.(7)[詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)]他是否刪減自己的小說(shuō)還沒(méi)決定。

hasnotbeendecidedyet

hewillcut

downhisnovel.(8)[詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)]我不知道兒子是否能自力更生。Idon’tknow

mysoncanearnhisliving

.Whetherhewillbeintimeforthemeetingwhether/ifItwhethernot綜合練·提升能力基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)自測(cè)Ⅰ.用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞填空1.[2019·全國(guó)Ⅰ卷]

youneedisagreatteacherwholetsyoumakemistakes.2.[2019·全國(guó)Ⅰ卷]Thedeadlinesand

youneedtoapplydependontheprogramme.3.[2013·天津卷]

IwanttotellyouisthedeeploveandrespectIhaveformyparents.4.[2013·四川卷]

yousaidatthemeetingdescribesabrightfutureforthecompany.5.[2013·北京卷]Itremainstobeseen

thenewlyformedcommittee’spolicycanbeputintopractice.WhatwhatWhatwhether/ifWhat6.[2013·江西卷]

oneofyoubreaksthewindowwillhavetopayforit.7.[2013·北京卷]

makesthebooksoextraordinaryisthecreativeimaginationofthewriter.8.[2014·全國(guó)卷]Exactly

thepotatowasintroducedintoEuropeisuncertain,butitwasprobablyaround1565.9.[2014·天津卷]Ithink

impressesmeabouthispaintingisthecoloursheuses.10.[2014·陜西卷]

thedelayedflightwilltakeoffdependsmuchontheweather.WhicheverWhatwhenwhatWhen11.[2015·江蘇卷]

LiBai,agreatChinesepoet,wasbornisknowntothepublic,butsomewon’tacceptit.12.[2015·北京卷]

weunderstandthingshasalottodowithwhatwefeel.13.[2016·江蘇卷]Itisoftenthecase

anythingispossibleforthosewhohangontohope.14.[2016·北京卷]Yoursupportisimportanttoourwork.

youcandohelps.15.[2017·北京卷]Everyyear,

makesthemostbeautifulkitewillwinaprizeintheKiteFestival.WhereHowthatwhoeverWhatever學(xué)科素養(yǎng)提升Ⅱ.語(yǔ)法填空A主題:人與自然(科學(xué)與技術(shù))體裁:說(shuō)明文話題:“嫦娥”奔月Itisknowntous1

theMoon’snearside,theoneweallsee,hasbeenthetargetofmanyroboticandhumanmissions.However,itsfarside,also2

(call)thedarksidebecauseitfacesawayfromtheEarthandlittle3

(know)aboutit,hasneverbeenexplored.ThatchangedonJan3rd,2019,whenChineseChang’e4probemadeasoftlandingonwhatisoftenreferredtoasthedarkside.Thelandingis4

exampleofChina’sgrowingdesire5

(compete)withtheAmerican,RussianandEuropeanspaceprogram.Chinaalsowantsto6

(strength)itspositionasaregionalandinternationalpower.

called

isknown

an

tocompete

strengthen

thatOneofthegreat7

(difficulty)inexploringthefarsideoftheMoonisthatitblocksallradiosignals,8

(make)itimpossibletocommunicatewiththeEarth.Toovercomethisdifficulty,in2017,theChineseNationalSpaceAdministrationlaunchedasatellitetoorbittheMoonandrelaythesignals.Oncea9

(rely)communicationpathwasinplace,Chang’e4couldsendbackinformation.Chang’e4willmakeastronomicalobservationsandexaminethestructureandmineralcompositionofthegroundaboveandbelowthesurface,10

researchersbelievewillprovideinsightsintothesolarsystem’searlydaysandperhapseventheoriginofthefirststars.difficultiesmakingreliablewhich

B主題:人與社會(huì)(科學(xué)與技術(shù))體裁:說(shuō)明文話題:機(jī)器人Robotsandartificialintelligencearegettingbettereveryyear.Whilewe’reprobablystillafewdecadesawayfrom1

(true)human-likeAI,atpresent,thetechnologyhasadvancedenoughthatit2

(use)acrossawidevarietyofprofessions—includingafewfieldsyouwouldn’texpect,suchasthepracticeofmedicineandpsychology.However,itseems3

Japanwantstopushuseven4

(close)toaworldwhererobotsreplacehumansinmanyjobs.Thecountry’sAdvancedIndustrialScienceandTechnologyInstitutehasreportedlycreatedarobot,calledHRP-5P,5

caninstalldrywall

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