高一英語學(xué)案：生詞巧解Astronomythescienceofthestars

學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精庖丁巧解牛知識?巧學(xué)生詞巧解【詞析】音析:元音字母a發(fā)弱化音形析:astro-(宇宙航行)+nomy（學(xué)科）義析:thescienceoftheuniversebeyondtheearth【典句】Whenshewasachild，sheusuallyshowedinterestinastronomy。小時(shí)候，她對天文學(xué)很感興趣.【拓展】同根詞：astronomer天文學(xué)家；astrology占星術(shù);astro-space宇宙空間;astro-engineer 航天工程師；astrobiology太空生物學(xué);astro-dog太空狗；astronaut宇航員【詞析】音析：io發(fā)，雙音節(jié)詞形析：vio+lent（lend的過去式）義析：usingstrongforce.esp.ofanunlawfulkind【典句】Insummer，weoftenhaveviolentweather.夏天,氣候通常很不溫和.【拓展】1）習(xí)慣用法:aviolentlanguage激烈的語言;aviolentstorm猛烈的風(fēng)暴；aviolent attack猛攻2）-ent或—ant為形容詞詞尾,如果是ence則為名詞。如important，distant,patient，silent等?！颈嫖觥縱iolent和wildviolent強(qiáng)調(diào)破壞性強(qiáng)的力量，含有害的或惡意的性質(zhì)；wild強(qiáng)調(diào)“野性”之意，表示“不文明”之類。【詞析】音析：字母組合ex發(fā),o發(fā)音為形析:ex-(向外）+plode(碰撞）義析：toburstout【典句】Thebombfellinafieldandexploded。一顆炸彈落在田野上爆炸了?！颈嫖觥縠xplode和burstburst指由于內(nèi)部壓力增大而“爆炸”。explode指“爆炸”,用于炸彈、鍋爐等?！驹~析】音析：字母組合ar發(fā)的音形析:harm（n.&v。傷害)+-ful（形容詞后綴）義析：beabletohurtorinjure【典句】Smokingisharmfultoyourhealth。吸煙對你的健康有害.【拓展】重要搭配：doharmto=beharmfulto對……有害【辨析】harm,hurt，injure和woundharm泛指任何損傷,而且是隱形的損害.hut指對肉體造成激烈的疼痛，也指對感情造成傷害。injure含義較廣，既可指對身體的輕重傷害,也可指對感情、聲譽(yù)等的不利影響.wound多指戰(zhàn)爭中受到的傷害，有明顯的傷口。【詞析】音析:后綴ment的讀音為形析：develop(發(fā)展）+—ment(名詞后綴)義析：theactofdeveloping【典句】Ourgovernmentencouragethedevelopmentofsmallbusinesses。政府鼓勵(lì)小公司的發(fā)展。【拓展】1）同根詞：developingadj.發(fā)展中的；developedadj.發(fā)達(dá)的2）固定搭配：withthedevelopmentof..。隨著……的發(fā)展【詞析】音析:e發(fā),o發(fā)，字母組合th的讀音為形析:met（遇見）+hod（灰漿桶）義析：awayofdoingsth。【典句】Heisamanofaccuracyandstrictmethod.他是一個(gè)精細(xì)而嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)娜?。【辨析】method，means和way1)意義差別：method指有一套理論和系統(tǒng)作指導(dǎo)的方法，強(qiáng)調(diào)條理性、高效性.means意為“方法;手段”，指采用整套的方式或者采用某些工具。way為普通用語,既可指具體的方法,也可指抽象的方法。2）搭配差別：“用這種方法”分別用這三個(gè)詞表示為：withthismethod；bythismeans；inthisway。prevent。..from阻止；制止【詞析】義析:tokeep(someone)fromdoingsomething【典句】Thesunglasseswillpreventthesunfromburningyoureyes.太陽鏡將防止太陽光曬傷你的眼睛。【拓展】同義短語：stop。。。from...；keep。.。from...注意：對于三個(gè)短語中from的省略情況,下列口訣有助于記憶:from很重要，省不省略要記好,下面提示供參考；prevent，stop,主動語態(tài)可省from，被動語態(tài)皆不能；keep一詞怎么辦,無論主動與被動,from常伴其身邊?！驹~析】音析：前一個(gè)e發(fā)音為，后一個(gè)e發(fā)音為形析:de—（在……下）+pend(懸掛）義析：bedecidedbysth。；followfromsth.【典句】WhetherIcancomedepends。我能否來要看情況?！就卣埂?）常用搭配：dependon依靠，依賴；thatdepends；/it(all）depends那得看情況2）同根詞：independencen。獨(dú)立；dependentadj.依賴的；dependableadj.可靠的；dependencen.依賴【詞析】音析:i發(fā)，字母組合ex的讀音為形析：類似的詞還有exit。義析:tobereal；thereis【典句】Doyoubelievefairiesexist？你相信真有神仙嗎？【拓展】派生詞：existencen.存在；生存【詞析】音析:第一個(gè)e發(fā)［e］，s發(fā)濁輔音［z]形析：present(出席的）去t+ce義析：beinginaplaceatacertaintime【典句】Yourpresenceisrequestedattheshareholder'smeeting。敬請您出席股東大會。【拓展】1）常用搭配：inthepresenceof。..在……在場的情況下；當(dāng)著……2）反義詞:absencen.不在；缺席【詞析】音析：前兩個(gè)e分別讀［e]和［Ｉ]，o讀形析：tele—(遠(yuǎn)距離傳送的）+scope（范圍)【典句】Thescientistisobservingthestarsthroughatelescope.這位科學(xué)家正在用望遠(yuǎn)鏡觀察星星?！就卣埂縯ele—為前綴,如:telephone,television，telegraph.【詞析】音析：i讀［Ｉ］,a讀，ｏ讀形析：dis-（否定前綴）+appoint(約定）義析：tofailtofulfillhopes【典句】Thenewsthathefailedtheexamdisappointedthem。考試不及格的消息使他們很失望?！就卣埂?）同根詞:disappointing令人失望的;disappointed失望的；disappointmentn。失望2)常用搭配：bedisappointedin/withsb./sth.對某人/某事失望bedisappointedtodosth。對某事感到掃興bedisappointedat。..因……感到失望toone'sdisappointment使某人失望的是……【詞析】音析：字母組合or的讀音為［］義析：naturalorphysicalpower;makeanunwillingpersondosth?！镜渚洹縏heyforcedthedooropen。他們強(qiáng)行把門打開.【拓展】常用搭配：forcesb。todosth.強(qiáng)迫某人做某事;byforce用暴力；強(qiáng)迫性的；armedforces武裝部隊(duì)【詞析】音析:字母組合eer的讀音為形析:類似的詞還有deer，beer等義析：togiveashoutofhappiness【典句】Thecrowdcheeredloudlywhenthepopstarappeared.歌星出現(xiàn)時(shí),人群歡聲雷動?！就卣埂砍Ｓ么钆洌篶heerup振作起來；cheeron。。。為……喝彩；beofgoodcheer高興，充滿希 望【詞析】音析：字母a的讀音為形析:類似的詞還有class，glass,pass等義析:alargeamountofthingsthatdoesnothaveacertainshape【典句】Thereweremassesofcloudsinthesky.天空烏云密布?！就卣埂吭~組：amassof或massesof相當(dāng)于alotof或lotsof。breakout突發(fā)，爆發(fā)【詞析】義析:suddenlyhappen【典句】Theearthquake