考研英語(yǔ)（閱讀）模擬試卷623

考研英語(yǔ)（閱讀）模擬試卷623

一、閱讀（補(bǔ)全短文）（本題共20題，每題分，共

20分。）

[A]Haveenoughinformation|B]ListentoyourGremlin[C|Testthemagainstyour

values[D]Respectyourdoubts[ElTrustyourgut[FlWeighupthepro'sandcon's[G]Il

justdoesn'tmatterSomeyearsagoIrememberstandinginmykitchen,staringsilentlyat

myboxesofcereal,tryingtodecidewhichtohavefbrbreakfast.Istoodtherefor5

minutes,until—utterlyfrustrated—Imarchedoutofthehouseandwentwithout.

FortunatelyI'velearnedtomakedecisionsmorequicklyandmoreeasilynow,andwhenI

noticethatsecond-guessinganddoubtingstartingtokickin,Ikickitrightback.Sohere

are5waystomakeconfidentdecisions.[RI]Somanytimeswehaveto

makedecisionswithoutaframeworkandnoway（ojudgebetweentwochoices.When

facedwithatrickydecisionit'softenagoodideatolineupyourchoicesandask"Which

oneofthesemosthonorstheihingsthatmeanthemosttome?"Thedecisionthat'smost

inlinewiththethingsthatmeanthemosttoyou—yourcorevalues—willbethebest

decisionforyou.Thatmightnotbethesimplestormostpractical,butbecauseitfitswith

whoyouareandwhat'smostimportanttoyouitwillalwaysbethebestdecisionfbryou.

[R2]WhenIwasgrowingupIusedtoloverainySundayafternoons

watchingCokimbo（anAmericancrimefictionTVseries）.WnatColumbohadbundlesof

wasagreattrustinhisintuition.Ineveryepisode,fromtheverymomenthefirstmeets

thebadguy,heknows"whodunit',—andhealwaystruststhatSolookatwhatyour

intuitiontellsyouisthe'rightdecisionforyou.Forgetaboutallthe"Whatifs"andthe

myriad,tinydetails—whatisyourguttellingyou?Listentoyourintuition,itknowswhat

it'stalkingabout.[R3]Mydecisionbetweenbreakfastcerealswasn'ta

bigdeal.WhicheveroneIchose,therewerenevergoingtobeanyhugeconsequences

andtheripplesfromthatdecisionwouldn'thavebeenfeltmuchfurtherthantheendof

myspuon.Sonicliincsitjuslducsn'lmalleiwliiuhwayyougc.Il'seasytogelwrappedup

insecond-guessingyourself,goingroundincirclesandover-complicatingthings,

when——ifyougetrightdowntoit——itjustdoesn'tmatter.Goingroundincirclesisonly

goingtomakeyoudizzy,sostopit.Askyourselfthisquestion—ifyourfuturehappiness

wasn'tdependentonyourdecision,whichwaywouldyougo?[R4]Go

andgetthefactsbeforeyoumakeacomplexdecision.Byallmeansweighupthepro's

andcon'ssothatyoucangetanunderstandingofwhat'sbehindachoice.Butbe

careful—there'sahugedifferencebetweenknowingenoughtomakeachoice,and

knowingeverythingtomakeachoice.Whenyoufeelyourselfpursuingeveryfactor

everypieceofinformationbeforeyoumakeadecision,stopyourself.Ask"WhatdoI

reallyneedtoknowtomakethisdecision?"andfocusyoureffortsongettingthebest

iiifuiiiiiiliuniclativclyquickly.【R5】Wcallnatuiallyshyawayfiom

change,andwe'vedevelopedawholebunchoftricksthatmakeiteasyforustoavoid

makingdecisionsandstayexactlywhereweare.Thaipanofyouisoftencalledthe

"Gremlin",andit'sthepartofyouthatwouldratheravoidmakingdecisionsaltogether

raftertitanruntheriskofmakingabadoneorscrewingup.YourGremlinisnotthesame

thingashavingdoubts,whicharcvalidconcernsaboutapossiblecourseofaction,or

reasonableconcernsaboutwhatmightbeinstore.Yourdoubtscanhelpyoupreparefor

changeandgetreadyforwhatcouldhappen.YourGremlinisadeptatfeedingonyour

doubtsandusingthemtogetyoutostayput,soknowingthedifferencebetweenyour

Gremlinandyourvaliddoubtshelpsyouclarifywhat'srealandwhat'simagined,what's

relevantandwhal'sirrelevant.

1、[RI]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本段多次提到thethingsthatmeanthemost,后義中通過(guò)破折號(hào)給出解

釋?zhuān)骸白钪匾?也就是“核心價(jià)值觀”(yourcorevalues),以告訴讀者做選擇時(shí)要與

核心價(jià)值觀作比較衡量，由此可見(jiàn)正確答案為C。

2、[R2]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：E

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本段先通過(guò)作者觀看電視劇的經(jīng)歷得出結(jié)論：相信直覺(jué)(agreattrust

inhisintuition),然后段末重申該結(jié)論：要lislenloyourinluilion,也就是E中的

Trustyourguto對(duì)gut?詞不熟悉的考生可以通過(guò)whatisyourguttellingyou猜出

gut在該情景中的大致意義，即“本能反應(yīng)，直覺(jué)”。

3、[R3]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：G

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：該段首句已經(jīng)給出該段的中心意思：wasnKabigdeal,即“根本不是

什么大事兒接下來(lái)段中又提到Sometimesitjustdoesn'tmatterwhichwayyou

go,這時(shí)考生可以確認(rèn)答案為G。

4、[R4]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本段講述的是通過(guò)重點(diǎn)搜集必要信息來(lái)幫助做出決定，但不是所有信

息(everypieceofinformation),因此選A。

5、[R5]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：該段引出了Gremlin一詞，并將其解釋為“逃避做決定，保持現(xiàn)

狀”(avoidmakingdecisionsandstayexactlywhereweare)。作者認(rèn)為這種觀念是不可

取的：Gremlinisnotthesamethingashavingdoubts；作者認(rèn)為havingdoubts是“合

理的擔(dān)心”(reasonableconcerns),并不是'‘逃避做決定”，D的Respectyourdoubts說(shuō)

的是要尊重懷疑，與該段大意正好相符。

[A]Gettingcarriedawaywiththeculture[B]Carryingvastamountofluggage[C]

Slayingonllicroadloolung[D]Wearingsexyclothing[E]JudgingotherUavclcrs[F]

Failingtorespectthelocalculture[G]ExpectingeverythingtogotoplanThereisno

doubt(hattourismprovidesapositiveimpactontouristspots.1(createsqualityjobsfor

thelocalcommunity,revivesthelocalcultureratherthandestioyingit,andencourages

theprotectionandrestorationoftheenvironment.Yetnoteverytravelerwillreceive

warmwelcome.Onthecontrary,someupsetthelocalsandmakefellowtravelersretreat.

Hereisalistedsomeofthedeadliestsinsoftravel.Prayyoudon'tcommitthem.[RI]

OK,travelingforlongperiodsoftimeishardlyasin,providedyou're

spendingsomecash,butifyoustayawaylongerthanyoumeantto,itcanturnyouintoa

less-than-agrecabletraveler.Youstarttothinkthateveryoneyoumeetisouttoripyou

off,yougetalittletooconfidentwhensomeonehelpsthemselvestoaspotaheadofyou

inlineandthelanguagebarrierstartstobeanannoyingheadacheratherthanan

entertainingchallenge.[R2]Andatsomepointwe'reallguiltyofsaying

yestoacoupleofculturalno-nossuchasnotmoderatingtheirclothingastheyheadfrom

theshelteredenvironmentofthehotelpooltothewiderworldofEgypt'stombs.But

sometimesthosewho'vebeenwanderingtheworldforgreatlengthsoftimefeelthatthey

knowitallandcandonowrong.Remembersexyclothing,chuggingbeerandgrabbing

yourboyfriend'sasscouldwelloffendafewlocals.Andifyou'veupsetthelocals,it'llbe

(henextgroupoftravelerswhopay.[R3]Envelopingyourselfinlocal

customsispartofthereasonwetravel.Wewanttosampleoriginalflavors,seeunusual

architecture,learnforeigntonguesandexperiencethenewtraditionsthatcomewitha

differentreligion.Butsometravelersgotoofar:theyputonthelocaltraditionalclothes

togoabouttheirdailyaffairs,wouldneverdreamofeatingahamburgerandfrownatthe

verynotionofsocializingwithoneoftheircountrymen.Respectingacultureisonething,

butadoplingitasyouiowncansomcliincscauseoffence.Plusyoulookridiculous.

[R4]Nomatterhowmanyyearsyou'vebeentravelingtheglobe,things

willalwaysgowrong.Trainswillbreakdown,hotelswillfillup,attractionswillcloseon

theonlydayyoucouldpossiblyvisitandfoodpoisoningwillputyououtofactionjustas

youhadsomelife-affirmingadventureplanned.Thekeyistoacceptthesetbacksasa

naturalpartofyouradventure.Expectingeverythingtorunsmoothlyistosetfootonthe

roadtodisappointmentandawaytoruinyour(rip.[R5]Travelsnobsare

peoplewhoconsiderthemselvessuperiorforawealthofbizarrereasons.Theytravelfor

longer,roughitmore,strayfurtherfromthebeatentrackorsimplycarrylessluggageand

thereforefeeltheneedtolookdownonanyonewhodoesn'tmeettheirstandards.Who

caresifsomeoneoptsforpackagetoursorcarriesvastamountsofdesignerluggageto

theirfive-scarhotels?Ifyouspendyourtimesortingoutthegoodtravelersfromthebad,

youruntheriskofruiningyourtrip.

6、[RI]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本段關(guān)鍵信息為首句中的stayawaylongerthanyoumeantto以及turn

youintoaless-than-agreeabletraveler,即如果在旅游景區(qū)逗留太長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，會(huì)把自己

變成不招人喜歡的游客。由此可知,C項(xiàng)Stayingontheroadtoolong(在旅途中停留

太長(zhǎng)時(shí)間)是本段的小標(biāo)題。

7、[R2]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：F

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本段首句提到了guiltyofsayingyesto...culturalno-nos（對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)氐奈幕?/p>

禁忌置之不理），下文又提到一些會(huì)冒犯當(dāng)?shù)厝说男袨?，由此可知，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)Failingto

respectthelocalcullure（不尊重當(dāng)?shù)匚幕┦潜径蜗胍赋龅恼`區(qū)。

8、[R3]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本段前兩句指出應(yīng)尊重當(dāng)?shù)匚幕?，第三句轉(zhuǎn)折詞But后的內(nèi)容才是本

段的關(guān)鍵信息。該句指出，sometravelersgoloofar（有些游客的行為過(guò)火了），下文

接著列舉了一些游客過(guò)度接受當(dāng)?shù)匚幕男袨?，如穿上民族服裝處理日常事務(wù)等，

故A項(xiàng)Gettingcarriedawaywiththecultllre（過(guò)于沉浸于當(dāng)?shù)匚幕┦潜径蜗胍獋鬟_(dá)

的文意。

9、[R4]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：G

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：由段中的thingswillalwaysgowrong以及Expectingeverythingtorun

smoothlyis...toruinyourtrip可知，G項(xiàng)Expectingeverythingtogotoplan（期望所有

事情都按計(jì)劃進(jìn)行）是本段提醒旅行者應(yīng)避免的誤區(qū)。

10、[R5]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：E

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本段的中心在末句Ifyouspendyourtimesortingoutthegoodtravelers

fromthebad,you…（如果你把時(shí)間花在判斷哪些旅行者好，哪些旅行者不好身上，

你就...），E項(xiàng)Judgingothertravelers（評(píng)判其他旅行者）是該段提醒旅行者應(yīng)避免

的誤區(qū)。

Evenifitweretopass,anairlinepassengerbillofrightsisn'tgoingtosavemosttravelers

fromenduringdelaysattheairport-especiallyduringthisbusysummertravelseason,

whenairplaneswillhenearoratfullcapacityandtheusualonslaughtofstormysummer

weatherisexpected."It'sgoingtobeachallenge.Thesearcallingredientsfordelay,"

saysDavidCastelveter,spokesmanfortheAirTransportAssociation,whichrepresents

90%ofallU.S.commercialairlines.Buttravelerscanimprovetheiroddsofavoiding

major（roublesbyusingtheselipssuggestedbyairlineexperts.1.BookflightswiselyThe

U.S.DepartmenlofTransponation（DOT）recommendsthatpassengersscheduletheir

flightsfbrearlyintheday,whichare（heleastlikely（obedelayed.2.Beasavvypacker

Knowwhatyoucanandcan'ttakewithyouinyourcarry-onbaggage,aslistedbythe

TransportationSecurityAdministration.3.KnowtheshortcutsPassengerscanavoid

longlinesbyprintingoute-ticketsathomeandcheckinginattheairline'selectronic

kiosks.4.KnowwhatyouareentitledtoIfrequested,allairlinesmustpresenttheir

passengerswithaContractofCarriage,whichoutlineswhatrightsapassengerhavein

theeventofadelayorcancellation.5.Ifallelseisfailing,rememberRule240Rule240

isanagreementbetweentheairlinesthattheywillhonoranotherairline'sticketifthey

havethemeanstodoso.Finally,learnhowtocountto10.Keepingcooliskey.Airline

representativesandflightattendantswillbemoreresponsivetoarespectfulpassenger,

andhostilepassengersmayonlymakethesituationworseforthemselves.[A]liquidsand

gelsareofspecialconcern.Ifcarriedon,(heymustbelessthan3ounceseach,allkept

togetherinonly1quart-sizedplasticbag,andscannedindividuallybysecurity.

Castelvetcrrecommendsthattravelerskeeptheirbagwiththeliquidsandgelsatthetop

oftheircarry-onluggage,sosecuritypersonnel"don'thavetogodiggingthroughthemat

thesecuritycounter."[B]IfUnitedAirlineshascanceleditsflighttoChicagobut

AmericanAirlines'flighttoChicagoisstillscheduledtodepart,apassengercouldask

AmericantohonoritsUnitedticket.Ofcourse,thistacticdoesn'talwayswork,especially

withcheapertickets.[C]Intheeventofaflightcancellation,linesat(heticketcounter

maybelong,sogettingonthephonewiththeairline'sreservalionhotlinedoublesa

passenger'schancesofgettingonanotherflight.[D]Trytoscheduleatleastanhour

betweenconnectingflights,especiallyiftheyarewithdifferentairlines.Andbookwith

airlinesthathaveastrongtrackrecordofontimearrivals,aschartedmonthlybythe

DOT.[E]Dependingon(heairlineandthecircumstances,apassengermayreceivea

travelvoucher,cashreimbursement,hotelaccommodationsandalternativemeansof

transportationtotheirdestination.AfteritsmassivedelaysinFebruary—includingthe

strandingofnineairplanesonaJFKtarniacforuptotenhours—JetBluepresenteda

Customer'sBillofRights,whichentitlespassengersto$25travelvouchersfordelaysas

littleasonehour(depending,ofcourse,onthecircumstances).[F]Passengerscanalso

speedupsecuritylinesbykeepingtheirID'shandyatalltimes.

11、

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)本段小標(biāo)題，本段給出的是預(yù)定機(jī)票的建議，縱觀所有選項(xiàng)，只

有D給出的兩個(gè)建議是關(guān)于預(yù)訂機(jī)票的，D中出現(xiàn)的schedule...anhour和book

with...等詞都與預(yù)訂機(jī)票有關(guān)，故本題選D。

12、

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本段講述如何打包行李，乘客應(yīng)知道whatyoucanandcan，ltake

with,由此可以推測(cè)下文應(yīng)該具體說(shuō)明允許或禁止攜帶的物品，A提到的液體和凝

膠體的攜帶正與此相符，其中提到的carry-onluggage也與文中的carry-onbaggage

對(duì)應(yīng)，故本題選A。

13、

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：F

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本段標(biāo)題中fitshortcut意為“捷徑”，即最快速的方法，F(xiàn)中說(shuō)到了加

快安檢速度(speedupsecuritylines)的方法，可知F為正確答案。

14、

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：E

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：標(biāo)題中beentitledto意為“有……的權(quán)利”，即乘客需要了解自己的權(quán)

利。文中提到“運(yùn)輸合同”(ContractofCarriage)中說(shuō)明了在航班延誤情況卜.乘客享有

的權(quán)利，據(jù)此推測(cè)下文講的應(yīng)該是乘客享有權(quán)利的具體內(nèi)容。E說(shuō)到了乘客在延誤

情況下可以得到travelvoucher、cashreimbursementhotelaccommodations等賠

償，與文意相符，故為答案。

15、

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本段主要介紹了“240條款”，即航空公司在有條件的情況下，可以承

兌另一家航空公司的機(jī)票，那么下文的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該是對(duì)此條款的具體說(shuō)明。B以

AmericanAirlines可承兌UnitedAirlines的機(jī)票為例說(shuō)明此條款,符合文意,故答

案為Bo

Whenisitpermissibletotellalie?Never,accordingtoAugustineandKant.Machiavelli

approvedlyingforprinces,Nietzschefortheexceptionalhero一theSuperman.Most

otherphilosophers,andordinaryfolk,arelesscertain,allowingsomelies,butnotothers.

Aftersome2,500yearsofmoralspeculation,saysPhilosopherSisselaBok,mankindis

stilltryingtoworkoutgroundrulesforacceptablelying.1.Mentalreservationasatype

oflying.Inhernewbook,Lying,Boktracesthehistoryofconvolutedargumentsonthe

subject.Forinstance,casuistsinventedthe"mentalreservation/'2.Casuallying

frequentlyusedinAmerica.Mostnormsonlying,Bokwrites,growoutofelaborate

moralsystemsofthoughtthat"areoftenelegantinoperation,nobleindesign.Butwhen

wehavetomakedifficultconcretemoralchoices,theygiveuslittlehelp."In(heabsence

ofclearsocialguidelines,casuallyinghasbecomeentrenchecinAmerica.3.Lying

acceptedinacademiccircle.Bokalsoarguesthatlyingisnowanacceptedpartofmany

professions,includinglawandthebehavioralsciences.4.Lyinginjournalism.Boksees

problemsinjournalismtoo.ThoseliesreportedonTVornewspapers,shemaintains,

werenotclearlynecessaryandmayencourageotherreporterstousesuchtactics

routinely.ReportersBernsteinandWoodward,however,seemeduntroubledby"the

wholefabricofdeception".5.Shouldpoliticalliesbeapproved?Bythisstandard,she

argues,politicalliesarerarelyjustifiable."Ifgovernmentduplicityistobeallowedin

exceptionalcases,"Bokconcludes,"thecriteriafortheseexceptionsshouldthemselves

beopenlydebatedandpubliclychosen.Otherwisegovernmentleaderswillhavefreerein

tomanipulateanddistortthefacts."Thenwhatkindsofliesshouldbepermitted?Bok's

answer,onlythoseapprovedinadvancebythegeneralpublic.Bokfeelsthatdoctors

shouldstopvirtuallyalllyingtopatients,universitiesshouldrootoutfraudulentand

deceptiveresearch,andgovernmentofficialsshouldbeexpected(ostickto(hetruth.Her

point:thepublicisnowsocynicalaboutbeingliedtothatonlyextraordinaryeffortsto

avoidlyingwillrestoreafeelingoftrust.Or,asMarkTwainonceobserved,"Alwaysdo

right.Thiswillgratifysomepeople,andastonishiherest."[A]Forinstance,theyusedlo

uncovertheWatergatescandal.[B|SocialPsychologistJeraldJellisonestimatesthatthe

averageAmericanoutstripsPinocchiobytelling200liesaday,includingwhiteliesand

falseexcuses("SorryI'mlate.Iwastiedupattheoffice"