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第2講推理判斷題[小題夯基練]1.(全國卷Ⅰ,閱讀C節(jié)選)“Jazzseemslikeit'snotreallyapartoftheAmericanappetite,”MorantellsNationalPublicRadio'sreporterNealConan.“WhatI'mhopingtoaccomplishisthatmygenerationandyoungerstarttoreconsiderandunderstandthatjazzisnotblackandwhiteanymore.It'sactuallycolor,andit'sactuallydigital.”Moransaysoneoftheproblemswithjazztodayisthattheentertainmentaspectofthemusichasbeenlost.“Themusiccan'tbepresentedtodaythewayitwasin1908or1958.Ithastocontinuetomove,becausethewaytheworldworksisnotthesame,”saysMoran.Q:WhatcanweinferaboutMoran'sopiniononjazz?A.Itwilldisappeargradually.B.Itremainsblackandwhite.C.Itshouldkeepupwiththetimes.D.Itchangesevery50years.解析:C[根據(jù)節(jié)選第一段Moran說的“...jazzisnotblackandwhiteanymore.It'sactuallycolor,andit'sactuallydigital.”及節(jié)選第二段中的“Themusiccan'tbepresentedtodaythewayitwasin1908or1958.Ithastocontinuetomove,becausethewaytheworldworksisnotthesame”可知,他認(rèn)為世界在變,爵士樂應(yīng)該與時(shí)俱進(jìn)。故選C。]2.(全國卷Ⅲ,閱讀C節(jié)選)Thegovernmentspentnearly30yearscomingupwithaplantoreintroducethewolves.TheU.S.FishandWildlifeServicecarefullymonitorsandmanagesthewolfpacksinYellowstone.Today,thedebatecontinuesoverhowwellthegraywolfisfittinginatYellowstone.Elk,deer,andcoyotepopulationsaredown,whilebeaversandredfoxeshavemadeacomeback.TheYellowstonewolfprojecthasbeenavaluableexperimenttohelpbiologistsdecidewhethertoreintroducewolvestootherpartsofthecountryaswell.Q:Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheYellowstonewolfproject?A.Doubtful.B.Positive.C.Disapproving.D.Uncaring.解析:B[觀察四個(gè)選項(xiàng)可以看出是四種不同的態(tài)度;A項(xiàng)懷疑;B項(xiàng)積極;C項(xiàng)不贊成;D項(xiàng)不關(guān)心(中立)。根據(jù)節(jié)選段最后一句中的“avaluableexperiment”可知,作者認(rèn)為這項(xiàng)工程很有價(jià)值,因此他的態(tài)度應(yīng)當(dāng)是積極肯定的。故選B項(xiàng)。]3.(2018·北京卷閱讀C)Plastic-EatingWormsHumansproducemorethan300milliontonsofplasticeveryyear.Almosthalfofthatwindsupinlandfills(垃圾填埋場),andupto12milliontonspollutetheoceans.Sofarthereisnoeffectivewaytogetridofit,butanewstudysuggestsananswermaylieinthestomachsofsomehungryworms.ResearchersinSpainandEnglandrecentlyfoundthatthewormsofthegreaterwaxmothcanbreakdownpolyethylene,whichaccountsfor40%ofplastics.Theteamleft100waxwormsonacommercialpolyethyleneshoppingbagfor12hours,andthewormsconsumedandbrokedownabout92milligrams,oralmost3%ofit.Toconfirmthattheworms'chewingalonewasnotresponsibleforthepolyethylenebreakdown,theresearchersmadesomewormsintopaste(糊狀物)andappliedittoplasticfilms.14hourslaterthefilmshadlost13%oftheirmass—apparentlybrokendownbyenzymes(酶)fromtheworms'stomachs.TheirfindingswerepublishedinCurrentBiologyin2017.FedericaBertocchini,co-authorofthestudy,saystheworms'abilitytobreakdowntheireverydayfood—beeswax—alsoallowsthemtobreakdownplastic.“Waxisacomplexmixture,butthebasicbondinpolyethylene,thecarbon-carbonbond,isthereaswell,”sheexplains.“Thewaxwormevolvedamethodorsystemtobreakthisbond.”JenniferDeBruyn,amicrobiologistattheUniversityofTennessee,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,saysitisnotsurprisingthatsuchwormscanbreakdownpolyethylene.Butcomparedwithpreviousstudies,shefindsthespeedofbreakingdowninthisoneexciting.Thenextstep,DeBruynsays,willbetoidentifythecauseofthebreakdown.Isitanenzymeproducedbythewormitselforbyitsgutmicrobes(腸道微生物)?Bertocchiniagreesandhopesherteam'sfindingsmightonedayhelpemploytheenzymetobreakdownplasticsinlandfills.Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocess—notsimply“millionsofwormsthrownontopoftheplastic.”Q:Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toexplainastudymethodonworms.B.Tointroducethedietofaspecialworm.C.Topresentawaytobreakdownplastics.D.Toproposenewmeanstokeepeco-balance.解析:C[作者通過本文介紹了一項(xiàng)消除塑料垃圾的研究,顯然是為人們提供了一條清除塑料垃圾的新途徑。故選C項(xiàng)。]4.(2019·衡水二模,B)Don'twanderaimlesslythroughlife.Getconfusedonyourgoals,starthelpingothersinneed,andlivelifetothefullest!Lifeistooshorttobeanythingbuthappy.Visitmyblogandfindwhatyou'vebeenmissing.Signupformynewsletter(時(shí)事通訊)andgetsevenfreee-books,too!Readhundredsofarticleswhileyou'rethereinthearticlesection,whichisupdateddaily.Q:Thistextmustbetakenfrom________.A.a(chǎn)radioprogramB.a(chǎn)websiteC.a(chǎn)newspaperD.a(chǎn)TVprogram解析:B[根據(jù)文中的幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞Visitmyblog,e-books,Signup,updated可知這篇文章選自網(wǎng)站。故選B。]5.(四川卷,D)Awarmdrinkofmilkbeforebedhaslongbeenthebestchoiceforthosewantingagoodnight'ssleep.Butnowastudyhasfounditreallydoeshelppeoplenodoff—ifitismilkedfromacowatnight.Researchershavediscoveredthat“nightmilk”containsmoremelatonin(褪黑激素),whichhasbeenproventohelppeoplefeelsleepyandreduceanxiety.Thestudy,byresearchersfromSeoul,SouthKorea,involvedmicebeingfedwithdriedmilkpowdermadefromcowsmilkedbothduringthedayandatnight.…Previousstudieshavealsoindicatedthatmilkcanbeexcellentforhelpingsleepbecauseofthecalciumcontent,whichhelpspeopletorelax.Q:Howdoestheauthorsupportthethemeofthetext?A.Bygivingexamples.B.Bystatingarguments.C.Byexplainingstatisticaldata.D.Byprovidingresearchresults.解析:D[根據(jù)文章信息Butnowastudyhasfounditreallydoeshelppeoplenodoff...Researchershavediscoveredthat“nightmilk”containsmoremelatonin...Thestudy...involvedmicebeingfedwithdriedmilkpowdermadefromcowsmilkedbothduringthedayandatnight.和Previousstudieshavealsoindicatedthatmilkcanbeexcellentforhelpingsleepbecauseofthecalciumcontent...可知,作者是通過列舉研究結(jié)果來支撐主題。故選D項(xiàng)。][大題提能練]AIndianactorAamirKhanissealinghismajorcelebritystatusinChinawiththecinemaofsocialrelevance.AamirKhanwasinChinatopromotehislatestHindifilmSecretSuperstar.Duringhisweeklongstay,theIndianactoralsofoundoutthathehasbecomeamajorcelebrityinacountrywhereBollywood'sreachhasbeentraditionallylimited.SomelocalanalystscomparehisstardominChinatothatofHollywoodactorsTomHanks,TomCruiseandLeonardoDicaprio.Othersdon'tthinkKhanisanactivistactor.Stillothersdescribehimasafeminist.TheChinesemediaseemtohavesettledforMishu,orUncleAamir.Thesurprisingriseinpopularityofthe52-year-oldBollywoodstarisowingtohiscinemaofsocialrelevancethatChinesemoviegoersdon'tgetenoughoffromtheirownindustryaswellashissavvymarketingandChinaoutreach.Atmorethan1million,KhanhasthemostfollowersforanIndianonSinaWeibo,thecountry'sTwitter-likeplatform.SecretSuperstarhadmademorethan$63millionearlierthisweek.ThestoryofateenageMuslimgirl'sfightagainstuglypatriarchytorealizeherdreamswasreleasedinChinaonJan19,2018.Lastyear,hisfilmDangal,inspiredbytherealjourneyofanIndianwrestlerthroughaconservativelandscapetoturnhisdaughtersintoworld-classathletes,hadmadenearly1.3billionyuan.In2011,Khan'sworkfirstgotmajorattentionfromChinesemoviegoerswithThreeIdiots,whichwasreleasedinIndiamuchearlier.Filmcriticsandfansalikerecommendedittotheirfriends.Somefilmcriticssaytheeducationsystems,genderdiscriminationanddomesticviolence(thatSecretSuperstarshows)areamongclearsimilaritiesofsocialissuesinIndiaandChina.TheaudienceisalsogettingabitboredwithHollywoodfilmsshowninChina.Whileit'sstillearlytoestimateifHollywood'sinfluenceontheChinesemarketisonthewane,thelocalaudience'sappetitefordiversecinemaisdefinitelyonshowandishelpingKhan.[語篇解讀]繼《摔跤吧!爸爸》之后,印度影星“米叔”的又一部力作《神秘巨星》在中國大火。那么,為什么他的每部作品都能在中國走紅呢?1.HowdidKhanmarkethisfilmwisely?A.Byrecommendingitthroughfilmcritics.B.ByattractingfollowersonSinaWeibo.C.BypostingfilmintroductionsonTwitter.D.ByinvitingHollywoodstarstoadvertiseit.解析:B[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段可知,他借助微博來推廣他的電影。]2.WhydidThreeIdiotswintheheartsofChineseaudience?A.Itreflectsseriousfamilyviolence.B.Itisaboutagirltoachievehersuccess.C.IttellstheeducationsystemssimilartothatofChina.D.Itisadaptedfromarealstory.解析:C[推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句話推知,《三傻大鬧寶萊塢》這部電影反映了與中國相似的教育制度,故受到中國觀眾的歡迎。]3.WhatisthecommonthemeofKhan'sfilm?A.Socialissues.B.Romanticlove.C.Cruelwars.D.Familyrelationships.解析:A[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段及第四段第一句推知,他的電影主題往往是社會問題。]4.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.BollywoodreplacesHollywoodontheChinesemarket.B.ItisoftenboringtowatchHollywoodfilms.C.HollywoodfilmshavelostthemarketinChina.D.Chineseaudiencearedevelopingadiverseappetiteforfilms.解析:D[推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可知,現(xiàn)在中國的觀眾形成了多種不同的電影文化口味。]B(2019·大連高三一模)EmiliaDobektracesherinterestinspaceandtheuniversebacktothirdgradewhensheandherfatherwatchedabloodmoon—atotallunareclipse(月食)—ontheroofoftheirhouse.NowaseventhgraderatEastPrairieElementarySchool,DobekrecentlywonthenationalDiscoveryEducationLockheedMartinBeyondChallengebydesigningaspacestationfortravellingtoMars.Shesaysthatnightwatchingthelunareclipsestartedastrongdesireinherthathasyettorunoutoffuel.SowhenherteacherAndreaSmeetonreceivedinformationaboutthenationalchallenge,Smeetonsaidsheimmediatelyhadonestudentinmind.“Iknewshewouldlovethechallengeandthatshewouldgowaybeyondinhersearch,”Smeetonsaid.“Sheimmediatelystartedresearchingbonedensity(密度)ofastronautsandhowtohavefoodonMars.”“Mydesignwillensurethesafetyoftheastronautsbutalsomakesuretheircomfortisoutofthisworld,”Dobeksays.Dobek'sdesigncallsforbuildingtheMSSorMarsStorageStationtoputthesuppliesin.ItalsoincludestheSGForself-GrowingFarm,andshedetailshowitwouldworkwiththeelementsonMars.ThenthereisphysicalandleisureactivityfortheastronautsunderDobek'sdesign.Asimulator(模擬裝置)allowsastronautstochoosetheirexercisemachineandvirtualrealityenvironment.RoomshavecircularceilingssoastronautswillbeabletowatchdownloadedshowsandevenseeplacesonEarth,suchastheirhomes.“Iwanttotellotherkidstofollowtheirpassions,”Dobeksaid.“whatevertheywanttodo,theysh
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