2025屆上海市普陀區(qū)高三下學(xué)期二模英語試卷 含解析

2025年上海市普陀區(qū)二模英語試卷考生注意：1.考試時間105分鐘，試卷滿分115分。2.本次考試設(shè)試卷和答題紙兩部分。所有答題必須涂（選擇題）或?qū)懀ǚ沁x擇題）在答題紙上，做在試卷上一律不得分。3.答題前，務(wù)必在答題紙上填寫準(zhǔn)考證號和姓名，并將核對后的條形碼貼在指定位置上，在答題紙反面清楚地填寫姓名。I.GrammarandvocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.NatureLover?ItMayBeWritteninYourGenesOurloveofthenaturalworldispartiallybakedintoourgenes,astudybyresearchersfromtheUniversityofQueenslandandtheNationalUniversityofSingaporesuggests.UsingdatacollectedbyTwinsUK,themostdetailedandextensivetwinstudyever____1____(carry)out,theteamcomparedthegeneticheritabilityoftwotypesoftrait—howstronglyapersonfeelsconnectedtonature,andtheamountoftime____2____theyspendinnature—inmorethan1,000setsoftwins.Theyfoundthatidenticaltwins,whosharealmostalloftheirgenes,weremoresimilartoeachotherthanfraternaltwins,whosharearoundhalfoftheirgenes,____3____theirappreciationofnature.Thisgeneticinfluence____4____(observe)inbetween34percentforfrequencyofgardenvisitsand44percentforpublicnaturespacevisits,theysaid.“Weweretrulysurprisedby____5____weuncovered,”saidstudyco-authorProfRichardFulleroftheUniversityofQueensland.“Thismeanstheremaybeinborngeneticdifferencesamongpeople’spsychologicalconnectionwithnatureandhowtheyexperience____6____.Ourresultshelptoexplainwhysomepeoplehaveastrongerdesirethanothers____7____(be)innature.”Previousstudieshaveshownthat,____8____peopleareraisedandliveinanurbanorruralenvironment,itinfluenceshowstronglytheywanttobeamongnatureorseekoutoutdoorexperiences.However,thisisanovelstudy____9____(involve)thesuggestionthatgeneticsplaysaroleinhowstronglywefeelaconnectiontonature.Asmoreandmorepeoplelivinginurbanareasarereportinglowerlevelsofwell-being,andareata_____10_____(high)riskofmentalhealthdisorderssuchasdepressionandanxietythanbefore,thestudyhighlightstheimportanceofbringingpeopleclosertonature,theresearcherssay.【答案】1.carried2.that##which3.in4.wasobserved##hadbeenobserved5.what6.it7.tobe8.whether9.involving10.higher【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了昆士蘭大學(xué)和新加坡國立大學(xué)的研究，表明人們對自然的熱愛部分源于基因，還指出基因?qū)εc自然接觸的影響及親近自然的重要性。【1題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：利用TwinsUK收集的數(shù)據(jù)，這是有史以來進行的最詳細、最廣泛的雙胞胎研究，該團隊比較了1000多對雙胞胎中兩種特征的遺傳率——一個人與自然的聯(lián)系有多緊密，以及他們在大自然中度過的時間有多長。“(carry)out”作后置定語，carryout(執(zhí)行，實施)是非謂語動詞，與其邏輯主語“themostdetailedandextensivetwinstudy”之間是被動關(guān)系，且這里表示已經(jīng)完成的動作，用過去分詞表被動和完成。故填carried?！?題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：利用TwinsUK收集的數(shù)據(jù)，這是有史以來進行的最詳細、最廣泛的雙胞胎研究，該團隊比較了1000多對雙胞胎中兩種特征的遺傳率——一個人與自然的聯(lián)系有多緊密，以及他們在大自然中度過的時間有多長?！癬____theyspendinnature”是限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞theamountoftime，關(guān)系詞將其代入從句中作賓語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞that或which引導(dǎo)從句。故填that/which?！?題詳解】考查介詞。句意：他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，幾乎擁有所有相同基因的同卵雙胞胎在對自然的欣賞方面比擁有約一半相同基因的異卵雙胞胎更相似。besimilarin是固定搭配，意為“在……方面相似的”；in表示“在……方面”。故填in?！?題詳解】考查時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：他們表示，這種遺傳影響體現(xiàn)在34%的花園訪問頻率差異和44%的公共自然空間訪問頻率差異中。observe((在科學(xué)研究中)觀測)是謂語動詞，與主語Thisgeneticinfluence是被動關(guān)系，根據(jù)語境，動作發(fā)生在過去，可用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)wasobserved，也可理解為動作發(fā)生在“他們表示”之前，即“過去的過去”，用過去完成時的被動語態(tài)hadbeenobserved。故填wasobserved/hadbeenobserved。【5題詳解】考查賓語從句。句意：“我們對所發(fā)現(xiàn)的感到非常驚訝，”昆士蘭大學(xué)的研究合著者理查德·富勒教授說?！癬____weuncovered”是賓語從句，從句中謂語動詞uncovered缺少賓語，表示“我們所發(fā)現(xiàn)的事情”，用連接代詞what引導(dǎo)從句。故填what?！?題詳解】考查代詞。句意：這意味著人們與自然的心理聯(lián)系以及他們?nèi)绾误w驗自然可能存在天生的基因差異。根據(jù)句意，名詞“nature”作“experience”的賓語，用指示代詞it指代。故填it?！?題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：我們的研究結(jié)果有助于解釋為什么有些人比其他人更渴望身處自然之中。haveadesiretodosth.是固定用法，意為“有做某事的欲望”，用不定式作后置定語。故填tobe。【8題詳解】考查連詞。句意：先前的研究表明，無論人們是在城市還是農(nóng)村環(huán)境中長大和生活，這都會影響他們對融入自然或?qū)で髴敉怏w驗的渴望程度。whether...or...表示“無論……還是……”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。故填whether?！?題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：然而，這是一項新穎的研究，涉及到基因在我們與自然的聯(lián)系強度方面發(fā)揮作用的觀點?！?involve)thesuggestionthatgeneticsplaysaroleinhowstronglywefeelaconnectiontonature”作后置定語，involve(涉及到)是非謂語動詞，與其邏輯主語novelstudy之間主動關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞表主動。故填involving?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞比較級。句意：研究人員表示，隨著越來越多居住在城市地區(qū)的人報告稱幸福感降低，并且比以前患抑郁癥和焦慮癥等心理健康障礙的風(fēng)險更高，這項研究凸顯了讓人們更親近自然的重要性。根據(jù)“thanbefore”可知，用提示詞比較級higher作定語，意為“更高的”。故填higher。SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.advocatingB.alongsideC.committedD.convincingE.handleF.logicG.motivateH.organizationalI.primitivelyJ.sustainK.visualTheArtofPersuasionPersuasionistheartofinfluencingothers’thoughts,feelingsandactions.It’sabout____11____peopletoseethingsfromyourperspective,adoptyourideasortakespecificactions.Whenyou’renegotiatingabusinessdeal,____12____acauseorsimplytryingtogetyourpointacross,persuasionplaysacrucialrole.Employersplaceagreatvalueonemployeeswithpersuasionskillsbecausetheycanimpactseveralaspectsofjobperformance.Besides,teamworkandleadershiprelyheavilyonthepowerofpersuasiontogetthingsdone.Withoutpersuasionskills,employeesmaynotbeas____13____toorconvincedoftheimportanceofanorganization’svisionandlong-termmission.Effectiveuseofpersuasionskillswillnotonlyhelpgetyourcoworkersexcitedaboutyourideas,it’llalsohelpyou____14____themtoachieveacommongoal.Inordertolearntheartofpersuasionattheworkplace,youneedtounderstandhowto____15____conflictsandreachagreements.Goodcommunicationisthefirststepineffectivepersuasion,but____16____andreasoningarejustasimportant.Beforeyoucangetsomebodyon-boardwithyourgoal,youshouldhelpthemunderstandwhytheyshouldpursueit.Using____17____aidstobackupyourideascanhelpillustrateyourideasbetter.Successfulpersuasionskillsarebasedonyourabilitytohavepositiveinteractionsandmaintainmeaningfulrelationshipswithpeople.Inorderto____18____thoserelationships,youmustbeabletoworkintheirbestinterestsaswell.Yourcoworkersaremorelikelytoagreewithyouwhentheysucceed____19____.Themoretheyachieveandthegreaterprogresstheymake,themoretheytrustyourjudgementandstrength.Wepersuadeandgetpersuadedeveryday.Avastmajorityofpeoplefavourcooperationandteamworkovertraditional____20____structures;noonelikestobetoldwhattodoortobepushedaround.Therefore,organizationsandleadersshouldadoptpowerfulpersuasionskillstobringaboutnecessarychanges.【答案】11.D12.A13.C14.G15.E16.F17.K18.J19.B20.H【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了說服的藝術(shù)，闡述了說服技能在職場的重要性，說明了學(xué)習(xí)說服藝術(shù)的方法以及成功說服技能的基礎(chǔ)?！?1題詳解】考查動詞。句意：說服是關(guān)于讓人們從你的角度看事情，采納你的想法或采取特定行動。根據(jù)后文“peopletoseethingsfromyourperspective,adoptyourideasortakespecificactions”可知，這里需要一個表示“使信服、說服”意思的動詞，convince符合語境，且about是介詞，后接動名詞形式convincing。故選D項?！?2題詳解】考查動詞。句意：當(dāng)你在談一筆生意、倡導(dǎo)一項事業(yè)或只是想表達你的觀點時，說服起著至關(guān)重要的作用。根據(jù)后文“acause”可知，這里需要一個表示“倡導(dǎo)、擁護”意思的動詞，advocate符合語境，和negotiating并列，都用現(xiàn)在分詞形式advocating。故選A項?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：沒有說服技巧，員工可能不會那么致力于或相信一個組織的愿景和長期使命的重要性。根據(jù)后文“toorconvincedoftheimportanceofanorganization’svisionandlongtermmission”可知，這里需要一個表示“致力于……的”意思的形容詞，committed符合語境，作表語，becommittedto是固定搭配，意為“致力于”。故選C項?！?4題詳解】考查動詞。句意：有效運用說服技巧不僅能讓你的同事對你的想法感到興奮，還能激勵他們實現(xiàn)一個共同的目標(biāo)。根據(jù)后文“themtoachieveacommongoal”可知，這里需要一個表示“激勵”意思的動詞，motivate符合語境，helpsb.dosth.是固定搭配，用省略to的不定式作賓語補足語。故選G項?！?5題詳解】考查動詞。句意：為了在職場學(xué)習(xí)說服的藝術(shù)，你需要了解如何處理沖突并達成協(xié)議。根據(jù)后文“conflictsandreachagreements”可知，這里需要一個表示“處理”意思的動詞，handle符合語境，用原形構(gòu)成不定式短語。故選E項?！?6題詳解】考查名詞。句意：良好的溝通是有效說服的第一步，但邏輯和推理同樣重要。根據(jù)后文“andreasoningarejustasimportant”可知，這里需要一個和“推理”意思相關(guān)的名詞，logic符合語境，作主語。故選F項?！?7題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：使用視覺輔助工具來支持你的想法可以幫助你更好地闡述你的想法。根據(jù)后文“aidstobackupyourideas”和“illustrateyourideasbetter”可知，這里需要一個表示“視覺的”意思的形容詞，visual符合語境，作定語。故選K項?！?8題詳解】考查動詞。句意：為了維持這些關(guān)系，你也必須能夠為他們的最大利益行事。根據(jù)后文“thoserelationships”可知，這里需要一個表示“維持”意思的動詞，sustain符合語境，用原形構(gòu)成不定式短語。故選J項?！?9題詳解】考查介詞。句意：當(dāng)你的同事和你一起取得成功時，他們更有可能同意你的觀點。根據(jù)后文“Themoretheyachieveandthegreaterprogresstheymake,themoretheytrustyourjudgementandstrength.”可推知，同事和你一起取得成功，他們會更支持你，表示“和……一起”，介詞alongside符合語境。故選B項。【20題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：絕大多數(shù)人更喜歡合作和團隊協(xié)作，而不是傳統(tǒng)的組織架構(gòu)；沒有人喜歡被指使或被擺布。根據(jù)前文“traditional”和后文“noonelikestobetoldwhattodoortobepushedaround”可推知，大多數(shù)人不喜歡傳統(tǒng)的組織架構(gòu)，用形容詞organizational作定語，意為“組織的”，符合語境。故選H項。II.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Asmachine-learningmusicspecialistProfNickBryan-Kinnsexplains,newneural(神經(jīng))networksarecapableofwritingoriginalmusic—butmaynever—____21____meaningfullyrics(歌詞).MusicAIsuseneuralnetworksthatarereallylargesetsofbitsofcomputersthattryto____22____howthebrainworks.Andyoucanbasicallythrowlotsofmusicatthisneuralnetworkanditlearnspatterns—justlikehowthehumanbraindoesby____23____beingshownthings.What’s____24____abouttoday’sneuralnetworksisthatthey’regettingbiggerandbigger,andthey’rebecomingharderandharderforhumanstounderstandwhatthey’reactuallydoing.We’regettingtoapointnowwherewehavetheseessentiallyblackboxesthatweputmusicintoandnicenewmusic____25____Butwedon’treallyunderstandthedetailsofwhatit’sdoing.Theseneuralnetworksalso____26____alotofenergy.Ifyou’retryingtotrainAItoanalyzethelast20yearsofpopmusic,forinstance,you’re____27____allthatdatainandthenusinga

lot

ofelectricitytodotheanalysisandtogenerateanewsong.Atsomepoint,we’regoingtohavetoquestionwhethertheenvironmentalimpactisworththisnewmusic.There’salittlebitof____28____andmirrorsgoingonwithAImusicatthemoment.YoucanthrowAmyWinehouse’sbackcatalogueintoanAIandaloadofmusicwillcomeout.Butsomebodyhastogoand____29____that.TheyhavetodecidewhichpartstheylikeandwhichpartstheAIneedsto____30____abitmore.Theproblemisthatwe’retryingtotraintheAItomakemusicthatwelike,butwe’renot____31____ittomakemusicthatitlikes.Maybethecomputerlikesadifferentkindofmusicthanwedo.

MaybethefuturewouldjustbealltheAIslisteningtomusictogetherwithouthumans.I’malsokindof____32____thatoneaswell.AIcangeneratelyricsthatareinterestingandhaveaninterestingnarrativeflow.Butlyricsforsongsaretypicallybasedon

lyricists’____33____,what’shappenedtothem.Lyricistswriteaboutfallinginlove,thingsthathavegonewrongintheirlives,orsimple____34____likewatchingthesunrise.

AIsdon’tdothat.I’mnotsurethatanAIwillhavethatpotentialtobeableto____35____somethingmeaningfultopeople.21.A.interpret B.compose C.recite D.perform22.A.reflect B.stimulate C.replace D.imitate23.A.repeatedly B.consequently C.randomly D.instantly24.A.sensible B.harmonious C.tricky D.curious25.A.runsout B.comesout C.givesout D.putsout26.A.consume B.preserve C.generate D.waste27.A.displaying B.processing C.feeding D.gathering28.A.smoke B.light C.cloud D.fire29.A.promote B.play C.memorize D.edit30.A.decideon B.workon C.insiston D.relyon31.A.requesting B.persuading C.allowing D.enabling32.A.doubtfulabout B.incapableof C.confidentabout D.convincedof33.A.contributions B.experiences C.resolution D.fantasy34.A.anxieties B.burdens C.duties D.pleasures35.A.attain B.broadcast C.communicate D.restore【答案】21.B22.D23.A24.C25.B26.A27.C28.A29.D30.B31.C32.A33.B34.D35.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了人工智能音樂的相關(guān)情況，包括神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)創(chuàng)作音樂的原理、耗能問題、創(chuàng)作現(xiàn)狀以及存在的局限性等?！?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：正如機器學(xué)習(xí)音樂專家尼克·布萊恩金斯教授所解釋的，新的神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)能夠創(chuàng)作原創(chuàng)音樂，但可能永遠無法創(chuàng)作有意義的歌詞。A.interpret解釋；B.compose創(chuàng)作；C.recite背誦；D.perform表演。根據(jù)前文“writingoriginalmusic”和后文“meaningfullyrics”可推知，這里說的是創(chuàng)作音樂和歌詞。故選B項。【22題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：音樂人工智能使用的神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)實際上是大量的計算機程序片段，它們試圖模仿大腦的工作方式。A.reflect反映；B.stimulate刺激；C.replace代替；D.imitate模仿。根據(jù)后文“howthebrainworks”和“itlearnspatterns—justlikehowthehumanbraindoes”可知，神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)是模仿大腦的工作方式。故選D項?！?3題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：你基本上可以向這個神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)輸入大量的音樂，它會學(xué)習(xí)模式——就像人類大腦通過反復(fù)被展示事物來學(xué)習(xí)一樣。A.repeatedly反復(fù)地；B.consequently因此；C.randomly隨機地；D.instantly立刻。結(jié)合常識和“justlikehowthehumanbraindoes”可知，人類大腦是通過反復(fù)接觸事物來學(xué)習(xí)模式的。故選A項。【24題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：如今的神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)棘手的地方在于，它們變得越來越龐大，人類越來越難以理解它們實際上在做什么。A.sensible明智的；B.harmonious和諧的；C.tricky棘手的；D.curious好奇的。根據(jù)后文“they’rebecomingharderandharderforhumanstounderstandwhatthey’reactuallydoing”可知，人類越來越難以理解它，這是神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)讓人類感到棘手的地方。故選C項?！?5題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：我們現(xiàn)在到了這樣一個階段，我們有這些本質(zhì)上的黑匣子，我們把音樂放進去，然后就會有美妙的新音樂出來。A.runsout用完；B.comesout出來；C.givesout分發(fā)；D.putsout撲滅。根據(jù)前文“putmusicinto”和“nicenewmusic”可知，我們在神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中放入音樂后，新的音樂就會創(chuàng)作出來。故選B項。【26題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這些神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)也消耗大量的能量。A.consume消耗；B.preserve保存；C.generate產(chǎn)生；D.waste浪費。根據(jù)后文“usingalotofelectricitytodotheanalysisandtogenerateanewsong. Atsomepoint,we’regoingtohavetoquestionwhethertheenvironmentalimpactisworththisnewmusic.”可知，神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)消耗大量能量。故選A項。【27題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：例如，如果你試圖訓(xùn)練人工智能來分析過去20年的流行音樂，你要把所有的數(shù)據(jù)輸入進去，然后使用大量的電力來進行分析并生成一首新歌。A.displaying展示；B.processing處理；C.feeding輸入，把……放進機器；D.gathering收集。根據(jù)后文“allthatdatain”可知，是把數(shù)據(jù)輸入到人工智能中。故選C項。【28題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：目前人工智能音樂有點像煙霧和鏡子(華而不實)。A.smoke煙霧；B.light光；C.cloud云；D.fire火。根據(jù)后文“ YoucanthrowAmyWinehouse’sbackcatalogueintoanAIandaloadofmusicwillcomeout.Butsomebodyhastogoand9that.TheyhavetodecidewhichpartstheylikeandwhichpartstheAIneedsto10abitmore.”可知，人工智能產(chǎn)生的音樂仍然需要人工處理，所以它并不是看上去那么美好；“smokeandmirrors”是固定表達，意為“煙霧和鏡子；障眼法；故弄玄虛”。故選A項?！?9題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：但必須有人去編輯這些音樂。A.promote促進；B.play演奏；C.memorize記??；D.edit編輯。根據(jù)后文“TheyhavetodecidewhichpartstheylikeandwhichpartstheAIneedsto10abitmore”可知，需要有人對人工智能生成的音樂進行編輯。故選D項?！?0題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：他們必須決定哪些部分他們喜歡，哪些部分人工智能需要再加工一下。A.decideon決定；B.workon努力改進，從事；C.insiston堅持；D.relyon依靠。根據(jù)前文“whichpartstheylike”和“whichpartstheAIneeds...”可推知，發(fā)現(xiàn)不喜歡的部分，人類就會要求人工智能對其進行改進，再加工。故選B項。【31題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：問題是我們試圖訓(xùn)練人工智能制作我們喜歡的音樂，但我們沒有讓它制作它自己喜歡的音樂。A.requesting請求；B.persuading說服；C.allowing允許；D.enabling使能夠。根據(jù)前文“We’retryingtotraintheAItomakemusicthatwelike”和“but”的轉(zhuǎn)折可知，我們沒有讓人工智能制作它自己喜歡的音樂。故選C項。【32題詳解】考查形容詞短語辨析。句意：我對此也有點懷疑。A.doubtfulabout對……懷疑；B.incapableof不能；沒有能力；C.confidentabout對……有信心；D.convincedof相信；確信。根據(jù)后文對人工智能創(chuàng)作歌詞的質(zhì)疑可知，作者對此是懷疑的。故選A項?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但歌曲的歌詞通常是基于詞作者的經(jīng)歷，他們所經(jīng)歷的事情。A.contributions貢獻；B.experiences經(jīng)歷；C.resolution決心；D.fantasy幻想。根據(jù)后文“what’shappenedtothem”和“Lyricistswriteaboutfallinginlove,thingsthathavegonewrongintheirlives”可知，歌詞基于詞作者的經(jīng)歷。故選B項?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：詞作者會寫關(guān)于墜入愛河、生活中出現(xiàn)的問題，或者像看日出這樣簡單的快樂。A.anxieties焦慮；B.burdens負擔(dān)；C.duties職責(zé)；D.pleasures快樂。結(jié)合常識和“watchingthesunrise”可知，看日出是一種簡單的快樂。故選D項?！?5題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我不確定人工智能是否有潛力向人們傳達有意義的東西。A.attain獲得；B.broadcast廣播；C.communicate傳達；D.restore恢復(fù)。根據(jù)前文“Butlyricsforsongsaretypicallybasedon

lyricists’13,what’shappenedtothem.Lyricistswriteaboutfallinginlove,thingsthathavegonewrongintheirlives,orsimple14likewatchingthesunrise.

AIsdon’tdothat.”可知，作者質(zhì)疑人工智能創(chuàng)作歌詞的能力，不確定它能否向人們傳達有意義的東西。故選C項。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)AnimalWelfareinTourismOverdecadesoftravelling,Ihavecomeacrosssomeshockingtreatmentofanimalsclearlybeingexploitedforourentertainment.ThelasttimewasinMorocco,whenIwasinvestigatingthemacaquestheyuseasattractionsinthemarkets.Thesepoormonkeyswerekeptinterribleconditionsandphysicallyabused.Lockedupduringthedaytime,they’dbebroughtoutintheearlyeveningforphotoopportunitieswithholidaymakers.Itseemslikelythatanimalexploitationisincreasingwiththeriseofselfie(自拍)culture,andthatit’snotfullyunderstoodbymuchofthepublic—whichiswhywedesperatelyneedlawstopreventtravelcompaniessellingticketstocruelattractions.Sadlythough,thewaythingsstand,it’sanabsolutelypointlesspieceoflegislation.Whilethelastgovernmentwenttothetroubleofpassingthisact,itfailedtosetoutalistofactivitiesbannedunderit.Thatmeansthousandsofholidaymakerscancontinuetobuyticketstoattractionsthattreatanimalscruellythissummer.Buttherearesomesimpleyetpowerfulthingswecanalldotohelpshutdownthesecrueltrades.Forstartersweneedtousethepoundsinourpocketsasaformofprotest.Thissummer,simplyrefusetospendmoneyonanyexperiencethatmightcausesufferingtoanimals.Andblowthewhistlehardonanycrueltyyoucomeacross.Youcanreportincidentsofanimalcrueltyattouristattractionsanywhereintheworldtoanimalwelfareorganizations,whowilluseittocreateafileofevidencetoputpressureonthenewgovernmenttomakesureanimalsarenotpushedaside.Yourevidenceisvital.It’stimetodobetterandmakesurewechoosewellwhenitcomestosatisfyingourinbornurgetoexperiencetheanimalsweshareourplanetwith.Weshouldhaverespectforalllifeandwanttotreasureit.Nofive-minutethrillorsubsequentsocialmediapostwegetfromananimalencounterisworthalifetimeofmiseryforthem.Weneedtoremember,theirlivesareasimportantasours.36.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrueaboutthemacaquesinMorocco?A.Theywerepartofawildlifeconservationproject.B.Theywerefreetomovearoundduringthedaytime.C.Theyweretakencareofbyanimalwelfareorganizations.D.Theywerecagedinthedayandusedforphotosintheevening.37Whydoestheauthorconsiderthecurrentlawagainstanimalcrueltyineffective?A.Itlacksaclearlistofbannedpractices.B.Itwasrejectedbythepreviousgovernment.C.Itonlyappliestodomesticanimalabuse.D.Itisnotsupportedbythetravelcompanies.38.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheauthor’sopinionon“selfieculture”?A.Ithelpspromoteanimalwelfarethroughsocialmedia.B.Itcontributestotheriseofanimalexploitation.C.Itencouragestouriststobemoreenvironmentallyaware.D.Itreflectshumanindifferencetoanimalsuffering.39.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.TodescribeashockingtouristexperienceinMorocco.B.Toexposeanimalcrueltyintourismandcallforaction.C.Toanalyzethereasonsfortheincreaseinanimalexploitation.D.Tointroducethecurrentlawsaboutanimalwelfareintourism.【答案】36.D37.A38.B39.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。文章揭露了旅游業(yè)中動物遭受虐待的現(xiàn)象，指出當(dāng)前法律的不足，呼吁人們采取行動保護動物，尊重生命?！?6題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“ThelasttimewasinMorocco,whenIwasinvestigatingthemacaquestheyuseasattractionsinthemarkets.Thesepoormonkeyswerekeptinterribleconditionsandphysicallyabused.

Lockedupduringthedaytime,they’dbebroughtoutintheearlyeveningforphotoopportunitieswithholidaymakers.(上一次是在摩洛哥，當(dāng)時我正在調(diào)查他們在市場上用來吸引人的獼猴。這些可憐的猴子被關(guān)在惡劣的環(huán)境中，受到身體虐待。它們白天被關(guān)起來，傍晚時分被帶出來和度假者合影)”可知，摩洛哥的獼猴白天被關(guān)在籠子里，晚上被用于拍照，所以D項“Theywerecagedinthedayandusedforphotosintheevening.(白天把它們關(guān)在籠子里，晚上用來拍照)”是正確表述。故選D項。【37題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Whilethelastgovernmentwenttothetroubleofpassingthisact,itfailedtosetoutalistofactivitiesbannedunderit.Thatmeansthousandsofholidaymakerscancontinuetobuyticketstoattractionsthattreatanimalscruellythissummer.(雖然上屆政府費心通過了這項法案，但它沒有列出根據(jù)該法案禁止的活動清單。這意味著成千上萬的度假者今年夏天可以繼續(xù)購買那些殘忍對待動物的景點的門票)”可知，作者認為當(dāng)前反虐待動物的法律無效是因為它缺乏明確的禁止行為清單。故選A項?！?8題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Itseemslikelythatanimalexploitationisincreasingwiththeriseofselfieculture(隨著自拍文化的興起，動物被剝削的現(xiàn)象似乎在增加)”可知，作者認為自拍文化導(dǎo)致了動物被剝削現(xiàn)象的增加。故選B項?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Overdecadesoftravelling,Ihavecomeacrosssomeshockingtreatmentofanimalsclearlybeingexploitedforourentertainment.(在幾十年的旅行中，我遇到了一些令人震驚的動物待遇，它們顯然是為了供我們娛樂而被剝削)”、第二段中“Buttherearesomesimpleyetpowerfulthingswecanalldotohelpshutdownthesecrueltrades.(但我們都可以做一些簡單而有力的事情來幫助取締這些殘忍的交易)”和最后一段中“It’stimetodobetterandmakesurewechoosewellwhenitcomestosatisfyingourinbornurgetoexperiencetheanimalsweshareourplanetwith.(是時候做得更好了，當(dāng)涉及到滿足我們天生的渴望去體驗與我們共享地球的動物時，確保我們做出正確的選擇)”可知，文章先揭露了旅游業(yè)中動物被虐待的現(xiàn)象，然后呼吁人們采取行動。所以文章的主要目的是揭露旅游業(yè)中的動物虐待現(xiàn)象并呼吁采取行動。故選B項。(B)Inrecentyears,professionalorganizationsintheforeignlanguagefieldhavecollaboratedtosetprofessionalgoals,establishpolicies,andprovidevaluablesupport.Hereisalistofkeymembershiporganizations.Formoreinformationandupdates,youcanvisitthelinkstotheseorganizations’sitesontheTeacher’sHandbookwebsite.MLA:Foundedin1883,theModernLanguageAssociation(MLA)promotesthestudyandteachingoflanguagesandliteraturesandoffersopportunitiesforitsmemberstosharetheirscholarlyliteraryfindingsandteachingexperienceswithcolleagues.Composedofnearly30,000membersin100countries,MLAhostsanannualconventionandothermeetings,workswithrelatedorganizations,andmaintainsoneofthefinestpublishingprogramsinthehumanities.Itsinvolvementwithforeignlanguageteachingandlearningspecificallyisevidencedbyitsroleinthecreationofotherkeyorganizations.CTFL:ThenationalumbrellaorganizationfortheforeignlanguageteachingprofessionistheCouncilontheTeachingofForeignLanguages(CTFL),foundedin1967bytheleadershipoftheMLA,toaddressissuesofteacherpreparation,languageinstruction,andcurriculumdevelopment.Inrecentyears,CTFLlauncheditsResearchPrioritiesinForeignLanguageEducationProgramtoidentifykeyareasinwhichresearchisneededtoinformandimproveclassroompracticeandtosponsorthisresearchthroughfunding,publication.TESOL:TESOLstandsforTeachersofEnglishtoSpeakersofOtherLanguages,andtheprofessionalassociationisTESOLInternationalAssociation.ThefieldofteachingEnglishtospeakersofotherlanguagesisaprofessionalpursuitthatrequiresspecializedtraining.TESOLdiffersfromteachingEnglishtonativespeakersofEnglish,sinceitsprimaryfocusisonteachingnon-nativestocommunicateinEnglishandunderstandculturalpracticesofEnglish-speakingcommunities.Englishasasecondlanguage(ESL)educatorsteachEnglishlanguagelearners(ELLs)incountrieswhereEnglishisthedominantlanguage,suchasAustralia,Canada,England,andtheUnitedStates.Englishasaforeignlanguage(EFL)educatorsteachincountrieswhereEnglishisspokenonlyasaforeignlanguage,suchasJapanandSaudiArabia.40.WhatistheprimaryfocusoftheModernLanguageAssociation(MLA)?A.PromotingtheteachingofEnglishtospeakersofotherlanguages.B.Facilitatingthestudyandteachingoflanguagesandliteratures.C.Improvinglanguageinstructionthroughspecializedtraining.D.Fundingresearchinforeignlanguageeducation.41.WhatisasignificantprograminitiatedbytheCTFLinrecentyears?A.Anannualconventionforlanguageteachers.B.Alanguagepublishingprogramforliterarystudies.C.Establishingaglobalnetworkoflanguageeducators.D.TheResearchPrioritiesinForeignLanguageEducationProgram.42.HowdoesTESOLdifferfromMLAandCTFL?A.TESOLismorefocusedonliterature,whileMLAandCTFLfocusonlanguage.B.TESOLpromotesthestudyofalllanguages,whileMLAandCTFLfocusonEnglish.C.TESOLisspecifictoteachingEnglishtonon-nativespeakers,unlikeMLAandCTFL.D.TESOLoperatesinEnglish-speakingcountries,whileMLAandCTFLworkinternationally.【答案】40.B41.D42.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了外語領(lǐng)域的三個重要專業(yè)組織——MLA、CTFL和TESOL?！?0題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)MLA部分中“Foundedin1883,theModernLanguageAssociation(MLA)promotesthestudyandteachingoflanguagesandliteraturesandoffersopportunitiesforitsmemberstosharetheirscholarlyliteraryfindingsandteachingexperienceswithcolleagues.(成立于1883年的現(xiàn)代語言協(xié)會(MLA)促進語言和文學(xué)的學(xué)習(xí)與教學(xué)，并為其成員提供與同事分享學(xué)術(shù)文學(xué)研究成果和教學(xué)經(jīng)驗的機會)”可知，MLA的主要重點是促進語言和文學(xué)的學(xué)習(xí)與教學(xué)。故選B項?！?1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)CTFL部分中“Inrecentyears,CTFLlauncheditsResearchPrioritiesinForeignLanguageEducationProgramtoidentifykeyareasinwhichresearchisneededtoinformandimproveclassroompracticeandtosponsorthisresearchthroughfunding,publication.(近年來，CTFL發(fā)起了外語教育研究優(yōu)先項目，以確定需要進行研究的關(guān)鍵領(lǐng)域，為課堂實踐提供信息并加以改進，并通過資金和出版物來資助這項研究)”可知，CTFL近年來發(fā)起的一個重要項目是外語教育研究優(yōu)先項目。故選D項?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TESOL部分中“TESOLdiffersfromteachingEnglishtonativespeakersofEnglish,sinceitsprimaryfocusisonteachingnon-nativestocommunicateinEnglishandunderstandculturalpracticesofEnglishspeakingcommunities.(TESOL與向以英語為母語的人教授英語不同，因為它的主要重點是教非母語人士用英語進行交流，并了解英語國家的文化習(xí)俗)”可知，TESOL專門針對向非母語人士教授英語，這與MLA和CTFL不同。故選C項。(C)FromCrisistoCommunityCurrencyThefinancialcrisisof2008sentshockwavesthroughoutmanycountriesintheEurozone,andindeedtheworld.OneofthehardesthitnationswasGreece.FormanyGreeksthismeantbeingthrownontothebreadlineorworsestill,plungingbelowthelineofpoverty.Forothers,thecreditcrunch(信貸緊縮)preventedthemfromusingcreditcardsastheirdebtsmounted.Whilemostpeoplefelthopeless,manydecidedtotakethebullbythehorns.WhenresidentsofthesmalltownofVolosfoundthemselvesstrugglingtoaffordevenessentialitemsineuros,whattheydidwastocomeupwithanalternativecurrency.TheypayforthegoodsinTEM,TEMbeingalocalalternativecurrencythatpeoplecanearnbyofferingtheirservicesorgoodstoothers.TheTEMsystem,whichbringstomindtheancientbarteringsystem,operatesonanexchangebasis.MembersoftheTEMcommunitygaincreditbydoingjobsforotherpeopleorsellingthemtheirownproduce.Forexample,bysellingclothesinTEMatthemarket,atradercouldgetlanguageorcomputerlessonsinreturn.Asonestall-holderatthemarketputit,“Wehavereachedthebottomofourlivesandwenowhavetothinkinadifferentway.”Butit’snotonlyatthelocalmarketthatTEMisaccepted.Evenwell-establishedlocalshopsinVoloswillacceptbothTEMandeuros.Insomecases,paymentcanbemadeinparteuroandpartTEM.Hard-upcustomerscan,therefore,makemoreaffordablepurchasesandstoreownerscancovertheircosts.So,howdoesthesystemoperateinpracticalterms?Thesystem,whichhasbeendevelopedonline,requiresmemberstohaveTEMaccounts.Theseaccounts,whicharecreditedwhentheyearnTEManddebitedwhentheymakeapurchase,arecloselyregulatedbyfoundingmembersoftheTEMcommunity.Butforthosewhofeelthatparallelcurrenciesaretooc