江蘇省南通市2024-2025學年高二下學期教學質量調研（一）英語試卷（3月）（解析版）

高級中學名校試題PAGEPAGE1江蘇省南通市2024-2025學年高二下學期教學質量調研（一）英語試卷（3月）第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、Ｃ三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whyisthewomannervous?A.Sheisdoingapresentation.B.Sheismeetinghernewboss.C.Shehastofinishherworkby3:00p.m.【答案】A【原文】M:Don’tforgetthatwehaveameetingat3:00p.m.Alltheofficesfromaroundtheworldarejoiningit.W:Iknow.I’msonervoustogiveapresentationinfrontofsomanypeople.2.Atwhichplacewillthespeakersprobablyeatlunch?A.Apark. B.Theoffice. C.Arestaurant.【答案】B【原文】M:Hey,comeintothemainoffice!Thebosshasboughtusfriednoodlesfromthatnicerestaurantnearthepark,tocelebratefinishingtheproject!W:IwishI’dknown!I’vebroughtsandwiches.M:Don’tworry,justputtheminthefridge.Youcaneatthemlater!3.WhatdidFrankdowhenhepassedthewoman’shousetoday?A.Hesmiledather. B.Hewavedtoher. C.Heignoredher.【答案】C【原文】W:What’swrongwithFrank?Healwayswaveswhenhepassesmyhouse,butheevendidn’tlookatmetoday.M:Maybehehasalotonhismind.HedidsmilethelasttimeIsawhim.W:He’susuallyveryfriendly.It’snotlikehimtoignoreme.4.Whatisthemaintopicoftheconversation?A.Afilm. B.Amuseum. C.Adesigner.【答案】B【原文】M:Isawanewsreportthatsaidthefilmmuseumisoneofthemostmodernbuildingsinthatcity.W:Yes,that’sright.Itwasdesignedbyaveryfamousdesignerandthere’sstillalottobedonetofinishit.5.Howwillthemangethomefromschooltoday?A.Byridinghisbike.B.Bybeingpickedupbyhismother.C.Bygettingaridefromhiscoach.【答案】C【原文】M:Hi,Mom.Ididn’tridemybiketoschool,butmycoachsaidhewoulddrivemehomeaftertherunningpractice.W:Oh,Ialmostforgottopickyouup.PleasesaythankyoutoCoachVincefordoingthat!第二節(jié)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。6.Wherearethespeakersprobably?A.Athome. B.Atamall. C.Atapark.7.WhatdoesthemansuggestJilldo?A.Gocamping. B.Gotoseeherfriends. C.Goforawalk.【答案】6.A7.C【原文】M:Areyoustillsleeping,Jill?I’mdisappointedinyou.W:Butit’sacold,rainyday,Dad.It’sperfectforsleeping,isn’tit?M:Iguessso.Butisthatreallyhowyouwanttospendyourtime?WhenIwasyourage,Iwasalwaysattheparkwithmyfriends.W:Well,myfriendsareallatthatmathcamp.WhatdoyouthinkIshouldbedoing?M:Idon’tknow.You’reyoung,andyouhavesomuchenergy.Whynotgotothemallacrossthestreetandtakeawalkthere?聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。8.Whatdoesthewomanthinkaboutrecyclingcups?A.Itissomethingeveryoneshoulddo.B.Itcanbeaveryprofitablebusiness.C.Itplaysasmallpartinenvironmentalprotection.9.Whatwillthespeakersworkontogether?A.Aletter. B.Avideo. C.Anewspaper.【答案】8.C9.B【原文】M:Inoticeyoualwaysthrowyourpapercupinthenormalbininsteadoftherecyclingone.W:BecauseIdon’tbelieverecyclingcupsmakesabigdifference.M:Butifeveryonerecyclespaperproducts,wewon’tneedtocutdownthatmanytrees.W:Buttherearealwayssometreesgrowntobecutdownforwoodandpaper.Whatweshoulddoisplantmoretrees.M:Ithinkyou’rewrongaboutrecycling,butyou’rerightaboutplantingtrees.Youshouldwritealettertothenewspaper.W:Ithinkit’sbettertomakeavideoandputitonsocialmedia.M:Whydon’tyoudothat?Youhavemillionsoffollowers.W:Well,wouldyouliketojoinme?M:Sure!聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。10.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Husbandandwife.B.Bossandemployee.C.Houseownerandhousebuyer.11.Howmuchdothespeakersplantospendonhousing?A.$500. B.$1000. C.$2000.12.Whatdoesthewomanneed?A.Goodviews. B.Bigbedrooms. C.Astudy.【答案】10.A11.A12.C【原文】W:Ilikethishouse,butI’mworriedwewon’thaveenoughmoneytopaytherenteachmonth.M:Don’tworryaboutthat.Oncewegetthebusinessupandrunning,we’llhavemorethanenough.W:Honey,Itrustyou.Butbeforeourbusinessgetsup,we’dbetterfindanaffordablehouse.Justincasewerunintodifficulties.M:You’reright.Let’ssee.Nowthishouseis$1000permonth,whichdoublestheamountofmoneywe’replanningtospendonhousing.W:Yes,butitisreallyagoodhouse.Ilovethisbigbedroomforourkids.M:Yeah.Andthishousereallyhasagoodview.Well,Iguessweneedtonarrowdownouroptionsnow.Houseswithgoodviewsaredefinitelymuchmoreexpensive.W:Yeah,theonlythingIreallycareaboutinthehouseisastudy,sincethatistheplacewherewecangetourbusinessgrowing.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。13.WhatisChris’job?A.Ashowhost. B.Ascientist. C.Anastronaut.14.WhathasDoctorWang’steamrecentlyreceived?A.Apictureofanewlab.B.Apictureofablackhole.C.Apictureofanewtelescope.15.Whyistheimageexciting?A.Itmeansanewgalaxywillbefound.B.Itindicateshumanscanreachmoregalaxies.C.ItprovestheguessabouttheMilkyWaygalaxyisright.16.Whatwillthespeakersdonext?A.Lookattheimage.B.VisitDoctorWang'slab.C.Introduceanotherbreakthrough.【答案】13.A14.B15.C16.A【原文】M:TodayontheshowwehaveDoctorWang.W:Thanksforhavingme,Chris.Ilovewatchingyourshow.M:Thankyou.Sowhydon’tyoutellouraudiencewhatyoudoforaliving?W:I’mascientistwhostudiesobjectsinspace.M:Andyourecentlymadeabigdiscovery.Isthatright?W:Yes,usingthenewEventHorizonTelescope,wenowhaveaclearimageofablackhole.M:Notjustanyblackhole,buttheoneatthecenterofourgalaxy.W:Yes,exactly.WehavealwaysthoughttherewasablackholeatthecenteroftheMilkyWaygalaxy,butnowwehaveproof.It’ssoexciting!M:Yeah,itsureis.Sowhatwillyoudonow?W:Wewillcontinuetotakemoreimagesandstudythemtoseewhatelsewecanfindoutaboutthisblackhole.M:I’vestartedhopingyou’llcomebackandsharenewbreakthroughswithouraudiencenexttime.Butbeforethat,Ican’twaitanylongertoseetheimageyou’vegot.Isitwithyou?W:Oh,no,Ileftitinourlab.Ha-ha,I’mjoking.Herewego…聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題。17.WhatdidPresidentUlyssesS.GrantdoforYellowstoneNationalPark?A.Hegaveitaname.B.Hesignedalawtoprotectit.C.Hemadeitlargerthanbefore.18.WhatactivityisthemostpopularoneinYellowstoneaccordingtothespeaker?A.Bird-watching. B.Camping. C.Hiking.19.Inwhichstateisthemainattractionlocated?A.Wyoming. B.Montana. C.Idaho.20.WhatislocatedunderYellowstoneLake?A.Agrassland. B.Amountain. C.Avolcano.【答案】17.B18.B19.A20.C【原文】TheUnitedStateshasmanybeautifulnationalparks.ButthemostbeautifulofthemallisYellowstoneNationalPark.ItsnamewastakenfromtheYellowstoneRiver,whichflowsthroughthepark.MostofYellowstoneislocatedinWyoming,butsmallpartsextendintoMontanaandIdaho.Thepark’sprotectionwassignedintolawonMarch1st,1872,byPresidentUlyssesS.Grant.ItwasthefirstnationalparkintheU.S.andwaswidelyconsideredtobethefirstintheworld.DoingsomeoutdooractivitiesinYellowstonealwaystopsmostAmericans’must-dolists,suchashikingandbird-watching.Butamongalloftheseactivities,campingisthemostpopularone.ThemainattractionoftheparkisawaterfallinWyoming.Touristscanalsoenjoygreatviewsoflakes,mountains,colorfulrocks,andgrasslandsacrossthepark.YellowstoneLakeisoneofthelargestlakesinNorthAmerica,anditrestsontopoftheYellowstoneCaldera,anactivevolcanothatisalsothelargestsupervolcanoonthecontinent.Theparkisalsoanamazingplacetoseewildlifelikebears,wolves,anddeer.YellowstoneisoneofthemostpopularnationalparkdestinationsintheU.S.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AInterestedinwriting,photographyorcurrentevents?Lookingforanexperiencetoinspireyourcollegeessays?Orhopingtoexploreaworld-classcitywithnewfriendsthissummer?Ifso,checkouttheBostonUniversitySummerJournalismAcademy.It’saprogramcreatedandrunbyBostonUniversity,wherehighschoolstudents:●learnfromaward-winning,workingjournalists—includingtwowhohavesharedinPulitzerPrizesfortheirreporting.●reportonactualeventsaroundBostonoryourhometown.●placestorieswithBoston’sDailyFreePress,oneofthetopcollegenewspapers.●improvetheirwriting,interviewing,andresearchskills—applicableforanymajorandcareer.Theacademyofferstwooptions:anon-campus,residentialprogramoverprogramoverthreeweeksforstudentswithjournalismexperience,andalearn-from-homeprogramovertwoweeksforallexperiencelevels.Forstudentsinterestedinphotography,weofferaspecialphotojournalismtrackforboth.Everyoptionisorganizedinthreesections:●Classroomstartseachdaywithareviewofjournalismfundamentalsinacollegiateformat.Auniversity-leveljournalismtextbookprovidesdailyreadingsandwritingassignments.●NewsroomprovidestimeforstudentstoapplywhattheylearnintheClassroomtohands-onjournalismassignments.Overtherestoftheirday,studentsconductinterviewsandgatherinformation.●GuestTalksofferstudentsadviceandinsightfromjournalismexpertsintopicssuchasradioreportingandstudyingjournalismincollege.SessionsfeatureaGuestTalkduringeachthree-weeksessionfromjournalismexperts.Studentsalsovisitcitynewsroomstohearfromfamousreporters.Applicationsfortheon-campussessionJune24toJuly12aredue:April19.Applicationsforlearn-at-homesessionsstartingJune17,July1andJuly15aredue:May10.●OnCampus,residential:Threeweeks,includingtuition(學費),activityfees,roomandboard:$6,200.($400discountsforEarlyBirdapplicantsbyMar8!)●Learn-from-Home:Twoweeks,tuition:$1,500.($200discountsforEarlyBirdapplicantsbyMar8!)21.Whoistheprogramprimarilydesignedfor?A.Adultslookingtoswitchcareerstowriting.B.Highschoolstudentsinterestedinjournalism.C.Professionaljournalistsseekingadvancedtraining.D.Collegestudentspreparingforcareersinphotography.22.Whatspecialtrackisofferedforstudentsinterestedinphotography?A.Aseparatephotographycourse.B.Aguesttalkseriesonphotography.C.Acitynewsroomvisitfocusedonphotography.D.Aphotojournalismtrackwithinbothprogramoptions.23.Whatistheapplicationdeadlinefortheon-campussessionstartingJune24?A.April19. B.May8. C.May10. D.July12.【答案】21.B22.D23.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了波士頓大學夏季新聞學院的項目，包括其課程內容、師資力量、項目選項、申請截止日期以及費用等信息，從而吸引對寫作、攝影或時事感興趣的高中生申請參加該項目?！?1題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Interestedinwriting,photographyorcurrentevents?Lookingforanexperiencetoinspireyourcollegeessays?Orhopingtoexploreaworld-classcitywithnewfriendsthissummer?Ifso,checkouttheBostonUniversitySummerJournalismAcademy.It’saprogramcreatedandrunbyBostonUniversity,wherehighschoolstudents(對寫作、攝影或時事感興趣嗎？想尋找一段經(jīng)歷來為你的大學申請文書帶來靈感嗎？或者希望今年夏天和新朋友一起探索一座世界級的城市嗎？如果是這樣，那就來了解一下波士頓大學暑期新聞學院吧。這是一個由波士頓大學創(chuàng)辦并運營的項目，在這里，高中生可以：)”可知，該項目是由波士頓大學創(chuàng)辦并運營，面向的是高中生，且課程內容涉及新聞領域，如向在職記者學習、報道真實事件等，所以是為對新聞感興趣的高中生設計的。故選B?！?2題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章“Theacademyofferstwooptions:anon-campus,residentialprogramoverprogramoverthreeweeksforstudentswithjournalismexperience,andalearn-from-homeprogramovertwoweeksforallexperiencelevels.Forstudentsinterestedinphotography,weofferaspecialphotojournalismtrackforboth.(該學院提供兩種選擇：一種是面向有新聞從業(yè)經(jīng)驗的學生，為期三周的校園住宿項目；另一種是面向所有不同經(jīng)驗水平的學生，為期兩周的居家學習項目。對于對攝影感興趣的學生，我們?yōu)檫@兩種項目都提供了一個特殊的新聞攝影方向。)”可知，學院提供兩種項目選擇，對于對攝影感興趣的學生，在這兩種選擇中都提供了一個特殊的新聞攝影方向。故選D。【23題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三段“Applicationsfortheon-campussessionJune24toJuly12aredue:April19.(6月24日至7月12日校園課程的申請截止日期為4月19日。)”可知，6月24日至7月12日校園課程的申請截止日期為4月19日。故選A。B“Yourmotherneedsanewheart,”myfathertoldmewhenIcalledonthatDecemberafternoon.Anunrelentingoptimist,hespokeasifshemerelyneededtohaveapartreplaced.But,althoughmytwosistersandIknewthatourmotherhadheartproblems,thisnewsstillmadeusfrozenforawhilewithoureyeswideningindisbelief.Dr.MarcSemigranofthetransplantteamreviewedmymother’smedicalhistory.She’dhadanirregularandrapidheartbeatformostofherlife.Herpresenttreatment—theuseofaseriesofcardioversions,orelectricjolts,torestoreanormalheartbeat—wouldnotworkinthelong-term.Shehadanenlargedandweakenedheart,aswellasafaultyvalve.“Withmedication,”Dr.Semigransaid,“youhavea60percentchanceoflivingsixmonths.Youcouldhavealongerlifewithatransplant,buttherearerisks.You’reatthetopendoftheagegroupofsixtyyearsold.Thelungsandotherorgansmustbehealthyandstrong.Whilethetransplantsurgeryisactuallyastraightforwardprocedure,acceptancebythebodyisthedifficultthing.”Myfamilycametogether,tryingtoprovidestrengthandworkoutwhattodo.We’dalreadygonefromshock,overourmother’scondition,toworrythatshewouldn’tbeasuitablerecipient.Despitetherisk,wechosetobelievethatshewouldmakeiteventually.WordcamelaterinDecemberthatshehadbeenacceptedintotheprogramme.Dr.JeremyRuskintoldusoneofthereasonsshehadbeenacceptedwasthatshehadsuchstrongfamilysupport.OneMondayinMay,atabout8p.m.,mymotherreceivedaphonecallfromthehospitalthataheartwasavailable.Asshewasabouttobewheeledoff,myfathertookherfaceinhishandsandlookedintohereyes.Hislooksaideverythingabouttheir42-yearrelationship.Thehearttransplantoperationwassuccessfulandtheconditionscouldnothavebeenbetter.Theironyofthetransplantprocessisthatonefamily’slossisanother’sgain.Itisakindoflifeafterdeath,ourheartsbeatingbeyondus.Wedevelopedafeelingofloveforthisnewpart,ofgratitudeforthedoctors,fortheprocess,andforthosepeoplewhomadeadecisionjustforhumanity.24.Whywasthefamilyshockeddespiteknowingtheirmother’sheartproblems?A.Theyfearedthecostofthesurgery.B.Theydidn’texpectthehearttransplant.C.Theyweredoubtfulaboutthediagnosis.D.Theywereunawareofhermedicalhistory.25.WhatriskdidDr.Semigranemphasizeaboutthehearttransplant?A.Thecomplexityofthesurgeryitself.B.Thepossibilityofbettermedication.C.Theshortageofavailabledonorhearts.D.Themother’sageandphysicalcondition.26.Whydidthefamilydecidetosupportthehearttransplant?A.Thedoctorguaranteedasuccessfuloutcome.B.Themotherinsistedonhavingtheprocedure.C.Theybelievedinherchancesdespitetherisks.D.Theyreceivedfinancialassistanceforthesurgery.27.Whatdoestheword“irony”inthefinalparagraphmostlikelyreferto?A.Thesimplicityofthetransplantprocedure.B.Theunforeseenavailabilityofadonorheart.C.Atragiceventleadingtoanotherfamily’shope.D.Themother’srapidrecoveryaftertheoperation.【答案】24.B25.D26.C27.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者母親接受心臟移植手術的過程，以及家庭成員在面對這一重大事件時的情感反應和決策過程，展現(xiàn)了家庭的愛與支持，以及醫(yī)療團隊的專業(yè)與努力。【24題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段中“But,althoughmytwosistersandIknewthatourmotherhadheartproblems,thisnewsstillmadeusfrozenforawhilewithoureyeswideningindisbelief.(然而，盡管我和兩個姐姐都知道媽媽有心臟問題，但這個消息還是讓我們一時愣住了，眼睛瞪得大大的，滿是難以置信)”可知，雖然家人知道母親有心臟問題，但沒想到需要心臟移植，所以感到震驚。故選B。【25題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段““Withmedication,”Dr.Semigransaid,“youhavea60percentchanceoflivingsixmonths.Youcouldhavealongerlifewithatransplant,buttherearerisks.You’reatthetopendoftheagegroupofsixtyyearsold.Thelungsandotherorgansmustbehealthyandstrong.Whilethetransplantsurgeryisactuallyastraightforwardprocedure,acceptancebythebodyisthedifficultthing.”(Semigran醫(yī)生說：“如果靠藥物治療，你有60%的幾率能活六個月。如果進行心臟移植，你可能會活得更久，但也存在風險。你已經(jīng)60歲了，處于這個年齡組的上限。肺部和其他器官必須健康且強壯。雖然心臟移植手術本身其實是一個相對簡單直接的過程，但讓身體接受新心臟才是困難的部分。”)”可知，醫(yī)生強調母親已經(jīng)60歲，處于年齡組上限，且肺部和其他器官必須健康強壯，指出了母親的年齡和身體狀況是心臟移植的風險，所以Semigran醫(yī)生強調的心臟移植的風險是母親的年齡和身體狀況。故選D。【26題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Myfamilycametogether,tryingtoprovidestrengthandworkoutwhattodo.We’dalreadygonefromshock,overourmother’scondition,toworrythatshewouldn’tbeasuitablerecipient.Despitetherisk,wechosetobelievethatshewouldmakeiteventually.(我們一家人聚在一起，努力相互鼓勁，并商量該怎么辦。我們的情緒已經(jīng)從得知媽媽病情時的震驚，轉變?yōu)閾乃赡懿皇且粋€合適的心臟移植受者。盡管存在風險，我們還是選擇相信她最終會挺過去)”可知，盡管知道有風險，家人還是選擇相信母親最終會成功，所以決定支持心臟移植。故選C?！?7題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段“Theironyofthetransplantprocessisthatonefamily’slossisanother’sgain.Itisakindoflifeafterdeath,ourheartsbeatingbeyondus.(器官移植過程的irony在于，一個家庭的失去卻是另一個家庭的獲得。這就像是一種死后的生命延續(xù)，我們的心臟在我們身體里跳動，而這份生命的饋贈卻來自他人。)”可知，“irony”指的是在移植過程中，一個家庭因親人去世（這是個悲劇事件）而捐贈心臟，使得另一個家庭（接受移植的家庭）獲得了希望，能夠重獲新生。因此，“irony”最有可能指的是一個悲劇事件帶來了另一個家庭的希望。故選C。CInaclassicepisodeofTheSimpsons,Homer’sclassreunionendsinshamewhenoneofHomer’sguiltysecretsisexposed:henevergraduatedfromhighschool.Togethisdiploma,hemustpassasciencetest.Ashesitsdowntoretaketheexam,heholdsoneofhistrademarkdialogueswithhisbrain.“Allright,brain.Youdon’tlikemeandIdon’tlikeyou.Butlet’sjustdothisandIcangetbacktokillingyouwithbeer.”Manyatruewordisspokenasajoke.HomerSimpson’sEverymancharacterreallyisanEveryman.Formostpeople,engaginginthekindofeffortfulthinkingthatisrequiredtopassasciencetestfeelstoomuchlikehardwork.Itissomucheasiertoquitandletthebrain’sautopilottakeover.Andnowonder.Evolutionhasblessedthehumanbrainwithallkindsofmentalshortcuts(心理捷徑)thatmakelifemanageable.Ifwehadtothinkabouteveryactionorweighupeverydecision,wewouldbreakdown.Asaresult,certainideasandmodesofthinkingcomenaturallytous,suchaseffortlessthinking.Butathugecost.Ourmentalshortcutsworkfineatthelevelofindividualsandsmall-scalesocieties,butinanincreasinglyinterconnectedandglobalizedworld,theyareadangertosociety.Effortlessthinkingisattherootofmanyofthemodernworld’smostseriousproblems:terrorism,hatred,inequalityandreligiousextremism.Allarecausedbypeopledisengagingtheircriticalthinkingandgoingwiththeirgut(非理性的)feeling.Everybodyiscapableofgutfeeling,butalsoofthecriticalthinking.Boththinkingstylesareneededtomaketheworldgoround.Unfortunately,thelatterrequirestrainingthatisunavailableorunappealingtomanypeople.Oneofthebrightspotsin2017wasthestartofamovementcalledtheMarchForScience.Thosewhobelieveinthepowerofscienceneedtokeeponmarching,orgivemorepowertopeoplewhodon’tmuchliketheirownbrains—orotherpeople’s.28.WhatisthemainpurposeofmentioningHomerSimpson?A.Toargueagainsttheuseofmentalshortcuts.B.Tocriticizetheeducationsystem’sinefficiency.C.Tohighlighttheimportanceofhumorindailylife.D.Toillustratetheuniversalstrugglewitheffortfulthinking.29.Accordingtotheauthor,whydomostpeopleavoideffortfulthinking?A.Theyfinditexhaustingwork.B.Theyareinfluencedbysocialmedia.C.Theybelieveithasnopracticalbenefits.D.Theirbrainsarenaturallywiredtoresistit.30.Whatisthemaindownsideofmentalshortcutsinmodernsociety?A.Theyleadtounreasonabledecisionsinglobalcomplexities.B.Theyweakentheabilitytoformsocialconnections.C.Theymakeforthedevelopmentofcriticalthinking.D.Theypreventpeoplefromdevelopingcreativity.31.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestasasolutiontofightagainsteffortlessthinking?A.Restrictingaccesstodangeroussocialmediaplatforms.B.Promotingscientificeducationandcriticalthinking.C.EncouragingmorepeopletowatchTheSimpsons.D.Developingadvancedmentalshortcuttechniques.【答案】28.D29.A30.A31.B【語篇解讀】這是一篇議論文。文章借荷馬?辛普森事例，揭示人們逃避費力思考的現(xiàn)象，闡述其危害，并呼吁推動科學教育與批判性思維?！?8題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Manyatruewordisspokenasajoke.HomerSimpson’sEverymancharacterreallyisanEveryman.Formostpeople,engaginginthekindofeffortfulthinkingthatisrequiredtopassasciencetestfeelstoomuchlikehardwork.Itissomucheasiertoquitandletthebrain’sautopilottakeover.(許多真話都是以玩笑的形式說出來的。荷馬?辛普森這個普通人的角色真的就是一個普通人。對大多數(shù)人來說，進行通過科學考試所需的那種費力的思考，感覺太像艱苦的工作了。放棄并讓大腦的自動駕駛模式接管要容易得多)”可知，提到荷馬?辛普森是為了說明像他一樣，大多數(shù)人在面對費力思考時都會覺得困難，想要放棄，即說明與費力思考作斗爭是普遍存在的情況。故選D?！?9題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Formostpeople,engaginginthekindofeffortfulthinkingthatisrequiredtopassasciencetestfeelstoomuchlikehardwork.Itissomucheasiertoquitandletthebrain’sautopilottakeover.(對大多數(shù)人來說，進行通過科學考試所需的那種費力的思考，感覺太像艱苦的工作了。放棄并讓大腦的自動駕駛模式接管要容易得多)”可知，大多數(shù)人避免費力思考是因為他們覺得這是令人疲憊的工作。故選A。【30題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Butathugecost.Ourmentalshortcutsworkfineatthelevelofindividualsandsmall-scalesocieties,butinanincreasinglyinterconnectedandglobalizedworld,theyareadangertosociety.Effortlessthinkingisattherootofmanyofthemodernworld’smostseriousproblems:terrorism,hatred,inequalityandreligiousextremism.Allarecausedbypeopledisengagingtheircriticalthinkingandgoingwiththeirgut(非理性的)feeling.(但代價巨大。我們的心理捷徑在個人和小規(guī)模社會層面上運作良好，但在一個日益相互關聯(lián)和全球化的世界里，它們對社會構成了威脅。輕松思考是現(xiàn)代世界許多最嚴重問題的根源：恐怖主義、仇恨、不平等和宗教極端主義。所有這些都是由于人們放棄了批判性思維，而憑直覺行事造成的)”可知，心理捷徑在現(xiàn)代社會的主要缺點是，在全球復雜的情況下，它們會導致不合理的決策，引發(fā)各種嚴重問題。故選A。【31題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“Everybodyiscapableofgutfeeling,butalsoofthecriticalthinking.Boththinkingstylesareneededtomaketheworldgoround.Unfortunately,thelatterrequirestrainingthatisunavailableorunappealingtomanypeople.(每個人都有直覺思維的能力，但也有批判性思維的能力。這兩種思維方式都是讓世界運轉所必需的。不幸的是，后者需要的訓練對許多人來說是無法獲得的，或者沒有吸引力)”以及最后一段“Oneofthebrightspotsin2017wasthestartofamovementcalledtheMarchForScience.Thosewhobelieveinthepowerofscienceneedtokeeponmarching,orgivemorepowertopeoplewhodon’tmuchliketheirownbrains—orotherpeople’s.(2017年的一個亮點是名為“科學大游行”的運動的開始。那些相信科學力量的人需要繼續(xù)游行，否則就會把更多的權力交給那些不太喜歡自己的大腦——或者別人的大腦的人)”可知，作者認為要對抗輕松思考（非理性思考），需要促進科學教育和批判性思維的發(fā)展。故選B。DAnewstudyfoundthat15-year-oldstoldmorecoherent(連貫的)storiesaboutturningpointsintheirlivesiftheirmothershadbeentaughtthenewconversationaltechniques14yearsearlier.Theseadolescentsalsoreportedfewersymptomsofdepressionandanxietycomparedtoadolescentsinthestudywhosemothershadtalkedwiththeirtoddlers(初學走路的孩子)asusual.Intheresearch,115mothersoftoddlerswereassignedtoeitheracontrolgroupwithoutanytrainingoranexperimentalgroupgiventraininginelaborativereminiscence(詳盡回憶)forayear.Thetraininginvolvesopenandresponsiveconversationswithyoungchildrenabouteverydaypastevents.ProjectleadProfessorElaineReesesaysadolescentswhosemothershadparticipatedintheearliercoachingsessionsnarrated(敘述)difficulteventsfromtheirlives—suchasparentaldivorceorcyber-bullyingwithmoreunderstandingofhowtheexperiencehadshapedaspeople.ProfessorReesesays,“Ourfindingssuggestparents’sharingmemoriesearlyinchildren’slivescanhavelong-lastingbenefits,bothforthewayadolescentsprocessandtalkaboutdifficultlifeeventsandfortheirwell-being.Forexample,ithelpschildrendevelopmorecomplete,specific,andaccuratememoriesoftheirexperiences,providingaricherstoreofmemoriestousewhentellingtheirownstories.Italsoteacheschildrenhowtohaveopendiscussionsaboutpastfeelingswhenthey’renolongerintheheatofthemoment.”ProfessorReesehopesparentsandpolicymakersrealizetheimportanceofearlychildhoodastheidealtimeforstartingtohavepositiveconversationswithchildren,andtoknowthattheseconversationscanmakeadifferenceaschildrengrowolder.“Theultimategoalistoencourageparentstohavemoresensitiveandresponsiveconversationsabouteventsintheirchildren’slives.”Theresearchersintendtocontinuethestudy,followingupwithparticipantsinemergingadulthoodtodetermineanyongoingeffectsoftheirtheirsmother’selaborativereminiscine.32.Whatwasthekeyrequirementformothersintheexperimentalgroup?A.Recordingeverydetailofchildren’sgrowth.B.Undergoing14-yearcontinuousobservation.C.Participatinginopen-endedconversationsdaily.D.Receivingone-yearelaborativereminiscingtraining.33.Whatimprovementwasobservedinadolescentswithtrainedmothers?A.Earlierexposuretofamilycrises. B.Enhancedcreativityinstory-making.C.Deeperinsightintochallengingexperiences. D.Fullrecoveryfromvariousmentalhealthissues.34.Whichisthemostimportant,accordingtoProfessorReese?A.Parents’dailydetailedrecord-keeping.B.School-basedmemorytrainingprograms.C.Thepracticeofearlyresponsivecommunication.D.Governmentpoliciesonthewell-beingofadolescents.35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.GovernmentPoliciesforParentingSupportB.AdolescentNarrativeSkillsandMentalHealthC.MemoryStorageMechanismsinEarlyChildhoodD.Mothers’ConversationalTrainingBoostsAdolescentWell-being【答案】32.D33.C34.C35.D【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章通過對115名幼兒的母親進行分組實驗，得出在幼兒時期通過分享詳盡回憶對于青少年處理和談論困難生活事件的方式以及他們的幸福都有長期的好處。【32題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Intheresearch,115mothersoftoddlerswereassignedtoeitheracontrolgroupwithoutanytrainingoranexperimentalgroupgiventraininginelaborativereminiscence(詳盡回憶)forayear.(在這項研究中，115名幼兒的母親被分配到對照組和實驗組，對照組沒有接受任何訓練，實驗組接受了為期一年的精心回憶訓練)”可知，對實驗組母親的關鍵要求是接受為期一年的精細化回憶訓練。故選D。【33題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“ProjectleadProfessorElaineReesesaysadolescentswhosemothershadparticipatedintheearliercoachingsessionsnarrated(敘述)difficulteventsfromtheirlives—suchasparentaldivorceorcyber-bullyingwithmoreunderstandingofhowtheexperiencehadshapedaspeople.(項目負責人伊萊恩·里斯教授說，母親參加過早期輔導課程的青少年講述了他們生活中的困難事件，比如父母離婚或網(wǎng)絡欺凌，并對這些經(jīng)歷如何塑造了他們的人格有了更多的理解)”可知，在母親受過訓練的青少年中觀察到他們更深入地了解具有挑戰(zhàn)性的經(jīng)歷。故選C?！?4題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“ProfessorReesehopesparentsandpolicymakersrealizetheimportanceofearlychildhoodastheidealtimeforstartingtohavepositiveconversationswithchildren,andtoknowthattheseconversationscanmakeadifferenceaschildrengrowolder.(里斯教授希望家長和政策制定者認識到兒童早期的重要性，因為這是開始與孩子進行積極對話的理想時間，并且要知道隨著孩子長大，這些對話會產(chǎn)生影響)”可知，根據(jù)里斯教授的說法，早期回應性溝通的實踐是最重要的。故選C?！?5題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Anewstudyfoundthat15-year-oldstoldmorecoherent(連貫的)storiesaboutturningpointsintheirlivesiftheirmothershadbeentaughtthenewconversationaltechniques14yearsearlier.(一項新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果15歲的孩子的母親在14年前就學會了新的對話技巧，那么他們就能更連貫地講述自己生活中的轉折點)”以及文章主要說明了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)母親早期和孩子的對話可以促進青少年心理健康發(fā)育可知，D選項“母親對話訓練促進青少年健康”最符合文章標