2021-2022學(xué)年重慶市七校高二上學(xué)期期末考試英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）（不含聽力音頻）

2021-2022學(xué)年重慶市七校高二上學(xué)期期末考試英語(yǔ)試題本試卷分第I卷（選擇題）和第II卷（非選擇題）兩部分。滿分150分，考試用時(shí)120分鐘?！镒⒁馐马?xiàng)：1．答題前，務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫在答題卡規(guī)定的位置上。2．答選擇題時(shí)，必須使用2B鉛筆將答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)。3．答非選擇題時(shí)，必須使用0.5毫米黑色簽字筆，將答案書寫在答題卡規(guī)定的位置上。4．所有題目必須在答題卡上作答，在試題卷上答題無效。第Ⅰ卷第一部分：聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）（改編）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whatwillthewomandothisafternoon?A.Goforawalk.B.Washherclothes.C.Goshopping.2.Whydidthegirlfailthetest?A.Shegotalltheanswerswrong.B.Sheleftthetestsheetblank.C.Shewrotetheanswersinthewrongplace.3.Whattypesofbooksdoesthemanlikereadingnow?A.Lovestories.B.Sciencefiction.C.Detectivestories.4.WhatwillCeliado?APlaybasketball.B.Findaplayer.C.Watchagame.5.Whatdoesthemanmean?A.Listentosomelightmusic.B.Stopplayingsuchloudmusic.C.Lookattheplanesoverhead.第二節(jié)（共15小題，每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Wheredoesthisconversationtakeplace?A.Atalibrary.B.Inapostoffice.C.Inabookstore.7.Howmuchshouldthemanpayintotal?A.$2.13B.$10.C.$12.30.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Neighbors.B.Schoolmates.C.Colleagues.9.Whydidthemanchangehisschool?A.Hisfamilymovedthere.B.Hewasanexchangestudent.C.Hedislikedhispreviousschool.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.WhydoesMichaelfeelsorry?A.Heforgothisgrandmother’sbirthday.B.Heishavingalotofproblemsinstudy.C.Hehasn’tcalledhisgrandmotherforalongtime.11.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Michael’sschoolaffairs.B.Michael’sbirthday.C.Michael’sgrandfather.12.HowdoesMichaelprobablyfeelwhenapplyingforthecollege?A.Confident.B.Disappointed.C.Worried.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Anintroductionofazoo.B.Atriptoazoo.C.Kids’favoritetrip.14.Howlongdothespeakerswanttostay?A.About4hours.B.About5hours.C.About6hours.15.Wherewillthespeakersprobablyeatlunch?A.Athome.B.Atthezoo.C.Atarestaurant.16.Whatcantheyexperienceatthezoo?A.Catchinglittlebirds.B.Givingeggstosnakes.C.Givingfoodtoelephants.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whereisthetalkgiven?A.Atabirthdayparty.B.Ataroutinemeeting.C.Atanopeningofaclub.18.WhydoesthespeakergiveJoanMilleraspecialwelcome?ATothankherforhercoming.B.Towishherahappybirthday.C.Toinvitehertojointheclub.19.Whatcantheparticipantsdoafterlunch?A.Haveabirthdayparty.B.Chatwitheachother.C.Cleanthemeetingroom.20.Whatcanbeoneoftheclub’saims?A.Offeringcompanionship.B.Donatingfood.C.Expandingmembers.第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。A（原創(chuàng)）ManyworkershavehadnochoicebuttoadapttoworkingfromhomeinrecentmonthssinceofficesshutdownduetotheCOVID-19pandemic(新冠疫情).Andthenoisysituationandendlesshouseworkmayresultinaterribleemotion.Anewoptioniswaitingforyou.ThatisWFH:workfromahotel.HotelFigueroAspecialprogramtitledWorkPerksaimstorepositionsomeof94-year-oldHotelFiguero’s268roomsasday-useoffices.AccordingtoManagingDirectorConnieWang,theset-uplaunchedinJuneandisagreatopportunitytogetoutoftheirhouseswithhigh-speedWi-Fi,unlimitedprintingprivilegesandfreeparking.The350-square-footroomssellfor$129perday,withanoptiontoextendtoanovernightstayforanadditional$20.TheWytheAboutiquehotelinBrooklyn.Thehotelrecentlyannouncedapartnershipwithco-workingofficespacecompanyIndustriousthroughwhichitisrecycling13second-storyguestroomstoserveasofficesforuptofourpeople.Eachoftheroomshasasmalloutdoorplatform,anddogsarewelcome.Pricingstartsat$200andgoesupto$275,dependingonhowmanypeopleusethespace.HotelsByDayYannisMoatifoundedHotelsByDaybackin2015.Thatcompanyhasgrowntoincludemorethan1,500hotels,andhasseenasignificantincreaseinthenumberofinquiriesforday-usebookingslately.Moatisaidthecurrentsituationwillforcehotelstoupgradethemselvestostayalive,andhepredictedthatofferingroomsforday-useonlyisoneofthedirectionstheywillgo.1.Howmuchdoesaroomcostfora24-hourstayinHotelFiguero?A.$129. B.$149. C.$200. D.$275.2.WhatmayespeciallyattractconsumerstoTheWythe?A.Itallowspetsin.B.Ithasthebestperfectlocation.C.Itprovidesworkerswithlargerrooms.D.Itchargesmoneycheaperthanotherhotels.3.WhatdoweknowaboutYannisMoati?A.HestartedaprogramtitledWorkPerks.B.Hehasupgradedatleast1,500rooms.C.Heusuallypredictseverythingcorrectly.D.HeisoptimisticabouttheWFHtrend.【答案】1.B2.A3.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章是一則廣告。疫情結(jié)束遙遙無期，但是許多美國(guó)人感覺在家里的日子已經(jīng)過不下去了。這時(shí)，許多酒店抓住這一商機(jī)，推出了專供白天使用的房間作為房客的辦公室，有高速Wi-Fi，有免費(fèi)的停車位，還可以隨便打印。文章介紹了三家酒店的相關(guān)信息。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)HotelFiguero部分第二段中“The350-square-footroomssellfor$129perday,withanoptiontoextendtoanovernightstayforanadditional$20.”（這種350平方英尺的房間日租費(fèi)用為129美元，多花20美元就可以過夜。）可知，在HotelFiguero過24小時(shí)（一天一夜）要花$129+$20=$149。故選B項(xiàng)。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheWythe部分第二段中“Eachoftheroomshasasmalloutdoorplatform,anddogsarewelcome.”（每個(gè)房間都有一個(gè)室外小露臺(tái)，而且可以帶狗進(jìn)入。）可知，TheWythe允許寵物進(jìn)入，可能會(huì)特別吸引消費(fèi)者。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Moatisaidthecurrentsituationwillforcehotelstoupgradethemselvestostayalive,andhepredictedthatofferingroomsforday-useonlyisoneofthedirectionstheywillgo.”（Moati說，當(dāng)前的形勢(shì)迫使酒店通過自我改造來維持生存，他還預(yù)測(cè)，提供專供白天使用的房間將會(huì)是酒店業(yè)發(fā)展的一個(gè)方向。）可知，Moati認(rèn)為WFH(在酒店工作)是酒店發(fā)展的一種趨勢(shì)，所以他對(duì)WFH(在酒店工作)的趨勢(shì)持樂觀態(tài)度。故選D項(xiàng)。B（原創(chuàng)）FireCaptKevinLloydarrivedatthesceneofacaraccidentinWestPoint,Utah,northofSaltLakeCity.Apregnantwomanandherscreaming2-year-olddaughterweretrappedinthecar.Whilehispartner,AllenHadley,wastendingtothedriver,Lloydcouldn’tgetthefrightenedgirltocalmdown.Hesawshewasholdingseveralbottlesofnailpolish,andthenhehadabetteridea.Heaskedherifshewantedtopainthisnails.Soonhereyeslitup.Atthesametime,Hadleyshoweduptocheckonthescene.Lloydhadcalmedherdownandwasintheprocessofgettinghisfingerspainted.ThenHadleyjustputhishandinthere.Thegirlbegantocolorhisnailspink.Bythistime,shewasnotonlycalm,butshewasalsohappy.Thegirl’smotherwasnotinjured.Shethankedthemforhelpingherdaughterfeelbetter,andtheyallchuckled,lookingatthenails,andtooksomephotos.Thefirefightersbroughtthephotosbacktotheheadquartersandshowedthemaround.Thedepartmentputthemuponthesocialmedia,andthousandsofpeopleresponded,withmanythankingthefirefightersforgoingoutoftheirwaytocalmdownafrightenedgirl.FireChiefMarkBecraftsaidhehadbeensurprisedatalltheattention.Hesaidhewasproudofhisfirefighters,andaddedthathehadknownmembersofthedepartmentwhohaddonemanythingsthatweren’tpartofthejob.Afterthefact,LloydandHadleyhadasmallmattertotendto:thelayersofpolishontheirnails.Theyboughtabottleofnailpolishremoverandusedalmostallofit.4.Whywasthe2-year-oldgirlfrightened?A.Hermotherwasseverelyinjured.B.Hernailswerehurtbythebottles.C.Shesufferedatrafficaccident.D.Shewasscaredtoseefirefighters.5.Whichistheclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“chuckled”inParagraph4?A.Hugged. B.Laughed. C.Bowed. D.Sighed.6.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribethetwofirefighters?A.Courageous. B.Generous. C.Determined. D.Considerate.7.Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?A.ATrafficAccident B.PinkNailsC.AFrightenedGirl D.TwoFirefighters【答案】4.C5.B6.D7.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了在車禍現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，一個(gè)兩歲的小女孩由于受到驚嚇一直無法鎮(zhèn)靜下來，消防員為了讓她鎮(zhèn)靜下來，就讓她給自己涂指甲，后來他們拍了一些照片。其后，消防部門把當(dāng)時(shí)的照片上傳到社交媒體上，數(shù)千人給予回應(yīng)，消防員的這種做法獲得了好評(píng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“acaraccident”（車禍）以及“Apregnantwomanandherscreaming2-year-olddaughterweretrappedinthecar.”（一名孕婦和她尖叫著的2歲女兒被困在車?yán)铩＃┛芍?，小女孩害怕是因?yàn)樗庥隽塑嚨?。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段“Thegirlbegantocolorhisnailspink.Bythistime,shewasnotonlycalm,butshewasalsohappy.”（女孩開始把他的指甲染成粉紅色。這時(shí)，她不僅平靜了，而且也很開心。）以及第四段“Shethankedthemforhelpingherdaughterfeelbetter”（她感謝他們幫助女兒感覺好些）可知，那位母親感謝消防員安慰自己的女兒，看著被涂了粉紅色指甲油的指甲，他們都笑了，推測(cè)劃線單詞表示“笑”，與laughed同義。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Bythistime,shewasnotonlycalm,butshewasalsohappy.”（這時(shí)，她不僅平靜了，而且也很開心。）以及第五段“thousandsofpeopleresponded,withmanythankingthefirefightersforgoingoutoftheirwaytocalmdownafrightenedgirl”（數(shù)千人響應(yīng)，許多人感謝消防隊(duì)員特意讓一名受驚的女孩平靜下來。）可知，消防員讓小女孩給自己涂指甲，這不僅使小女孩鎮(zhèn)靜下來，而且使她開心；在社交媒體上，很多人感謝消防員們?cè)O(shè)法安慰那個(gè)受了驚嚇的小女孩，由此可推斷，這兩名消防員是為他人著想的。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】標(biāo)題判斷題。通讀全文，文章主要講述了兩位消防員在車禍現(xiàn)場(chǎng)讓一個(gè)受驚小女孩給自己涂粉紅色指甲油，使得小女孩鎮(zhèn)靜下來，消防員的這種做法獲得了好評(píng)，所以“粉紅色指甲油”可以作為文章標(biāo)題。故選B項(xiàng)。C（改編）RichasaKingWilliamI,whoconqueredEnglandsome930yearsago,hadwealth,powerandanarmy.YetalthoughWilliamwasveryrichbythestandardofhistime,hehadnothinglikeaflushtoilet(抽水馬桶),orridinglawnmower(除草機(jī)).Howdidhegetby?Historybooksarefilledwithwealthypeoplewhowerepoorcomparedtome.Ihavestormwindows,Croesusdidnot.EntirenationstrembledbeforeAlexandertheGreat,buthecouldn’tbuycatfood.CzarNicholaslackedanelectricsaw.GivenhowmuchbetteroffIamthansomanyfamousdeadpeople,you’dthinkI’dbecontent.Thetroubleisthat,likemostpeople,Icomparemywealthwiththatoflivingpersons:neighbors,schoolclassmates,famousTVpeople.ThegreedIfeeltowardmyfriendHoward’snewkitchenisnotreducedbythefactnokingseverhadarefrigeratorwithglassdoors.Thereisreallynorisingorfallingstandardofliving.Overthecenturiespeoplesimplyfinddifferentthingstofeelsadabout.You’dthinkthatsimplynothavingdiseasewouldputusinagoodmood,butno,wewantahotbathtoo.Ofcourse,onewaytoachievehappinesswouldbetorealizethatevenbytoday’sstandardsthethingsIownareprettynice.Myhouseissmallerthanthehousesofmanyinvestmentbankers,butevensoithasalotmoreroomsthanmywifeandIcankeepclean.Besides,topeoplelookingbackatourerafromacenturyortwointhefuture,thesebankers’fancycountertopsandmyownwornFormicawillseemequallyshabby.Ican’tkeepupwithmyneighborsrightnow.Butjustwait.8.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph1&2?A.Whataluxurylifetheyonceled!B.Thereweresomanygreatrulersinhistory.C.Theycouldeasilygainwealththanaveragepeople.D.Theymightnotliveinasatisfactorywayintheeyesofthewriter.9.Howmanyhistoricalfiguresarementionedtocomparelivesinthepastandpresent?A.2. B.3. C.4 D.510.Accordingtothepassage,theauthorproposesto______.A.tellustobecontentwithlife B.encourageustostruggleforwealthC.recommendlivinginasimpleway D.teachustolearnlessonsfromlife11.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardslife?A.Indifferent. B.Cautious. C.Uncertain. D.Positive.【答案】8.D9.C10.A11.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇議論文。無論一個(gè)人多么的富有，但是用未來人的角度來看，其生活質(zhì)量都不是很好的，因此作者建議大家要對(duì)未來充滿信心，也要滿足當(dāng)下的生活。【8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“YetalthoughWilliamwasveryrichbythestandardofhistime,hehadnothinglikeaflushtoilet(抽水馬桶),orridinglawnmower(除草機(jī)).”（然而，盡管以當(dāng)時(shí)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來看，威廉一世非常富有，但他沒有像沖水馬桶或割草機(jī)這樣的東西。）和第二段“Historybooksarefilledwithwealthypeoplewhowerepoorcomparedtome.”（歷史書里有很多富人，但他們比我窮。）可知，盡管威廉一世在他那個(gè)時(shí)代很富有，但是他沒有像抽水馬桶、除草機(jī)這一類現(xiàn)代人生活才出現(xiàn)的東西，所以在作者看來，他們的生活方式可能并不令人滿意。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。通讀全文，文章提到了WilliamI（威廉一世），Croesus（克羅伊斯），AlexandertheGreat（亞歷山大大帝），CzarNicholas（沙皇尼古拉斯），總計(jì)四位歷史人物，來對(duì)比過去和現(xiàn)在。故選C項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Ofcourse,onewaytoachievehappinesswouldbetorealizethatevenbytoday’sstandardsthethingsIownareprettynice.”（當(dāng)然，獲得幸福的一個(gè)方法是認(rèn)識(shí)到，即使按照今天的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，我擁有的東西也相當(dāng)不錯(cuò)。）可知，作者建議我們要對(duì)當(dāng)前擁有的東西感到滿意，對(duì)生活感到滿足。故選A項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Besides,topeoplelookingbackatourerafromacenturyortwointhefuture,thesebankers,fancycountertopsandmyownwornFormicawillseemequallyshabby.”（此外，對(duì)于那些在未來一兩個(gè)世紀(jì)回顧我們這個(gè)時(shí)代的人來說，這些銀行家們?nèi)A麗的工作臺(tái)面和我家的裝飾材料看起來同樣破舊。）可知，作者認(rèn)為生活會(huì)隨著時(shí)代的發(fā)展而進(jìn)步，所以作者對(duì)待生活的態(tài)度是積極樂觀的。故選D項(xiàng)。D（改編）Plantbreeding(育種)isthescienceofchangingthecharacteristicsofplantsinordertoproducedesiredones.Genesinaplantarewhatdeterminewhattypeofcharacteristicsitwillhave.Plantbreederstrytocreateaspecificoutcomeofplantsandpotentiallynewplantvarietiesbychangingthegenesoftheplantsthroughbreeding,whichismakingnewplantsfromparentsofdifferentvarietiesorspecies.Peopleallovertheworldarearguingaboutitsbenefitsanddisadvantages.Somepeopleusethetechnologytoproducedesiredcharacteristicsofplantsandanimals.Otherpeopleareconcernedthatthegeneticallyengineeredplantsmayharmtheenvironmentandworriedthattheymaybedangerousforpeopletoeat.Therearemanyreasonsforchangingplantsinthisway.Internationaldevelopmentagenciesbelievethatbreedingnewcropsisimportantforensuringfoodsecuritybydevelopingnewvarietiesthatarehigheryielding,disease-resistant,drought----tolerantorregionallyadaptedtodifferentenvironmentsandgrowingconditions.Forexample,somegeneticallyengineeredplantscanlivethroughfrostordraught.Asaresult,farmerscanmakemoreprofitbecausefewerplantswilldie.Somegeneticallyengineeredplantsaremorenutritious.Theyhavelessfat,tastebetterorstayfresherthannon-geneticallyengineeredplants.Thiswillallowpeopletobuybetter-qualityfruitandvegetables.Somecanresistnaturalpestsandvirusesspreadbyinsects.Thisreducestheamountofchemicalneededtokillpests,whichishelpfultotheenvironment.However,geneticallyengineeredplantscancauseunexpectedproblems.Geneticallyengineeredplantsthatresistpestsmaypassonthatcharacteristictoawildrelative.Thismaycausethewildplanttospreadfast,becausepestsarenotnaturallykillingit.Theycanalsoharmanimals.Atypeofcornhasbeendevelopedwhichkillsaspeciesofinsectthatdestroysit.Thepollen(花粉)fromthiscorn,however,canalsokillmonarchbutterflies----themostbeautifulofallbutterflies,whichdonotharmthecorn.Geneticengineeringisaverynewscienceandwehavealottolearnaboutthegooditcandoandthedamageitcancause.Themainconcernisthatnotenoughtestsarebeingdonetoensureitissafe.12.Accordingtothepassage,whatistheobjectiveofplantbreeding?A.Tochangethegenesofplants.B.Toproducepreferableplantvarieties.C.Tobeautifytheenvironment.D.Toassessthevalueofthepractice.13.Whycouldplantbreedingensurefoodsecurity?A.Becausefoodisofbetterquality.B.Becausedroughtandfrosthardlyhappen.C.Becausefarmerscanmakemoremoney.D.Becausehigherproductionisguaranteed.14.Howcansomegeneticallyengineeredplantsbenefittheenvironment?A.Lessharmfulchemicalsareused.B.Theycanadapttodifferentenvironments.C.Somebeautifulbutterfliesarekilled.D.Thefoodtheyproducetastebetterorstayfresher.15.Whichofthefollowingbestshowsthestructureofthetext?(①=Paragraph1,②=Paragraph2,③=Paragraph3,④=Paragraph4，⑤=Paragraph5，⑥=Paragraph6)A. B.C. D.【答案】12.B13.D14.A15.C【解析】【分析】本文屬于說明文。文章主要介紹了植物育種。人類運(yùn)用科學(xué)技術(shù)改變植物特性，培育出了具有優(yōu)良特點(diǎn)的植物后代，他們能確保糧食的安全性，但同時(shí)也帶來一系列不可預(yù)知的后果?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段第一句“Plantbreeding(育種)isthescienceofchangingthecharacteristicsofplantsinordertoproducedesiredones.(植物育種是一門科學(xué)，通過改變植物的特質(zhì)以培育出人們想要的品種)”可知，植物育種的目的是培育具有優(yōu)良特點(diǎn)的植物后代。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Somegeneticallyengineeredplantsaremorenutritious.Theyhavelessfat,tastebetterorstayfresherthannon-geneticallyengineeredplants.Thiswillallowpeopletobuybetter-qualityfruitandvegetables.Somecanresistnaturalpestsandvirusesspreadbyinsects.Thisreducestheamountofchemicalneededtokillpests,whichishelpfultotheenvironment.（一些轉(zhuǎn)基因植物更有營(yíng)養(yǎng)。它們比非轉(zhuǎn)基因植物脂肪更少，味道更好或更新鮮。這將使人們能夠買到質(zhì)量更好的水果和蔬菜。有些可以抵抗自然害蟲和由昆蟲傳播的病毒。這減少了殺蟲所需的化學(xué)制品的數(shù)量，這對(duì)環(huán)境是有益的）”可知，植物育種技術(shù)下的作物營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值高，口感好，質(zhì)量好，且因其抗病抗蟲還減少了化學(xué)殺蟲劑的使用量，從而減少了植物上的化學(xué)殺蟲劑的殘留，所以植物育種技術(shù)可以確保作物的安全性。故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Somecanresistnaturalpestsandvirusesspreadbyinsects.Thisreducestheamountofchemicalneededtokillpests,whichishelpfultotheenvironment.(有些可以抵抗自然害蟲和由昆蟲傳播的病毒。這減少了殺蟲所需的化學(xué)制品的數(shù)量，這對(duì)環(huán)境是有益的）可知，轉(zhuǎn)基因品種可以增強(qiáng)對(duì)害蟲的抵抗力，少用化學(xué)殺蟲劑即保護(hù)環(huán)境。故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文段落發(fā)展來看，第一段“Plantbreeding(育種)isthescienceofchangingthecharacteristicsofplantsinordertoproducedesiredones.(植物育種是一門科學(xué)，通過改變植物的特質(zhì)以培育出人們想要的品種)”，第二段“Peopleallovertheworldarearguingaboutitsbenefitsanddisadvantages.(全世界的人都在討論它的好處和壞處)”，可知第一、第二段為引出話題：植物育種的利弊。第三段中心句“Therearemanyreasonsforchangingplantsinthisway.(以這種方式改變植物有很多原因)”，第四段“Thiswillallowpeopletobuybetter-qualityfruitandvegetables.Somecanresistnaturalpestsandvirusesspreadbyinsects.Thisreducestheamountofchemicalneededtokillpests,whichishelpfultotheenvironment.(這將使人們能夠買到質(zhì)量更好的水果和蔬菜。有些可以抵抗自然害蟲和由昆蟲傳播的病毒。這減少了殺蟲所需的化學(xué)制品的數(shù)量，這對(duì)環(huán)境是有益的)”可知，第三、第四段都是講述了植物育種的好處。第五段中心句“However,geneticallyengineeredplantscancauseunexpectedproblems.(然而，基因工程植物可能會(huì)引起意想不到的問題)”可知，第五段講述了植物育種帶來的弊端。最后一段“Geneticengineeringisaverynewscienceandwehavealottolearnaboutthegooditcandoandthedamageitcancause.(基因工程是一門非常新的科學(xué)，關(guān)于它的好處和危害，我們還有很多要學(xué)習(xí))”可知，第五段為總結(jié)全文。C項(xiàng)符合本文的語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)。故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）（改編）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Manystudentsstudywithlittlethoughtaboutwhatcomesaftertheirstudysession.____16____.Nowwewillexploresomeno-costwaysthatcanhelpyouimproveyourlearning.____17____.Perhapstheylookattheirphoneorcomputer.Theymightevenplayavideogameorwatchtelevision.Butresearchsuggeststhatrestingafteryoustudymayhelpyourememberwhatyoustudies.AstudypublishedinthejournalPLOSOneexaminedhowwellolderpeoplewhowereingoodhealthcouldremembercertainwords.Intwodifferentexperiments,researchersfoundthatolderadultswhorestedfor10minutesafterlearningnewwordshadbettermemoryofthosewords.“Aperiodofwakefulrestimmediatelyafternewlearningincreasesfreerecallofverbalmaterial,”theresearcherswrote.“____18____.”Inadditiontowakefulrest,sleepisalsoimportantforlearning.AreportonthewebsiteofHarvardMedicalSchoolexplainsthatapersonlackingsleepcannotfocusattentionandthereforecannotlearnefficiently.____19____.Thatisessentialforlearningnewinformation.RobertStickgoldisadoctorandsleepexpertatHarvardMedicalA.NewmemoriescanbehardtokeepB.TheresultswerestrongevenaftersevendaysC.NowyouhavetwosuggestionsforhowtolearnnewinformationD.ManystudentsoftengostraighttoanotheractivityafterfinishingstudyE.Byreducingyouractivityafterstudy,yourbraingetsachancetorestF.ItalsosayssleepitselfhasaroleinstrengtheningmemoryG.Butwhatyoudoafterstudyingcouldhaveaneffectonhowwellyoulearn【答案】16.G17.D18.B19.F20.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了兩種在學(xué)習(xí)之余鞏固學(xué)習(xí)成果的方法：清醒的休息和睡眠?！?6題詳解】上文“Manystudentsstudywithlittlethoughtaboutwhatcomesaftertheirstudysession.”（許多學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)很少考慮課后會(huì)發(fā)生什么）說明很多學(xué)生不考慮課后的問題，以及下文“Nowwewillexploresomeno-costwaysthatcanhelpyouimproveyourlearning.”（現(xiàn)在我們將探索一些可以幫助你提高學(xué)習(xí)的免費(fèi)方法。）說明將為學(xué)生提供提高學(xué)習(xí)的方法，設(shè)空處承上啟下，應(yīng)說明學(xué)習(xí)后所做的事情可能會(huì)影響學(xué)習(xí)，G項(xiàng)“但是你在學(xué)習(xí)后做的事情可能會(huì)影響你的學(xué)習(xí)效果”符合題意。故選G?！?7題詳解】下文“Perhapstheylookattheirphoneorcomputer.Theymightevenplayavideogameorwatchtelevision.”(他們可能會(huì)看手機(jī)或電腦，甚至也可能玩視頻游戲或看電視。)說明學(xué)生完成學(xué)習(xí)之后可能會(huì)做的事情，D項(xiàng)中anotheractivity是關(guān)鍵詞，說明學(xué)生所做的活動(dòng)，D項(xiàng)“許多學(xué)生通常在完成學(xué)業(yè)后直接參加另一項(xiàng)活動(dòng)”符合題意。故選D。【18題詳解】上文““Aperiodofwakefulrestimmediatelyafternewlearningincreasesfreerecallofverbalmaterial,”theresearcherswrote.”(研究人員寫到“學(xué)習(xí)新知識(shí)后，立即進(jìn)行一段清醒的休息可以增加對(duì)語(yǔ)言材料的自由回憶?！?說明清醒的休息會(huì)產(chǎn)生好的效果，增加對(duì)語(yǔ)言材料的自由回憶，B項(xiàng)“即使在七天后，結(jié)果仍然很明顯”進(jìn)一步說明效果，符合題意。故選B?！?9題詳解】上文“AreportonthewebsiteofHarvardMedicalSchoolexplainsthatapersonlackingsleepcannotfocusattentionandthereforecannotlearnefficiently.”(在哈佛醫(yī)學(xué)院網(wǎng)站上的一篇報(bào)道稱，一個(gè)缺乏睡眠的人不能集中注意力，因此也不能高效地學(xué)習(xí)。)說明缺乏睡眠不利于學(xué)習(xí)，空處應(yīng)繼續(xù)說明睡眠對(duì)于學(xué)習(xí)的影響，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)中sleep是關(guān)鍵詞，說明睡眠對(duì)增強(qiáng)記憶方面有作用，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“它還說睡眠本身在增強(qiáng)記憶方面也有作用”符合題意。故選F?！?0題詳解】下文“Whenwefirstformmemories,they’reinaveryrawandfragileform.”(當(dāng)我們最初形成記憶時(shí)，它們是非常原始和脆弱的)說明最初形成的記憶是不容易保留的，A項(xiàng)“新的記憶可能很難保持”符合題意。故選A。第II卷第三部分：英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）（原創(chuàng)）WhenZouHongyanwelcomedherson—DingDingtotheworldin1988,terriblebirthcomplications(病發(fā)癥)lefthimdisabledforlife.Doctoradvisedhertogivehimup,aviewthatevenherownhusbandshared,astheybelievedtheboywouldleadapainful,____21____life.Zou,however,____22____doctor’sadvice,divorcedherhusband,and____23____savingherbabyboy.Zoutookonatleastthreejobsatthesametimeto___24___herfamily.Inhersparetime,she____25____tookhersontoarecoveryhospital.Meanwhile,shelearnedhowtomassage(按摩)hismusclesandwouldplayintelligence____26____andpuzzleswithhim.Themotheralsoinsistedfromthestartthathersonwouldlearnto____27____hisdisabilitiesasfaraspossible.Forexample,Dinghadproblemscoordinating(協(xié)調(diào))his____28____movements,andfounditdifficulttousechopsticks.____29____manyrelativessaiditwasperfectlyunderstandable,Zoukepton___30___himtodoso.“Ididn’twanthimtofeel_____31_____ofhisphysicalproblems.”Shesaid,“Iwasquitestrict_____32_____him,sohecouldcatchupwithotherswherehehaddifficulties.”Becauseofmother’spersistenceandendlesslove,DingDingsucceededinhis_____33_____studies.In2011,hegraduatedwithadegreeinenvironmentalsciencefromPekingUniversity.In2016,afterworkingfortwoyears,Dingwas“IneverdaredtodreamofapplyingtoHarvard.”Dingsaid,“_____35_____wasmymotherwhoneverstoppedencouragingmetogiveitatry.WheneverIhaddoubts,shewouldguidemeforward.”21.A.meaningful B.informal C.vital D.worthless22.A.ignored B.believed C.advocated D.thanked23.A.calledon B.insistedon C.approvedof D.gavein24.A.adopt B.support C.devote D.maintain25.A.regularly B.unusually C.merely D.gradually26.A.roles B.games C.exams D.music27.A.accept B.oppose C.overcome D.stand28.A.head B.gesture C.waist D.hand29.A.Since B.If C.While D.Unless30.A.reminding B.training C.committing D.informing31.A.ashamed B.amused C.tired D.excited32.A.to B.about C.with D.in33.A.scientific B.effective C.potential D.academic34.A.admitted B.obtained C.obeyed D.applied35.A.She B.That C.It D.What【答案】21.D22.A23.B24.B25.A26.B27.C28.D29.C30.B31.A32.C33.D34.A35.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了一位叫做鄒紅艷的母親得知自己的兒子丁丁生病之后不離不棄，一直悉心照顧孩子，最終，丁丁從北大畢業(yè)，并去哈佛法學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)，這一切都要感謝他的母親?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：醫(yī)生建議她放棄他，這一觀點(diǎn)甚至連她自己的丈夫都同意，因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為男孩會(huì)過著悲慘的、沒有價(jià)值的生活。A.meaningful有意義的；B.informal非正式的；C.vital至關(guān)重要的；D.worthless沒有價(jià)值的。根據(jù)上文“terriblebirthcomplicationslefthimdisabledforlife”可知，丁丁一出生就患有疾病，所以此處表示他們認(rèn)為男孩會(huì)過悲慘的、沒有價(jià)值的生活。故選D項(xiàng)。22題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，鄒不理睬醫(yī)生的建議，與丈夫離婚，堅(jiān)持拯救她的男孩。A.ignored不理睬；B.believed相信；C.advocated支持；D.thanked感謝。根據(jù)上文“Doctoradvisedhertogivehimup”以及下文“and____3____savingherbabyboy”可知，鄒紅艷選擇不理睬醫(yī)生的建議，堅(jiān)持拯救自己的兒子。故選A項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：然而，鄒不理睬醫(yī)生的建議，與丈夫離婚，堅(jiān)持拯救她的男嬰。A.calledon拜訪；B.insistedon堅(jiān)持；C.approvedof贊成；D.gavein屈服。根據(jù)下文“savingherbabyboy”可知，此處表示鄒紅艷堅(jiān)持拯救自己的兒子。故選B項(xiàng)。【24題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：鄒同時(shí)做了至少三份工作來供養(yǎng)家庭。A.adopt采用；B.support供養(yǎng)；C.devote投入；D.maintain維護(hù)。根據(jù)上文“tookonatleastthreejobs”可知，鄒紅艷做至少三份工作是為了供養(yǎng)家庭，supportherfamily表示“供養(yǎng)她的家庭”。故選B項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：在空閑時(shí)間，她會(huì)定期帶她兒子去康復(fù)醫(yī)院。A.regularly定期；B.unusually不尋常地；C.merely僅僅；D.gradually逐漸地。根據(jù)下文“tookhersontoarecoveryhospital”以及常識(shí)，丁丁得病了，所以鄒紅艷會(huì)定期帶他去康復(fù)醫(yī)院治療。故選A項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：同時(shí)，她學(xué)會(huì)如何按摩兒子的肌肉，還會(huì)陪兒子玩智力游戲和拼圖游戲。A.roles角色；B.games游戲；C.exams考試；D.music音樂。根據(jù)下文“andpuzzles”可知，此處表示她會(huì)陪兒子玩智力游戲和拼圖游戲。故選B項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這位母親也從一開始就堅(jiān)持要求兒子盡可能去學(xué)習(xí)克服自己的殘疾障礙。A.accept接受；B.oppose反對(duì)；C.overcome克服；D.stand忍受。根據(jù)下文“Ididn’twanthimtofeel_____11_____ofhisphysicalproblems”可知，鄒紅艷不希望丁丁因?yàn)樯眢w問題感到羞愧，所以此處表示她堅(jiān)持要求兒子克服殘疾障礙。故選C項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：丁丁的手部運(yùn)動(dòng)不協(xié)調(diào)，用起筷子來非常困難。A.head頭部；B.gesture手勢(shì)；C.waist腰部；D.hand手。根據(jù)下文“founditdifficulttousechopsticks”可知，丁丁使用筷子很困難，結(jié)合常識(shí)，可知丁丁的手部運(yùn)動(dòng)不協(xié)調(diào)。故選D項(xiàng)。【29題詳解】考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然很多親戚說這種情況完全可以理解，但是鄒仍然堅(jiān)持訓(xùn)練兒子握筷。A.Since自從；B.If如果；C.While盡管、雖然；D.Unless除非。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，空處表示“雖然”，應(yīng)用while引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。故選C項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然很多親戚說這種情況完全可以理解，但是鄒仍然堅(jiān)持訓(xùn)練兒子握筷。A.reminding提醒；B.training訓(xùn)練；C.committing承諾；D.informing告知。根據(jù)上文“____9____manyrelativessaiditwasperfectlyunderstandable”可知，雖然很多親戚說明情況可以理解，但是鄒紅艷仍然希望丁丁學(xué)會(huì)用筷子，堅(jiān)持訓(xùn)練兒子握筷。故選B項(xiàng)。【31題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我不想他因?yàn)樯眢w疾病感到羞愧。A.ashamed感到羞愧的；B.amused好笑的；C.tired疲倦的；D.excited興奮的。根據(jù)下文“ofhisphysicalproblems”可知，此處表示因?yàn)樯眢w疾病感到羞愧。故選A項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：我對(duì)他非常嚴(yán)厲，這樣他就可以在遇到困難的時(shí)候趕上其他人。Ato到；B.about關(guān)于；C.with和；D.in在……中。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，此處表示鄒紅艷對(duì)丁丁非常嚴(yán)厲，bestrictwith為固定搭配，表示“對(duì)……嚴(yán)厲”。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：由于母親的堅(jiān)持和無窮無盡的愛，丁在他的學(xué)術(shù)研究方面取得成功。A.scientific科學(xué)的；B.effective有效的；C.potential潛在的；D.academic學(xué)術(shù)的。根據(jù)下文“In2011,hegraduatedwithadegreeinenvironmentalsciencefromPekingUniversity.In2016,afterworkingfortwoyears,Dingwas_____14_____intoHarvardLawschool.”可知，丁獲得北大學(xué)位，后來又被哈佛大學(xué)錄取，可知他在學(xué)術(shù)研究方面取得成功。故選D項(xiàng)。【34題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：2016年，在工作了兩年后，丁被哈佛法學(xué)院錄取。A.admitted準(zhǔn)許進(jìn)入；B.obtained獲得；C.obeyed服從；D.applied申請(qǐng)。根據(jù)“HarvardLawschool”，此處表示丁被哈佛法學(xué)院錄取，beadmittedinto表示“被錄取”。故選A項(xiàng)。【35題詳解】考查固定句型。句意：是我的母親，她從不停止鼓勵(lì)我嘗試。A.She她；B.That那；C.It它；D.What什么。分析句子，本句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句，使用固定句型“Itis/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+剩余部分.”，強(qiáng)調(diào)mymother。故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)語(yǔ)法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）（原創(chuàng)）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。LastSundayafternoon____36____(witness)thecompetitivevolleyballfinalontheplayground,____37____sparkedstudents’burningpassionforsports.Onthevolleyballcourt,allthestudentsinGradeThreegot____38____(active)involvedinthegame.Withcheerleadersandvolleyballfansenthusiastically____39____(cheer)round,playerswerefiercelycompeting____40____thechampionship.Finally,thechampionteam____41____(present)withanawardandtheleaderaddressedanexcitingspeech.Hearingthespeech,allthepeoplefelt____42____(inspire).____43____moststudentsthoughthighlyofwasthatitnotonlyprovidedaplatf