《國際商務(wù)文化（英文）》課件-5.1U.S. International Business Culture and Etiquette

U.S.InternationalBusinessCultureandEtiquettePresenter:XueYuDate：2024-08-10U.S.InternationalTradeOverviewU.S.eCommerceMarketOverviewU.S.CultureandEtiquetteDevelopmentofCross-bordereCommerceU.S.InternationalTradeOverviewU.S.InternationalTradeOverviewLocatedinthecenterofNorthAmerica,thecapitaloftheU.S.isWashington,D.C.In2023,thepopulationwasapproximately330millionwithapercapitaGDPof$82,000,makingtheU.S.ahigh-incomecountrybyWorldBankstandards.Keyindustriesincludemanufacturing,informationtechnology,agriculture,andenergy.TheU.S.governmenthasbeenpromotinglegislationandexecutiveorderstoprovidesubsidiesandsupportforcertainindustries,boostingthedevelopmentofhigh-endmanufacturingsuchassemiconductors,cleanenergy,andelectricvehicles.U.S.InternationalTradeOverview-GoodsTradeTheU.S.hasbeenamajorplayerinworldtrade.Between2019-2020,therewasaslightdeclineinimport/exporttrade,butitincreasedannuallyfrom2021-2023.In2023,thetotalimport/exporttradeofgoodswas$519.2billion,a4.50%decreasefromthepreviousyear.Exportswere$201.95billion,a2.21%decrease,whileimportswere$317.25billion,a5.91%decrease.Thetradedeficitwas$115.297billion,$15.362billionlessthanin2022.U.S.InternationalTradeOverview-GoodsTradIn2023,thetopthreeimportedgoodsgloballywerecrudeoil,passengermotorvehicles,andtelephonesandotherequipmentforsendingorreceivingsound,images,orotherdata.ThesereflecttheU.S.'srelianceonexternalresourcesanddemandforhigh-qualityconsumergoods.Thetopthreeexportedgoodswererefinedpetroleum,crudeoil,andpetroleumgasesandotherhydrocarbongases.ThesereflecttheU.S.'spositionintheglobalindustrialchainandsupplychain,aswellasitsadvantagesinenergyandmanufacturingsectors.MajorcommoditiesimportedbytheUnitedStatesfromaroundtheworldinclude:CrudeoilMotorvehiclesforthetransportofpeopleTelephones;otherequipmentforthetransmissionorreceptionofsound,images,orotherdataAutomaticdataprocessingequipmentanditspartsMedicinaldrugsPartsandaccessoriesofmotorvehiclesRefinedoilproductsVaccinesandotherimmunologicalproductsIntegratedcircuitsFreightmotorvehiclesMajorcommoditiesexportedbytheUnitedStatestotheglobalmarketinclude:RefinedoilproductsCrudeoilPetroleumgasandotherhydrocarbongasesMotorvehiclesforthetransportofpeopleIntegratedcircuitsVaccinesandotherimmunologicalproductsPartsandaccessoriesofmotorvehiclesGold(non-monetaryuse)MedicinaldrugsSoybeansU.S.InternationalTradeOverview-ServicesTradeIn2023,thetotalimport/exportofserviceswas$177.479billion,a6.73%increasefromthepreviousyear.Exportswere$102.66billion,a8.17%increase,andimportswere$74.82billion,a4.81%increase.Themainimportedserviceswerecommercialservices,travelservices,andtransportationservices;exportedservicesweremainlycommercial,travel,andfinancialservices.U.S.InternationalTradeOverview-TradingPartnersTheU.S.'smaintradingpartnersincludetheEuropeanUnion,Mexico,China,Canada,andJapan.In2023,MexicosurpassedChinatobecometheU.S.'ssecond-largesttradingpartner,withimportsfromtheEU,Mexico,andChinaaccountingfor18.7%,15.3%,and13.7%,respectively.ThetopthreeimportedgoodsfromChinaweretelephonesandotherequipmentforsendingorreceivingsound,images,orotherdata,automaticdataprocessingequipmentanditsparts,andtoys.ThetopthreeexportedgoodstoChinaweresoybeans,integratedcircuits,andpassengermotorvehicles.ThetoptencommoditiesimportedbytheUnitedStatesfromChinaare:Telephones;otherequipmentforthetransmissionorreceptionofsound,images,orotherdata.Automaticdataprocessingequipmentanditsparts.Toys.Partsandaccessoriesofmotorvehicles.Lampsandlightingfixtures.Accumulators(batteries).Seatsandtheirparts.Furnitureanditsparts.Plasticproducts.Videogamecontrollersandequipment.ThetoptencommoditiesexportedbytheUnitedStatestoChinaare:Soybeans.Integratedcircuits.Motorvehiclesforthetransportofpeople.Petroleumgasandotherhydrocarbongases.Crudeoil.Machinesandapparatusforthemanufactureofsemiconductors.Corn(maize).Turbojetenginesandothergasturbines.Vaccinesandotherimmunologicalproducts.Medicalinstrumentsandapparatus.U.S.eCommerceMarketOverview02U.S.eCommerceMarketOverviewTheU.S.istheworld'ssecond-largeste-commercemarket,anditsgrowthratehasconsistentlyremainedattheforefrontglobally.In2023,theU.S.e-commerceindustryrevenuewas$1,065.68billion,a12.9%increaseyear-over-year.By2028,e-commercesalesareexpectedtoaccountformorethanafifth(20.4%)oftotalretailsalesintheU.S.,indicatingstrongmomentumforgrowthinthemarket.U.S.eCommerceMarketOverviewTheU.S.e-commercemarketischaracterizedbya"dominantplayer"situation,withAmazontakingasignificantmarketshare.However,otherplatformssuchasWalmart,eBay,andnewe-commerceplatformslikeTemu,Shein,andTikTokShoparealsovigorouslycapturingmarketshare.Afterthepandemic,U.S.consumersgraduallyestablishedanonlineshoppinghabit,andtheproportionofonlineretailsaleshascontinuedtoincrease.Inthefirstquarterof2019,onlineretailsalesaccountedforonly10%,whileby2023,thisproportionhadrisento15.6%.Consumers'demandforvalueformoneyisgrowing,andvalueretailersareexperiencingexceptionalgrowth.Atthesametime,theriseofsocialmediaandshortvideoplatformshasalsodriventheriseofsocialcommerce,withconsumersincreasinglyobtainingshoppinginspirationandcompletingtransactionsthroughsocialmedia.DevelopmentofCross-bordereCommerce03DevelopmentofCross-bordereCommerceIn2022,themostpopularcountriesforU.S.consumerstoshopcross-borderwereChina(49%),theUnitedKingdom(12%),andJapan(7%).By2022,33%ofpeopleusedcross-bordere-commercetopurchaseclothing,and14%usedittopurchasetoysorhobbyitems.Ononehand,locale-commerceplatformslikeAmazonhaveobviousadvantagesinlogistics,delivery,andafter-salesservice.Ontheotherhand,othercross-bordere-commerceplatformsarealsoactivelycapturingmarketsharebycompetingonpriceandquality.Meanwhile,influencedbyuncertainfactorssuchastariffsandtradepolicies,thefutureofU.S.cross-bordere-commercewillcontinuetomaintainrapidgrowth,andmarketcompetitionwillbecomeevenmorefierceanddiversified.TypicaleCommercePlatformsAmazon:AmazonisthelargestonlineretailcompanyintheUnitedStates,locatedinSeattle,Washington.Foundedin1995,Amazonhasbecometheworld'slargestonlineretailerwiththemostdiverseproductselectionandaleadingpositionintheAmericane-commerceindustry.TypicaleCommercePlatformseBay:eBayisanonlineauctionandshoppingwebsitethatallowspeopleworldwidetobuyandsellitems.Ithas37independentsitesandportalscovering190countriesandregionswithnearly300millionusers.TypicaleCommercePlatformsWish:Foundedin2011,WishinitiallypushedproductadstousersbasedonpreferencealgorithmsonFacebook.In2013,ittransformedintoe-commerce。UnliketraditionalU.S.e-commerceplatforms,Wishismorelikeageneralstore,sellingavarietyofinexpensivegoods,withmanyvendorsbeingsmallandmedium-sizedbrands,focusingonpriceandvalueformoney.TypicaleCommercePlatformsOtherPlatforms:Besideslocalcross-bordere-commerceplatformsintheUnitedStates,TikTokShop,Temu,AliExpressandothere-commerceplatformsarealsopopularintheU.S.U.S.CultureandEtiquette04BusinessSocialCultureAmericancompaniestypicallyuseFacebookandTwitterforsocialinteractions,whileindividualsmainlyuseFacebook,Instagram,andTikTok.Generally,Americansenjoyconversingwithpeoplewhohaveasenseofhumor,andpopulartopicsforchattingcanincludesports,travel,food,music,movies,andbooks.MostAmericanshavetheirnamesintheorderoffirstname,middlename,andlastname.StandardworkinghoursintheU.S.arefrom8amto4:30pm,withan8-hourworkday.Peopleusuallystartworkaround8amandfinishat4:30pm,withanadditional30minutesforlunch.Sundaysaretypicallyreservedforattendingreligiousservices.BusinessSocialEtiquetteUponmeetingsomeoneforthefirsttime,itiscommontousetheirlastname,usuallyaccompaniedbytitlessuchas"Dr."(Doctor),"Ms."(Miss),"Miss"(Miss),"Mrs."(Mrs.),or"Mr."(Mr.)followedbythelastname.Ifunsureaboutawoman'smaritalstatus,"Ms."(Miss)canbeusedtoaddressher.WhenmeetingAmericans,youcantalkabouthobbies,localleisureactivities,art,entertainment,andpopularU.S.sportsteams.Itisokaytoaskaboutspousesorchildrenonceyougettoknowsomeonebetter.However,ifyouarenotveryfamiliarwiththeperson,avoiddiscussingreligion,politics,orothercontroversialtopics.Whenwishingtomaintainfurthercontact,businesscardsareexchanged.Whenreceivingsomeone'sbusinesscard,Americansoftenputitintheirwallet,andsomemenmayputtheirwalletinthebackpocketoftheirpants.BusinessSocialEtiquette030201GiftsareoftenexchangedduringtheChristmasseason(fromlateNovembertothefirstweekofJanuary).Forbusinesspartners,officedecor,spirits,orwinecanbesuitablegifts.Becarefulnottochoosegiftswithreligiousconnotations.ThereareAmericanandEuropeanstylesforusingcutlery,butmanyAmericansarequitecasualabouttheirknifeandforkusageandfollowtheleadofothers.Whenthehostoffersteaorcoffee,itm