英語文檔：我好高興

UnitOneTheEnglishLanguage

TextOneEnglishIsaQueerLanguage

Pre-readingquestions:

Doyouthinklanguageissomethingqueer?Howabout我好高興and我好不高興？

DoyouthinkEnglishisaqueerlanguage?Let'slookatthefollowingexamples:

Eatwhatyoucanandcanwhatyoucannot.

Whenisthetraintoleave?Twototwo.

Theseareexamplesofhomonyms,withthesamepronunciationanddifferentmeaning.Alsothere

areEnglishwordswiththesamespellingbutdifferentpronunciationanddifferentmeaning.Can

yougivemesomeexamples?

leadvs.lead,tearvs.tear,windvs.wind,etc.

Ithinkwe'vechosentherightpersontoleadtheexpedition.

Myjokeaboutthealcoholicwentdownlikealeadballoon.

DidyounoticethetearsinhiseyeswhenhetalkedaboutDiane?

Youhavetobeverycarefulwithbooksthisoldbecausethepapertendstotearveryeasily.

Theweatherforecastwarnedofwindsofupto60-miles-an-hourtoday.

Thatnoiseyoucanhearisthetapewindingback.

Englishisnotonlyqueer;itmayevendriveuscrazy.Let'slookatthetwopoemsontensetimes

withwordsandthespellbound.

Aren'ttheseexamplesinteresting?Thetextwe'regoingtodealwithtodaytouchesanother

interestingaspectoftheEnglishlanguage-phrasalverbs.

“EnglishisaQueerLanguage,,waswrittenbyAliceHamiltonin1959,onAtlanticMonthly,pp.

51-52.ItisoneofthetwopiecesthisAmericanphysicianwroteontheEnglishlanguage,which

reflectedontheincongruitiesofthelanguage,principallyasobservedbythePetrzelkafamily.

AbouttheEnglishLanguage

Englishisnowbeingusedasaworldlanguage,forinternationalcommunication.Almostevery

educatedpersoncanspeaksomeEnglishanditseemsifyoucanspeakalittleEnglish,youcan

travelaroundtheworldwithoutmuchtrouble.ButtheEnglishlanguageisfirstanational

language-ifsthelanguageoftheBritishpeople.

NowletmeintroducetoyouthebriefhistoryoftheEnglishlanguage:

EnglishisamemberoftheIndo-Europeanfamily,adescendantoftheGermanicbranch.It

belongstothesmallerfamilyofwesternGermaniclanguages.ThefirstEnglish-speakingpeople

weresomeGennanictribesfromtheNorthernEuropeancontinent,mainlytheAngles,Saxons,

andJutesintoday'ssouthernDenmark.ThesetribesfinishedtheirconquestoftheBritishIslesin

449.Sothemid5cccanbeseenasaformalstartofthelanguageandtheBritishpeople.

InLatinandearlyGermaniclanguages,AngleswerecalledAngli,comingfromthenoun“angle”.

ThisisareferencetotheirformerresidenceintheEuropeancontinent,whichislikeasharpangle

extendingintotheSouthBalticSea.InoldEnglish,AnglibecomesEngle,aftertheGreatvowel

shift.AsamongthethreeGermanictribesthattookresidenceinBritain,theAnglestookthe

majority,inOldEnglish,Angclcynn,Angle-race,referstothethreetribesingeneral.Therefore,

England,landoftheAngles,referstothelandthethreetribesresideinwhileEnglishrefersto

theircommonlanguage一OldEnglish.

Aquestionforyoutothinkaboutafterclass:Whyit'sEnglish,insteadofsomeotherimperial

languages,forexample,FrenchorSpanish,thatisbeingusedasaninternationallanguagetoday?

[Introduction]

anumberof-

Anumberofthingsisseveralofthem.

Idecidednottogoforanumberofreasons.

Anynumberofthingsisalotofthem.

Thereareanynumberofkindsofpastaonsaleinthatshop.

Payattentiontotheverbformwhenanumberofthingsisusedasthesubject:

Asmallnumberofchildrenareeducatedathome.

(slightlyformal)Asmallnumberofchildreniseducatedathome.

Alargenumberof(=Many)invitationshavebeensent.

(slightlyformal)Alargenumberofinvitationshasbeensent.

phrasalverb:agroupofwordsthatactlikeaverbandconsistusuallyofaverbwithanadv.

and/oraprep.

eg.see(sth.)through/lookfor(sth.)

defy(v.):torefusetoobeyorbehaveintheusualorexpectedway

Howlongwillthosecriminalscontinuetodefythelaw!

Thefactthataircraftdon'tfalloutoftheskyalwaysseemstometodefy(=actagainst)thelawof

gravity.違背重力定律

Theteamsdefiedthesnowtoplaythesemi-finalmatch(=theyplayeddespitethesnow),顧下

雪的天氣，進(jìn)行了半決賽。

(figurative)Thechaosattheairportdefiesdescription(=isimpossibletodescribe).

Ifyoudefysomeonetodosomething,youtellthemtodosomethingthatyouthinkwillbe

impossible.IdefyyoutotellwhereI'vepaintedoverthescratchonmycar*.[+object+to

infinitive]我倒要問問你

defiance,defiant

Thedemonstrationisapointlessact/gestureofdefianceagainstthegovernment.

這一示威游行是反抗政府的無謂舉動(dòng)/表態(tài)。

Indefianceoftheceasefire,rebeltroopsareagainfiringonthecapital.無視?！啊辞?議

adefiantattitude/gesture違抗的態(tài)度/姿態(tài)

Someteachersfinditdifficulttodealwithdefiantstudents.不順從的學(xué)生

ThePrimeMinisterwasindefiantmoodintheHouseofCommonsyesterday.

昨天首相在下議院里無視不同的政見。

Commonsenseisthebasiclevelofpracticalknowledgeandwisdomthatweallneedtohelpus

liveinareasonableandsafeway.

Don*ttouchthatlightswitchwithwethands!Useyourcommonsense.

commonsensical-havingorofapracticalorreasonablewayofthinkingoracting

Commonsensicalornot,adecisiontocallahalttothearmsracewillnotbeeasy.

Ithinkwomenaremorecommonsensicalthanmen.

Linguisticallyorientedasitis,theessaydoesnotmakeheavyreading.

Paraphrase:Althoughtheessaydiscusseslanguagematters,itisnotdifficulttoreadand

understand.

1)oriented(v.+-ed):givingagreatdealoftime,effort,orattentiontosomething

(Thisisacombiningform,showingthedirectioninwhichsomethingisaimed.)Orientedshows

thedirectioninwhichsomethingisaimed.

export-orientedindustries以外貿(mào)為主的產(chǎn)業(yè)

democratically-orientedvotes民主投票

apoorbuteducation-orientedfamily貧窮但注重教育的家庭

TheDepartmentofEducationwantscollegestoputmoreemphasisonpractical,career-oriented

teaching.教育部要高等學(xué)府更多地把重點(diǎn)放在實(shí)際的、面向職業(yè)的教學(xué)上。

2)as(conj.):introducesaninvertedstructureforemphasis

Coldasitwas,Johnwentswimming.=Althoughitwascold

Richassheis,shecountseverypenny.=Althoughsheisrich...

3)make-havecertainnecessaryqualitiesforsth.

I'msureyou,llmakeaverygoodteacher.

Thehallwouldmakeanidealvenueforweddingreception.

anecdotal(adj.):containingshort,interestingoramusingstoriesaboutparticularpersonsor

events.

anecdotalapproach:awayoftalkingaboutsomethingbyemployinginterestingoramusing

stories

anecdote(a.)eg.DoyouliketoreadanecdotesaboutHollywoodstars.1?

approach:wayofdealingwiththings

Sinceourresearchsofarhasnotproducedanyanswerstothisproblem,weneedtoadopta

differentapproachtoit.

Fvejustreadaninterestingbookwhichhasanewapproach(newwayofconsidering)to

Shakespeare.我剛讀了一本挺有趣的書，用一種新的途徑來研究莎士比亞。

I'mnotsurehowtoapproachtheproblem.(dealwithsth.)

learnabout：getsomeknowledgeaboutsth.

Kidscanhavefunandlearnaboutmusicatthesametime.

Wewereshockedwhenwelearntabout/ofhissuddendeath.

[Paragraph1]

(L4)...neverbeforehadL..:aninvertedwordorderinwhich"neverbefore11isusedatthe

beginningofthesentenceforemphasis.Anumberofotherwordsarealsousedinthisway:

Neveragainshallweargueinpublic.

LittledoIknowaboutherhistory.

Seldomdidhewritehomeduringthoseyearsabroad.

(L4-5)Ahasnothing/something/much/llttletodowithB

have/betodowithsomebody/something：tobeaboutsomething,berelatedtosomething,orbe

involvedwithsomething:

Theirconversationhadbeenlargelytodowithwork.

I'msorryabouttheaccident,butit*snothingtodowithme(=1amnotinvolvedinanyway).

Thisquestiondoesn'thaveanythingtodowiththemaintopicofthesurvey.

I'msureherproblemshavesomethingtodowithwhathappenedwhenshewasachild.

Scientificdevelopmenthasmuchtodowithexploration,somethingtodowithspeculation,and

littletodowithluck.

(L5)thelatter:denotingthesecondorsecondmentionedoftwo,usuallyusedin

combinationwiththeformer,thefirstorfirstmentionedoftwo

JackandBillaretwins,butthelatteristallerthantheformer.

Whereunemploymentandcrimearehigh,itcanbeassumedthatthelatterisduetotheformer.

(L6)identical(adj.):thesameto/with

fouridenticalhouses

ThiscoatisidenticalwiththeoneIusedtohave.

ThepictureisidenticaltotheoneinthemuseumofModemArtinNewYork.

Thetabletswereidenticalinsize,shape,andcolour.

Thesisterswereidenticalinappearanceandcharacter.

(L5-7)...neverbeforehadIrealizedthat"going"mayhavenothingtodowiththeverb”to

go”,thoughthelatterhasitsownpresentparticiplewhichseemsidentical.

Paraphrase:Though"togo"hasthesamepresentparticipleformas"going"，"going”inthiscaseis

quitedifferentfromtheverb"togo”.YetIhavenevernoticedorthoughtaboutit.

(L6)dealwith:tobeconnectedwith;tobeabout

Tom'snewbookdealswiththetroublesinIreland.

Hernewfilmdealswiththerelationshipbetweenawomanandherilldaughter.

DoyouhaveanybooksthatdealwithrailtravelinFrance?

Theauthorhastriedtodealwith(=writeabout)averydifficultsubject.

(L7)seesb./sth,through:tocontinuewithsomethinguntiltheend;tohelpsomebodyout

seesomethingthroughtocontinuedoingsomethinguntilitisfinished,especiallysomething

difficultorunpleasant:

Iflltakealotofefforttoseetheprojectthrough.

OnceCharlesstartedajob,hesawitthroughtillitwasfinished.

seesomebodythrough(something)togivehelpandsupporttosomeoneduringadifficult

time:

Settinggoalsshouldhelpseeyouthrough.

Pvegotenoughmoneytoseemethroughsixmonthsofunemployment.

DuringherearlyworkingyearsJenniferencounteredmanydifficulties,butMrs.

Milleralwayssawherthrough.

[Compare]:

seethroughsb./sth.:torecognizethetruthabout(anexcuse,afalsestatement,adeceivingperson,

etc.);nottobedeceivedby

Shehadlearnedtoseethroughherboyfriend'sdeceptions.看穿了他的欺騙

IcouldneverlietoherbecauseIknowshe*dseethroughmestraightaway.

Heknewhisfatherwellenoughtoseethroughhislaughterandrealizedhewasupsetaboutwhat

hadhappened.看穿他的笑容

(L8)tobetiredout:tobetotallyexhausted

Bythetimewegotthere,weweretiredout.

Wewereallreallytiredout(=verymuchinneedofrestorsleep)afterourlongjourney.

(L9)idiomatic(adj.):typicalofthenaturalspeechofanativespeakerofalanguage

idiomaticexpression/phrase-anidiom

—typicalofthenaturalwayinwhichsomeonespeaksorwriteswhentheyareusingtheirown

language:

HehadtheabilitytowritefluentandidiomaticEnglish.

TheirbooksaretranslatedintoidiomaticEnglish.

idiom(n.):agroupofwordsinafixedorderhavingaparticularmeaning,differentfromthe

meaningofeachwordunderstoodonitsown

Tullofbeans'isanidiomwhichmeanslivelyandenergetic.

"Tobeontopoftheworld"isanidiomthatmeanstobeveryhappy.

Don*tbiteoffmorethanyoucanchew.=Don'ttrytodosomethingthatistoodifficultfor

you.

I'mhardup.=Iamshortofmoney.=Ihavenomoney.

[Paragraph2]

(LIO)

(1)capacity(n.):theabilitytounderstandordosomething

achild'scapacityforlearning

acapacitytothinkinanoriginalway

Einstein*scapacityforabstractthinkingwasremarkable.

Shehasagreatcapacityforhardwork.[C]

capacitytodosomething

acapacitytothinkinanoriginalway

(2)beyond:outsideorafter(astatedlimit)

Myjobgoesbeyondjustteaching-myaimistoencouragethechildrentothinkforthemselves.

Histhoughtlessnessisbeyondbelief.-他的輕率不可思議。

Shehasalwayslivedbeyondhermeans.-入不敷出

Thewholeproblemwasquitebeyondhim.-toodifficultforhimtounderstand

beyondone'scapacitytodosth:(somebody)beingunabletodosomething

eg.ThispuzzlingusageofChineseisbeyondmycapacitytoexplain.

Hisbehaviorispuzzling,beyondmycapacitytoexplain.

(L12-13)missthebus:tofailtocatchthebus

Imissedthestartoftheexambecausemybuswaslate.

OftenImiss(=donoteat)breakfastandhaveanearlylunchinstead.

IwassorryImissed(=didnotsee)youatPat'sparty-1musthavearrivedafteryouleft.[T]

[Compare]

misssb.:tofeelsorryorunhappyattheabsenceofsomebody

IreallymissmyfriendsinScotland.

Hereallymissedhisgirlfriendwhenshewentaway.

WhatdidyoumissmostaboutEnglandwhenyouwerelivingFrance?

[Paragraph3]

even:usedtoemphasizeacomparison

Thiswillmakeourjobevenmoredifficult.

Thenewswasevenworsethanweexpected.

Thenext36hourswillbeevencolderwithsnowshowersbecomingmorewidespread.

Anydevaluationofsterlingwouldmakeitevenmoredifficulttokeepinflationlow.

英鎊的任何貶值都會(huì)導(dǎo)致更難保持低通貨膨脹。

Wecanuseeven,much,agreatdeal,etc.tomodifyacomparison,butnot"very”.

Itwillbecomemuchcoolerinthenextfewweeks.

Ihaveseenagreatdealmoreofhimthanyouinthepastfewyears.

(LI9)cellar(n.):aroomunderthegroundfloorofabuilding(usuallyusedfbrstorage)

(L20)while(conj.):(indicatingcontrastbetweenideas,asinthecontexthere)

ItisnightwiththeAmericans,whileitisdaywithus.

Somestudentsthinkphysicsiseasy,whileothersthinkitishard.

Idoeverysinglebitofhouseworkwhilehejustdoesthedishesnowandagain.

IspendtwohoursgettingreadytogooutwhileRozisreadyintenminutes!

(L21)attic(n.):aspaceorroomatthetopofabuilding,undertheroof(oftenusedforstorage)

burnupvs.burndown:

1ifsomethingburnsuporisburntup,itiscompletelydestroyedbyfireorheat:

Thesatellitewillbumupasitre-enterstheearth'satmosphere.

burnsomething—up

Mostofthewoodlandhasnowbeenburntup.

2burnsomething—upinformaltousealotofsomethinginacarelessway:

Mosthouseholdappliancesbumuploadsofelectricity.

Hejustbumsupmoney!

3beburningup:(spoken)ifsomeoneisburningup,theyareveryhot,usuallybecausetheyareill:

Feelhisforehead-he'sburningup.

4burnsomebodyup(AmericanEnglish)informaltomakesomeoneveryangry:

Thewayhetreatsherreallybumsmeup.

5burnsomething—uptouseenergythatisstoredinyourbody,bybeingphysicallyactive:

Aswegetolder,ourbodybecomeslessefficientatburningupcalories.

burndown(phrasalverb)

1ifabuildingbumsdownorisburneddown,itisdestroyedbyfire:

Shewasworriedthatthehousemightburndownwhiletheywereaway.

bumsomething—down

Theoldtownhallwasburntdowninthe1970s.

2ifafirebumsdown,theflamesbecomeweakeranditproduceslessheat

[Paragraph4]

either:usedwhenreferringtoachoicebetweentwopossibilities

"Doyoupreferporkorbeef?”"Idon*tlikeeither.**

"Wouldyoulikethemetalorplasticone?”"Eitherwilldo."

Youcangettherebytrainorbus-eitherway/ineithercaseit'lltakeanhour.

either...or...

Ieitherleftitathomeorinthecar-1can*trememberwhich.

EitheryouleavenoworIcallthepolice!

Youcanalsouseeithertomeanboth.

UnfortunatelyIwassittingatthetablewithsmokersoneithersideofme.

Aneither-orsituationisoneinwhichthereisachoicebetweentwodifferentplansofactionbut

bothtogetherarenotpossible.

It'saneither-orsituation-wecanbuyanewcarthisyearorwecangoonholidaybutwecan'tdo

both.兩者只能擇其一

"No；Tsaid,“itdoesnot.”

Aboutthepunctuationmarks.

€t

“Yourinformation,1repliedaisoutofdate.”

“Yes,Isupposeso,“hesaid.ctIfsdifficult,isn'tit?”

slowdown/up:tomakeslower

Slowdown/up,youtwo,you'rewalkingtoofast![I]

Slowdown/up-1can*tfollowwhatyou'resayingwhenyouspeaksofast![I]

Thedoctorhastoldhimtoslowdown/up(=belessactiveandrelaxmore)orhe*llhavea

heait-attack」I]放慢生活節(jié)奏

Theyslowedthefilmdowntoseeiftheycouldidentifyanyofthefaces.[M]減慢電影的放映速

度，看看能否辨認(rèn)出任何面孔。

slowdown-areductioninspeed,activityortheratethatthingsareproduced

aworldwideeconomicslowdown全球性經(jīng)濟(jì)減退

Thenupnphrasesinthisparagraph.

1)hurryup(L27):Tohurry(up)orhurrysomethingupmeanstoactordosomethingmorequickly

thanyouhadbeendoingit.

Hurry(up),orwe'llmissthetrain.[I]

Couldyouhurrythechildrenup,ortheirdinnerwillgetcold.[M]

Fdlikeyoutohurryupyourreport,please.[M]

2)cleanup(L27):tocleanthoroughlyandremoveanythingunwanted

It'sagoodideatocleandown(=removedirtfrom)thewoodworkbeforeyoupaintit.

We'llgooutassoonasFvecleanedup(=removedthedirtfrom)thekitchen.

Vmfedupwithcleaningupafteryou(=removingdirtthatyouhavemade).

It'stimeyougaveyourbedroomagoodclean-up.

Residentshavecalledforaclean-upcampaigntokeeptheirstreetsfreefromrubbish.開展?次

清潔衛(wèi)生運(yùn)動(dòng)

Thephrasecleanuphasseveralothermeanings:

Weneedamayorwhoistoughenoughtocleanupthistown(=removeillegalordishonest

activityfromit).凈化城市，清除城市的違法犯罪活動(dòng)

Thistownisfullofdrunksandswindlers-itcouldreallyuseagoodclean-up(=itneedstohave

dishonestpeopleandcriminalsremovedfromit).搞一次凈化運(yùn)動(dòng)

Somepeoplethinkthattelevisionshouldbecleanedup(=thatthereshouldbelesssexand

violenceonit).清除電視中的色情和暴力

Tocleanupyouractistostarttoobeycertainlawsorgenerallyacceptedstandardsofbehaviour.

Youaregoingtohavetocleanupyouractifyou'reseriousaboutkeepingyourjob.如果你真的

想保留這份工作，你就得遵紀(jì)守法。

Ihearhecleanedupasmallfortuneinthelottery.(U.S.slang,towin)在抽獎(jiǎng)贏錢

Thatwasarealclean-upJoehad(=Hewonalotofmoney)attheracesyesterday.

在昨天的賽馬中真是發(fā)了大財(cái)。

3)wrapup(L28):tocoversomethinginamaterialfoldedaroundit

Shewrapped(up)thepresentandtieditwithribbon.[TorM]

But“wrapup“hasmanyothermeanings,indifferentcontexts:

(informal)Ifyouarewrappedupinsomeoneorsomething,youareveryinterestedinthemand

ignoreotherpeopleorthings.

Youngpeopleareoftenwrappedupintheircareers.專心致志于事業(yè)

He'scompletelywrappedupinher.完全傾心于她

Towrapyourselfupistoputonwarmclothes.

Wcwrappedourselvesupagainstthebitterwind.[M]

“Wrapup“alsomeanstocompleteorfinish(something)successfully

Shewrappedupadealwiththeunionjustbeforethedeadline.在截止日期前成功地完成與工會(huì)

的一項(xiàng)交易

HehittwofreethrowstowrapupthegameforSeattle.投中兩粒罰球，贏得比賽。

4)tidyup(L28):tomakeneat;toputinorder

Pmtiredofaskingyoutotidy(up)yourroom/tidyyourroomup.[M]

It'samazinghowaquicktidy-upcantransfbnnyourhome.

(L28)mess(n.):astateofdisorderoruntidiness

eg.Theroomwasinamess.

IalwaysmakeamesswhenItrytocookanything.[U]

Youlookamess-youcan*tgooutlikethat![U]

Theroomwasamessofclothesandpaperwhichhadbeenscatteredalloverthefloor.

[Compare]

mass:alargenumberofpeopleorthings

eg.Therearemassesofdarkcloudsinthesky.

mess(n.)—messy(adj.)-messily(adv.)

(L28)tidy(v.):tomakesomebody/somethingneat(oftenfollowedby"up")

eg.Besuretotidyupbeforetheguestsarrive.

Thechildrenwereexpectedtotidyawaytheirtoys/totidytheirtoysaway(=puttheminthe

correctplace)beforebedtime.[M]

tidy(v.)—tidy(adj.)—tidily(adv.)—tidiness(n.)

Myroomisnotastidyasyours.

Getupanddressuptidilyfbryourfirstdayatschool.

Thetidinessofthisroomsuggeststhatthepersonlivinghereisveryfastidious.

[Paragraph6]

(L32)skeptical(adj.):(AmE)=sceptical(BrE):doubtful

Iamratherskepticalaboutyourprospectsofsuccess.

Somepeoplethinktheeconomywillimprovesoon,butmanyexpertsremainscepticalabout/of

this.

Itcomesfromthenounsceptic,whichmeansapersonwhodoubtsthetruthorvalueofanideaor

belief.

Theytriedhardtoconvincethescepticsofthetruthofwhattheysaid.

Theunionhasreactedscepticallytothemanagement'sassurancesthattherewouldbenomorejob

losses.對(duì)于資方不再裁員的保證，工會(huì)的反應(yīng)是懷疑的。

(L32)meditation(n.):seriousthoughtorstudy;deepthinking,reflection(usuallyfollowedby

“on”)

Thebookisameditationonthemoralityofart.

Sheisdeepinmeditation.

meditate:tothinkseriously(aboutsomething),esp.fbralongtime

Theydecidedtomeditateon/uponthematterfbranadditionalweekorso.

Ifyoumeditate,yougiveyourattentiontoonething,anddonotthinkaboutanythingelse,usually

asareligiousactivityoraswayofcalmingorrelaxingyourmind.

Hemeditatedfor20minuteseveryday.每天默想20分鐘

Meditationisseriousthoughtorstudy,ortheproductofthisactivity.

Ilefthimdeepinmeditation.[U]他陷入了沉思，我沒打擾他。

Whatistheoutcomeofyourmeditations?Doyouthinkit'sagoodidea?[C]

ThefilmwasCezanne；a50-minutemeditationonthepainterandhiswork.[C]探討畫家和他

的作品的50分鐘長(zhǎng)的影片

Thebookisameditationonthemoralityofart.[C]探討藝術(shù)道德

Meditationisalsotheactofgivingyourattentiontoonlyonething,eitherasareligiousactivityor

asawayofbecomingcalmandrelaxed.

prayerandmeditation禱告與默想

Shepractisesmeditation.

Asshegrewolder,theauthorbecamemoremeditative,andthisisreflectedinherlaterbooks.隨

著年事漸高，作者越來越愛冥想。

(L32-33)comeback:toreplyquickly,ofteninanangryorunkindway

"Youarenotsocleveryourself,"shecameback.

AfterJohn'sunkindremarkaboutherclothes,Jeancamebackathimwithanangrylook.

Hecamebackatmeimmediately,accusingmeofbeingaliar.

Comebackthencanbeusedtorefertoaquickreplythatisoftenclever,funnyandinsulting.

Hecouldfindnosuitablecomebacktotheremark.對(duì)那句話他找不到合適的回答。

Heshouldn'tthusinviteasarcasticcomeback.他不該因而惹人反唇相譏。

(L33)triumph:agreatsuccessorachievement,oftengainedwithgreateffort

eg.TheChinesesportsteamreturnedfromSydneyintriumph.

~fbratremendousdiplomatictriumphfbrFance

?overthetriumphoverhardship

ThesigningoftheagreementwasapersonaltriumphforthePrimeMinister.[C]

ThematchendedintriumphfortheFrenchteam.[U]以法國隊(duì)獲勝告終

SamuelJohnsondescribedmarryingfbrasecondtimeasatriumphofhopeoverexperience.[C]

把第二次結(jié)婚描述為希望戰(zhàn)勝了經(jīng)驗(yàn)

Thesamewordcanalsobeusedasaverb.

Ibelievethatsoonerorlatergoodmusttriumphoverevil.[I]

Themovietellsthestoryofawomanfromaworking-classghettowhotriumphsagainsttheodds

towinaplaceatatopuniversity.[I]影片講述了一位來自于工人階級(jí)居住區(qū)的婦女戰(zhàn)勝困難

在一所重點(diǎn)大學(xué)贏得一席之地的故事。

Compare:triumphalandtriumphant

Triumphalthingscelebrateagreatvictoryorsuccess.

TheArcdeTriompheisatriumphalarchinPariswhichcommemoratesNapoleon'smilitary

victories.凱旋門是巴黎的一座為了慶祝勝利而建的拱門，它紀(jì)念拿破侖取得的軍事勝利。

Someonewhoistriumphanthasachievedagreatvictoryorsuccess,orisveryhappyandproud

becauseofsuchanachievement.

Itseemedasthoughthewholecityhadturnedoutfortheirteam'striumphanthomecoming.看上

去萬人空巷，全城都在迎接自己的參賽隊(duì)凱旋而歸。

The"make"phrasesinthisparagraph:

makeupthebed(L24):toarrangethebedsothatitisreadyforuse

Similarly:

Heaskedthemanbehindthecountertomakeupaboxwithamixedselectionofchocolates.他要

售貨員準(zhǔn)備一盒不同類型的巧克力。

makeupone'smind(L35):todecide

Ican'tmakeupmymindwhichIwant.

makeupone'sface(L35):tousecosmeticstoimprovetheappearance

Shetakesagestomakeupinthemornings.她早晨化妝需要花很多時(shí)間。

makeupwithsb.(136):tobecomefriendsagainafteraquarrel;tore-establishagood

relationship

Weoftenquarrelbutwealwaysmakeitupwitheachothersoonafter.我經(jīng)常吵架，不過彳艮'快

就會(huì)和好。

Othermeaningsof“makeup”:

Iwastryingtomakeupagoodexcusefbrbeingsolate,(toinvent)

Ihave20000poundsbutIneed25000pounds-myparentshavepromisedtomakeupthe

difference,(tomakecomplete)我父母答應(yīng)補(bǔ)足差額。

Roadaccidentvictimsmakeupalmostaquarterofthehospital'spatients,(formasawhole)車禍

受傷者幾乎占了醫(yī)院病人的四分之一。

6.rouge-aredpowderputonthecheekstomakethefacelookmoreattractive月因“旨

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(L37)makeupastory:toinventastory(ofteninordertodeceive)

eg.Yourstoryaboutatwo-tailedsnake-youdidn*tmakeitup,didyou.,?

entertain:keepsb.interestedoramused

Thischildren'stelevisionprogrammeaimstobotheducateandentertainatthesametime.[I]

Wehiredamagiciantoentertainthechildrenattheparty.[T]

Theywereentertainerswhosang,dancedandtoldjokesforaliving.表演者

There'snotmuchinthewayofentertainmentinthistown-justthecinemaandacoupleofpubs.

[U]這個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)在娛樂方面沒有什么

(fbrnial)Thisseason'sentertainmentsincludefivenewplaysandseveralconcertsofChineseand

Indianmusic.[C]這個(gè)季節(jié)的娛樂節(jié)目

Ifyoudescribesomeoneorsomethingasentertaining,youmeanthattheyareamusingandthat

youenjoythem.

anentertainingstory有趣的故事

anentertainingfilm有趣的電影

Hisbooksaren'tparticularlywell-written,buttheyYealwaysentertaining.

Othermeaningsof"entertain”:

NowthatIliveonmyown,Idon*tentertainmuch.[I](請(qǐng)客)-toinvitepeopletoyourhousefbr

drinkandfood

Benotforgetfultoentertainstrangers:fbrtherebysomehaveentertainedangelsunawares.(Bible,

Hebrews13.2)不可忘記用愛心接待客旅，因?yàn)樵薪哟吐玫?，不知不覺就接待了天使。

Thismeaningisusuallyfoundintheexpression“toentertainanangelunawares”.

—(fml)toholdinyourmindortobewillingtoconsideroraccept

TheGeneralrefusedtoentertainthepossibilityofdefeat.拒絕考慮失敗的可能性

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(L38-39)sendsb.onsth.:givesomebodythetaskofdoingsomething

tosendaservantonanerrand

Newemployeesaresentonanintensivetrainingcourse.

rest:n.[U+singularorpluralverb]

“Therest“meanstheotherthings,peopleorpartsthatareleftorthathavenotbeenmentioned

It'snaturalateachergetsafewbrightstudentsandtherestareaverage.

Filkeepathirdofthemoneyandtherestisforyou.

Haveyougotanythingplannedfortherestoftheday?

Hespenttherestofhisliferegrettingthathehadn*tmarriedher.

Fortherestisusedwhenintroducingaphrasetomeanthatyouhavealreadymentionedthe

importantpartsandyounowwanttomentiontheotherlessimportantparts.

Thesalaryinmynewjobisgreat,but(as)fbrtherest,Tinnotimpressed.

Relatedwords

(informal)(And)alltherestisusedattheendofaphraseorlisttorefertootherthingsorpeople

thatbelongtothesamesetorgroupandthatyouhavenothadtimetomention.

Bob,JuneandAlisonandalltherestarecomingtodinnertonight.

TheBeatleshadtheirfirsthitrecordin1962andtherestishistor