上海市楊浦區(qū)2025屆高三下學期二模試題 英語 含解析

楊浦區(qū)2024學年度第二學期高三年級模擬質(zhì)量調(diào)研英語學科試卷2025.4考生注意：1．考試時間105分鐘，試卷滿分115分。2．本次考試設試卷和答題紙兩部分。所有答題必須涂（選擇題）或?qū)懀ǚ沁x擇題）在答題紙上，做在試卷上一律不得分。3．務必在答題紙上填寫準考證號和姓名，并將核對后的條形碼貼在指定位置上。Ⅰ．GrammarandvocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.GermanSubwayStationCatchesEveryone’sAttentionIfyouhavethechancetotraveltoFrankfurt,it’sworthmakingastopattheBockenheimerWartesubwaystationjusttoseeitsuniqueentryway.___1___hasavividimaginationmightbeconvincedoftheexistenceofpowerfulsupervillains(超級反派).Theeye-catchingarchitecturethatmarkstheentrancetothestationlooksasifa___2___(threaten)gianthasliftedupatramcarandthrownitintothesolidconcretesidewalk.Inreality,ithasamuch___3___(practical)origin.Theconstructionofthisstationentrance,whichlooksparticularlylikethewreckageofatrolleycarhalfburiedintheground,___4___(credit)toanarchitectnamedZbigniewPeterPininski.___5___(feature)familiarobjects,suchasapples,eggs,birds,pipes,andclocks,inunusualcontexts,hewasabletoarouseasenseofwonderandcuriosityamongviewers.Inadditiontohisloveforabstractart,Pininskialsohadanotherreason___6___accountedforhismotivationtobuildsuchauniquesubwayentrance.Atthetime,thesubwaystationwassimplyaproposal___7___(extend)Frankfurt’ssubwaysystem.Manyofthelocalresidentswereconcernedabouttheimpacttheconstructionanddevelopment___8___(have)onthecommunity.Theissueledtoafiercedebate,withsomepeopleopposedtotheproject.Pininski’sunusualdesignhelpedwinoverenoughsupportforthesubwaystationtoget“thegreenlight”,anditwasbuiltin1986.Whilesomeresidentsstillcomplainedabouttheexpansionofthesubwaynetworkintotheirarea,Pininski’screativearchitecturewonpraisefrommany___9___.Ithasevenbecomeatouristattractionforpeopletoshootphotosofthemselvesnearwhatcouldbedescribed____10____aworkofart.Magritte,thelateBelgiansurrealistmaster,wouldhaveapprovedoftheBockenheimerWartesubwaystation.【答案】1.Whoever2.threatening3.morepractical4.wascredited5.Featuring6.that##which7.toextend8.wouldhave9.others10.as【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了德國法蘭克福BockenheimerWarte地鐵站的獨特入口設計，包括其外觀特點、設計師的創(chuàng)意來源、設計背后的故事以及該設計對當?shù)厣鐓^(qū)和游客的影響?！?題詳解】考查主語從句。句意：任何一個想象力豐富的人可能都會相信強大超級反派的存在?？仗帪橹髡Z從句的引導詞；主語從句中缺少主語，意為“任何一個……的人”，用whoever引導；出現(xiàn)在句首，首字母大寫。故填Whoever?！?題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：這個引人注目的車站入口建筑，看起來就像是一個極具威脅性的巨人舉起了一輛有軌電車，并把它扔到了堅硬的水泥人行道上。空處為修飾名詞用形容詞，意為“有威脅性的”，用threatening作定語。故填threatening?！?題詳解】考查形容詞比較級。句意：而實際上，它的由來要實用得多?？仗帪樾稳菰~形式修飾名詞，根據(jù)空前的“much”以及句意可知，空處為形容詞比較級形式。故填morepractical?！?題詳解】考查短語和時態(tài)。句意：這個看起來特別像一輛半埋在地下的電車殘骸的車站入口的建造歸功于一位名叫ZbigniewPeterPininski的建筑師?？仗帪楸揪渲^語動詞；becreditedto為固定短語，意為“歸功于”，句子描述過去的事情，應用一般過去時，主語為Theconstruction，是單數(shù)，be動詞用was。故填wascredited?！?題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：他將蘋果、雞蛋、鳥、管道和時鐘等常見物品置于不尋常的場景中，從而能夠喚起觀者的驚奇感和好奇心。空處為非謂語動詞擔當狀語；主語he和feature之間為主動關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞形式；出現(xiàn)在句首，首字母大寫。故填Featuring。【6題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：除了對抽象藝術(shù)的熱愛之外，Pininski打造這樣一個獨特的地鐵站入口還有另外一個原因。空處為定語從句的關(guān)系詞；先行詞為reason，指物，在定語從句中擔當主語，用關(guān)系代詞which或that引導。故填which或that?！?題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：當時，這個地鐵站還只是法蘭克福地鐵系統(tǒng)擴建的一個提議?？仗帪榉侵^語動詞形式，擔當名詞proposal的后置定語，用動詞不定式形式。故填toextend?！?題詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：許多當?shù)鼐用駬慕ㄔO和開發(fā)會給社區(qū)帶來影響?？仗帪閺木渲^語動詞；根據(jù)主句時態(tài)可判斷，此處表示從過去的角度看將來會發(fā)生的動作，應用過去將來時；主語theconstructionanddevelopment和動詞have之間為主動關(guān)系。故填wouldhave。【9題詳解】考查代詞。句意：盡管一些居民仍然抱怨地鐵網(wǎng)絡擴展到了他們所在的區(qū)域，但Pininski富有創(chuàng)意的建筑卻贏得了許多其他人的贊譽?？仗帪榇~形式，意為“其他人”，用代詞others。故填others?！?0題詳解】考查固定短語。句意：它甚至成為了一個旅游景點，人們會在這個可以被稱為藝術(shù)品的地方附近自拍留念。固定短語：bedescribedas，意為“被描述為、被稱為……”，符合句意。故填as。SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A．preservingB．focusC．ultimatelyD．determinedE．typicallyF．demandingG．generalH．exclusionaryI．powerJ．engagedK．changedHundredsofBirdstobeRenamedTheAmericanOrnithological(鳥類的)Society(AOS)hasannouncedthatitwillrenameallbirdsthatarenamedafterpeople.Thechangeisbeingmadetoensurethatnamesofpeoplewho___11___indiscriminationarenotattachedtothebirds.TheAOS,basedinChicago,hasmaintainedalistofEnglish-languagenamesforbirdsinNorthAmericasince1886.In2020,apetition(請愿書)___12___achangetobirdnamesthatwereconsideredharmfulwassignedby182peopleandsubmittedtotheAOS.Acommittee___13___thatallbirdsnamedafterpeopleshouldgetnewnames.“Thereis___14___inaname,”saidColleenHandel,thepresidentofAOS.“SomeEnglishbirdnameshaveassociationswiththepastthatcontinuetobe___15___.”Thenewnames,shesaid,would___16___on“theuniquefeatureofthebirdsthemselves.”TheAOSwillbegincomingupwithnewcommonnamesforthebirdsearlyNovember,focusingon70to80speciesintheUSandCanada.Thescientificnamesofthespecies,writteninLatin,willnotbe___17___.ThenamesofbirdsinLatinAmericawillbeconsiderednext.And___18___,theAOSplanstochangethenamesof263birds.Somebirdshavealreadygottenanewname.In2020,theAOSrenamedasongbirdthathadbeennamedaftera(n)___19___intheUSCivilWar(1861-1865)whohadbeenpartoftheConfederacy,thegroupofstatesthatwascommittedto____20____slavery.Thesongbird’snewnameisthethick-billedlongspur.ChristianCooper,aBlackbirdenthusiast,toldTheNewYorkTimes,“There’snoreasontohaveaperson’snameattachedtoabirdbecauseitdoesn’ttellyouanythingaboutthebird.”【答案】11.J12.F13.D14.I15.H16.B17.K18.C19.G20.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇新聞報道，主要講的是美國鳥類學會（AOS）決定重新命名所有以人名命名的鳥類，特別是那些與歷史上參與歧視行為的人相關(guān)的名稱?！?1題詳解】考查時態(tài)。句意：這一改變旨在確保那些曾參與歧視行為的人的名字不會與鳥類相關(guān)聯(lián)。由“indiscriminationarenotattachedtothebirds”可知，句子表示“曾參與歧視行為的人的名字不會與鳥類相關(guān)聯(lián)”，空格處意為“參與”，是engage，句子描述過去的事情，時態(tài)用一般過去時，空格處用過去式，故選J?！?2題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：2020年，一份要求更改被認為具有傷害性的鳥類名稱的請愿書得到了182人的簽署，并被提交給了AOS。由“petition”和“achangetobirdnames”可知，句子表示“一份要求更改被認為具有傷害性的鳥類名稱的請愿書”，空格處意為“要求”，是demand，句中謂語是wassigned，空格處用非謂語動詞，petition和demand之間是主謂關(guān)系，因此用現(xiàn)在分詞表主動，作后置定語，故選F?！?3題詳解】考查時態(tài)。句意：一個委員會決定，所有以人名命名的鳥類都應更換新名稱。由“thatallbirdsnamedafterpeopleshouldgetnewnames”可知，句子表示“一個委員會決定，所有以人名命名的鳥類都應更換新名稱”，空格處意為“決定”，是determine，句子描述過去的事情，時態(tài)用一般過去時，空格處用過去式，故選D?！?4題詳解】考查名詞。句意：“名字蘊含著力量，”AOS主席ColleenHandel說道。由“SomeEnglishbirdnameshaveassociationswiththepast”可知，句子表示“名字蘊含著力量”，空格處意為“力量”，是power，是不可數(shù)名詞，故選I?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：一些英語鳥類的名字與過去有聯(lián)系，這仍然是排他性的。由“SomeEnglishbirdnameshaveassociationswiththepast”可知，句子表示“這仍然是排他性的”，空格處意為“排他性的”，是exclusionary，故選H?！?6題詳解】考查時態(tài)。句意：新名稱將聚焦于“鳥類本身的獨特特征”。由“on“theuniquefeatureofthebirdsthemselves.””可知，句子表示“聚焦于“鳥類本身的獨特特征””，空格處意為“聚焦”，是focus，would后跟動詞原形，故選B?！?7題詳解】考查被動語態(tài)。句意：這些物種的拉丁學名（用拉丁文書寫）將保持不變。由“Thescientificnamesofthespecies,writteninLatin”可知，句子表示“這些物種的拉丁學名（用拉丁文書寫）將保持不變”，空格處意為“改變”，是change，名詞是被改變，句子用被動語態(tài)，空前有willnotbe，空格處用過去分詞，故選K。【18題詳解】考查副詞。句意：最終，AOS計劃更改263種鳥類的名稱。由“theAOSplanstochangethenamesof263birds”可知，句子表示“最終，AOS計劃更改263種鳥類的名稱”，空格處意為“最終”，是ultimately，故選C?！?9題詳解】考查名詞。句意：2020年，AOS將一種鳴禽重新命名，這種鳴禽原本是以美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)（1861-1865年）期間的一位將軍命名的，該將軍曾是南方聯(lián)盟（一個致力于維護奴隸制的州聯(lián)盟）的一員。由“intheUSCivilWar”可知，句子表示“以美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)期間的一位將軍命名的”，空格處意為“將軍”，是general，空前有a，空格處用單數(shù)，故選G?！?0題詳解】考查動名詞。句意：2020年，AOS將一種鳴禽重新命名，這種鳴禽原本是以美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)（1861-1865年）期間的一位將軍命名的，該將軍曾是南方聯(lián)盟（一個致力于維護奴隸制的州聯(lián)盟）的一員。由“Confederacy,thegroupofstatesthatwascommittedto”和“slavery”可知，句子表示“該將軍曾是南方聯(lián)盟（一個致力于維護奴隸制的州聯(lián)盟）的一員”，空格處意為“維護”，是preserve，to是介詞，空格處用動名詞作賓語，故選A。Ⅱ．ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.“Honestyisthebestpolicy”isacommonsaying,butinmanysituations,peopledonotwanttohearthetruth.Whetherit’safactoflifethatthey___21___wereotherwiseoracriticismoftheirbehavior,everyonehastruthsthattheywanttoignore.Thesetruthsarecalledtruthbombs,especiallywhentheyaretoldina___22___way.Thiscomparisonshowsthattruthcancausedamageifnothandledwell.Sometimeswedroptruthbombsoutofanger.Wemay___23___ourwordsbysayingthatweneedtoexpressouremotionsortohelptheotherpersonchangetheirways.Butoftenweusethetruthasa(n)___24___tomaketheotherpersonfeelbadandtorepaythemforwhattheydid.Truthbombsrarelyleadtoproductivediscussionbecausetheycausea___25___reaction.Thereceivermay___26___thecriticismorcounteritwithatruthbomboftheirown.Truthbombsalsooftenfailtorepresentthewholetruth.Angercanmakeitdifficulttoseethebigpicture,leadingtoan___27___misrepresentationofthetruth.Sometimespeopledoneedtohearhardtruths.Pretendingthatproblemsdonot___28___canweakentrustjustasmuchasdroppingtruthbombscan.Andfailingtoaddressproblemsinrelationshipscanleadtohatred,whichmay___29___boiloverintoconflict.Butitispossibleto____30____truthwithoutturningitintoabomb.Herearesomewaystodothat:●Payattentiontotiming.Itisoftenhelpfultogivethepersonsomeadvance____31____sotheyhavetimetomentallyprepare.●Askquestions.Don’tmake____32____aboutpeople’smotivation,butaskthemthereasonsfortheiractions.Alsoaskifthereareproblemsthatare____33____theirmistakesthatyoucouldhelpwith.Thesequestionswillhelpyougraspthesituationmorefully,andtherecipientmayacceptthecriticismmoreeasily.●Beasspecificaspossibleabouttheproblem.Avoidsweepingstatementsandgeneralizationsthatusetermssuchas“____34____”and“never.”Bypresentingtruthandaddressingproblemsinaconstructiveway,youcanstrengthenrelationshipsandavoidtheemotional____35____.21.A.declare B.wish C.foresee D.show22.A.friendly B.logical C.harsh D.concrete23.A.repeat B.justify C.digest D.misuse24.A.anchor B.trial C.pattern D.weapon25.A.defensive B.positive C.creative D.comparative26.A.accept B.analyze C.encounter D.reject27.A.accidental B.additional C.intentional D.external28.A.disappear B.swing C.exist D.pause29.A.eventually B.regularly C.equally D.violently30.A.spread B.stretch C.communicate D.cover31.A.planning B.warning C.training D.modelling32.A.inquiries B.confessions C.assumptions D.adjustments33.A.mixingwith B.puttingoff C.settingout D.contributingto34.A.always B.relatively C.perhaps D.initially35A.response B.damage C.support D.experience【答案】21.B22.C23.B24.D25.A26.D27.A28.C29.A30.C31.B32.C33.D34.A35.B【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要探討了“真相炸彈”這一概念，分析了人們?yōu)楹螘f出真相炸彈，以及真相炸彈帶來的負面影響。文章還提出了一些建設性的方法來傳達真相，以避免其變成“炸彈”?！?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：無論是他們希望并非如此的生活事實，還是對他們行為的批評，每個人都有自己想要忽略的真相。A.declare宣布、聲明；B.wish希望；C.foresee預見；D.show展示。根據(jù)上文““Honestyisthebestpolicy”isacommonsaying,butinmanysituations,peopledonotwanttohearthetruth.”可知，人們并不想聽到真相。由此可知，人們希望生活中的某些事實是另外一種樣子。故選B。【22題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這些真相被稱為“真相炸彈”，尤其是當它們以一種嚴厲的方式被說出的時候。A.friendly友好的；B.logical邏輯的、合理的；C.harsh嚴厲的；D.concrete具體的。根據(jù)下文“Thiscomparisonshowsthattruthcancausedamageifnothandledwell.”可知，這種被稱為“真相炸彈”的真相如果處理不好會造成傷害，所以應該是用一種嚴厲的方式說出。故選C?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我們可能會為自己的話辯解，稱我們需要表達自己的情感，或者是為了幫助對方改變他們的行為方式。A.repeat重復；B.justify證明……是正當?shù)?、為……辯護；C.digest消化、理解；D.misuse濫用。根據(jù)下文“bysayingthatweneedtoexpressouremotionsortohelptheotherpersonchangetheirways”可知，我們會通過一些理由來證明我們說的話是合理的。故選B?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但通常我們把真相當作一種“武器”，用來讓對方感到難受，并報復他們所做事情。A.anchor拋錨停泊、錨；B.trial審判、試驗；C.pattern模式、圖案；D.weapon武器。根據(jù)下文“maketheotherpersonfeelbadandtorepaythemforwhattheydid”可知，我們經(jīng)常把真相當作一種讓別人感覺不好并報復他們的武器。故選D?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：“真相炸彈”很少能引發(fā)富有成效的討論，因為它們會引發(fā)一種防御性的反應。A.defensive防御的；B.positive積極的；C.creative創(chuàng)造性的；D.comparative比較的、相對的。根據(jù)下文“Thereceivermay___6___thecriticismorcounteritwithatruthbomboftheirown.”可知，接受者會進行回擊，由此可知，“真相炸彈”會引發(fā)一種防御性的反應。故選A。【26題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：接受者可能會拒絕這種批評，或者用他們自己的“真相炸彈”予以回擊。A.accept接受；B.analyze分析；C.encounter遭遇；D.reject拒絕。根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知，“真相炸彈”會引發(fā)一種防御性的反應；再根據(jù)下文“counteritwithatruthbomboftheirown”可知，接受者會拒絕這種批評。故選D?！?7題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：憤怒會讓人難以看清全局，從而導致對真相的意外歪曲。A.accidental偶然的、無意的，意外的；B.additional額外的、附加的；C.intentional故意的；D.external外部的、外面的。根據(jù)上文“Angercanmakeitdifficulttoseethebigpicture”可知，憤怒會使我們很難看到全局，從而導致對真相不小心的、無意地曲解，憤怒讓人看不清事實，所以歪曲的事實是無意的。故選A?！?8題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：假裝問題不存在，這對信任的削弱程度，與拋出“真相炸彈”一樣嚴重。A.disappear消失；B.swing搖擺；C.exist存在；D.pause停頓。根據(jù)下文“canweakentrustjustasmuchasdroppingtruthbombscan”可推測，假裝問題不存在會像扔出真相炸彈一樣削弱信任。故選C。【29題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：而且，如果不解決人際關(guān)系中的問題，可能會導致仇恨，而仇恨最終可能會激化成為沖突。A.eventually最終；B.regularly定期地；C.equally平等地；D.violently猛烈地。根據(jù)上文“Andfailingtoaddressproblemsinrelationshipscanleadtohatred”可知，不解決關(guān)系中的問題會導致仇恨，這種仇恨可能最終會爆發(fā)為沖突。故選A?！?0題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：但我們有可能在不把真相變成“炸彈”的情況下進行溝通。A.spread傳播、展開；B.stretch伸展；C.communicate交流；D.cover報道、覆蓋。根據(jù)下文“Herearesomewaystodothat”可知，有些方法能讓我們在不把真相變成炸彈的情況下進行溝通。故選C。【31題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：提前給對方一些警告通常是有幫助的，這樣他們就有時間在心理上做好準備。A.planning計劃、規(guī)劃；B.warning警告；C.training培訓、訓練；D.modelling建模、模仿。根據(jù)下文“sotheyhavetimetomentallyprepare”可推測，提前給對方一些警告可以讓他們有時間在心理上做好準備。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：不要對人們的動機做假設，而是詢問他們行動的原因。A.inquiries詢問、調(diào)查；B.confessions坦白、供認；C.assumptions假設；D.adjustments調(diào)整。根據(jù)下文“butaskthemthereasonsfortheiractions”可知，不要對人們的動機做假設，而是詢問他們行動的原因。故選C。【33題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：同時也問問是否存在一些導致他們犯錯的問題，而你可以幫忙解決。A.mixingwith與……混合；B.puttingoff推遲、拖延；C.settingout出發(fā)、開始；D.contributingto做貢獻、有助于，導致。根據(jù)空前的“problems”和空后的“theirmistakes”可知，空處指的是導致犯錯的問題。故選D?！?4題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：避免使用諸如“總是”和“從不”之類的一概而論的表述和概括。A.always總是；B.relatively相對地；C.perhaps或許；D.initially最初。根據(jù)上文“Avoidsweepingstatementsandgeneralizations”可知，要避免使用“總是”和“從不”這樣的籠統(tǒng)表述。故選A?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：通過以建設性的方式呈現(xiàn)真相并解決問題，你可以加強人際關(guān)系，并避免情感上的傷害。A.response回應；B.damage損害；C.support支持；D.experience經(jīng)歷、經(jīng)驗。根據(jù)上文“Thiscomparisonshowsthattruthcancausedamageifnothandledwell.”可知，通過建設性的方式呈現(xiàn)真相和解決問題，可以加強關(guān)系，避免情感上的傷害。故選B。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD．Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.（A）“______”,saysourmemoryexpert,JonathanHancock.There’salottocopewithwhenyougoofftouniversity,andtheacademicworkisjustthestart.Therearenewfriendstomeet,newopportunitiestochoosebetween,newresponsibilitiestoaccept...and,formoststudents,acompletelynewcitytoexplore.WerecentlydroveourdaughterEvie150milestostartlifeasafresher.Itwasastruggletofindthecarpark,letalonewanderthroughthewebofhallwaysthatledtoherroom.Beforeweleftthatevening,we’dtakenhertothelocalsupermarket,andweknewthatshehadflatmatesandphoneappstogetherorientated.Butthescaleofthechallengeaheadwasclear—tofindherwayinanunfamiliarworld.ThegoodnewsforEvie—andlearnerseverywhere—isthatexploringnewhabitatsishugelybeneficialformemory.Inarecentstudy,volunteerswalkedaroundanartificialforestenvironment.Thensomeofthemtookthesamewalkagain,whileothersexploredadifferentforest.Andthatsecondgroupperformedsignificantlybetterinmemorytestsstraightafter.Accordingtotheresearchers,thatwasbecauseexploringthenewenvironmentstimulatedtheirdopaminesystemsettinguptheirbrainsforlearning.Soleavinghometostudyforadegreemakesperfectsense.What’smore,youngmindsseemtogainmostfrombeinginstrangesurroundings.Butwemayallbeabletoenjoysomeofthebenefits,evenifit’sjustbystimulatingoursensesandchallengingourthinkingskills.Herearethreethingstotry:*Gosomewherenewtotackleanupcominglearningtask-likememorisingaspeechinthelibrary,orrevisingforanexamonaparkbench—andtakeanunfamiliarroutetogetthere.*Playvideogamesthatgetyoumovingthroughnewlandscapes.Thenseewhetheritimprovesyoursuccesswithotherlearningtasks,likepractisingadanceormasteringphrasesforaforeigntrip.*Getlostinyourimagination!Towarmyourselfupforlearning,pictureacityyouknowwell,butimagineyou’restrandedinapartofitthatyou’venevervisited.Thentrytovisualiseexactlyhowyou’llgetout.36.“______”inthefirstparagraphshouldbefilledwith______.A.You’llboostyourbrainpowerifyoubravetheunknownB.You’llunlockyouramazingmemorywiththerightvisualaidsC.YoushouldhaveaconsultationwithamemoryexpertD.Youcan’timproveyourmemorywithouttheexternalhelp37.Thewritersharesthedaughter’sstoryinthebeginningto______.A.putthereadersinthecenteroftheepisodeB.introducethetopicinanaccessiblewayC.explainthecomplexconceptthroughcomparisonD.remindpeoplewhytheygotouniversity38.Whatcanbeinferredabouttherecentstudy?A.Theresearcherswerenotsatisfiedwiththeexperimentresult.B.Thevolunteerswerechosenfortheirstrongmemory.C.Itspurposewastoprovethatleavinghometostudymakessense.D.Theconductedexperimentconfirmedthepreviousassumption.39.Whatdothethreerecommendedthingshaveincommon?A.Theystimulatethesensesthroughthevisualizationprocess.B.Theyrequireahighlevelofcriticalthinkingability.C.Theyinvolveventuringintounfamiliarplacesornewthings.D.Theyemphasizethecombinationoflearningwithrecreation.【答案】36.A37.B38.D39.C【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了探索未知環(huán)境能顯著提升腦力，新環(huán)境刺激多巴胺系統(tǒng)有助學習，建議通過不同路徑學習、玩探索類游戲、想象脫困新城市等方式鍛煉大腦。【36題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)空格后的“saysourmemoryexpert,JonathanHancock.(我們的記憶專家JonathanHancock說道。)”可知，此處為記憶專家所說的話，結(jié)合及第四段中的“ThegoodnewsforEvie—andlearnerseverywhere—isthatexploringnewhabitatsishugelybeneficialformemory.(對Evie——以及世界各地的學習者來說，好消息是，探索新環(huán)境對記憶能力有著巨大的益處。)”和第五段中的“Accordingtotheresearchers,thatwasbecauseexploringthenewenvironmentstimulatedtheirdopaminesystemsettinguptheirbrainsforlearning.(研究人員表示，這是因為探索新環(huán)境刺激了他們的多巴胺系統(tǒng)，從而為學習做好了大腦的準備。)”可知，探索未知環(huán)境可以提升記憶力和學習能力，由此可知，A選項“You’llboostyourbrainpowerifyoubravetheunknown(如果你勇敢面對未知，你會增強腦力)”與研究結(jié)果吻合，符合記憶專家所說的話，符合語境。故選A項?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“WerecentlydroveourdaughterEvie150milestostartlifeasafresher.Itwasastruggletofindthecarpark,letalonewanderthroughthewebofhallwaysthatledtoherroom.Beforeweleftthatevening,we’dtakenhertothelocalsupermarket,andweknewthatshehadflatmatesandphoneappstogetherorientated.Butthescaleofthechallengeaheadwasclear—tofindherwayinanunfamiliarworld.(最近，我們驅(qū)車150英里將女兒艾薇送到大學，開始她的新生生活。找到停車場已經(jīng)很困難了，更不用說穿過通向她房間的迷宮般的走廊。那天晚上我們離開前，帶她去了當?shù)氐某?，并且知道她有室友和手機應用程序來幫助她適應環(huán)境。但前方的挑戰(zhàn)顯而易見——她需要在一個陌生的世界中找到自己的方向。)”可知，作者分享女兒去陌生環(huán)境，開始她的新生活，她的前方會有很多的挑戰(zhàn)，需要在一個陌生的世界找到自己的方向，結(jié)合第四段中的“ThegoodnewsforEvie—andlearnerseverywhere—isthatexploringnewhabitatsishugelybeneficialformemory.(對Evie——以及世界各地的學習者來說，好消息是，探索新環(huán)境對記憶能力有著巨大的益處。)”可知，作者在開頭通過講述送女兒去大學的經(jīng)歷，引出了“探索新環(huán)境對記憶有益”的主題，這種方式通過一個貼近生活的例子讓讀者更容易理解主題。故選B項。【38題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Accordingtotheresearchers,thatwasbecauseexploringthenewenvironmentstimulatedtheirdopaminesystemsettinguptheirbrainsforlearning.(研究人員表示，這是因為探索新環(huán)境刺激了他們的多巴胺系統(tǒng)，從而為學習做好了大腦的準備。)”可知，實驗結(jié)果證實了研究人員的假設，即探索新環(huán)境能刺激多巴胺系統(tǒng)，從而促進學習和記憶。故選D項?！?9題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后推薦的三件要嘗試的事情“Gosomewherenewtotackleanupcominglearningtask-likememorisingaspeechinthelibrary,orrevisingforanexamonaparkbench—andtakeanunfamiliarroutetogetthere.(去一個陌生的地方完成即將進行的學習任務，比如在圖書館背誦演講稿，或在公園長椅上復習考試內(nèi)容，并選擇一條不熟悉的路線前往那里。)”、“Playvideogamesthatgetyoumovingthroughnewlandscapes.(玩一些讓你穿越新場景的視頻游戲。)”和“Getlostinyourimagination!(在想象中迷失自己！)”可知，這三件事情（去陌生地方完成學習任務、玩視頻游戲探索新場景、在想象中迷失于未知區(qū)域）都涉及探索未知或新事物的主題。故選C項。（B）HIGHLYCOMMENDEDCHARITYRSPCAEstablished,trustworthy,caring.FEMALE40-49,WA▂Admirewhattheydoforanimals.FEMALE,40-49,QLD▂Theyreallycareaboutanimals.MALE,60-69,WA▂I’mavolunteersoIseealltheirhardworkFEMALE,50-59.SA/NT▂TheRSPCAcaresforover87,000animalseveryyear（includingover18,000dogsand33,000cats）,andinvestigatesover58,000casesofanimalcruelty.Acrossthecountry,theRSPCAalsoeducatesthecommunityonanimalwelfareandresponsiblepetownership,andadvocatesforchangesinpolicyandpracticethatimprovethewelfareofanimals.“Everyday,we’reremindedjusthowcrucialthecommunity’strustisforourwork.Australianstrustustocareforanimals,toinvestigateanimalcrueltywhenitoccurs,toprovideadviceonhowtocareforourpets,andtopushforlawsandpracticesthatbetterprotectanimals.”“Andweknowthatwehavetoworktirelesslytomaintainthattrust-includingbyensuringthatouranimalcare,prevention,educationandadvocacyeffortsarefirmlybackedbyscienceandevidence,”saysRichardMussell,CEOofRSPCAAustralia.●Visit.auHIGHLYCOMMENDEDCHARITYGuideDogsIadmirewhatGuideDogsdoforthecommunity.FEMALE,60-69.QLD▂Theyofferanessentialservicefortheblindandvisionimpaired.FEMALE,40-49,QLD▂Transparentandhonest.MALE,70+,VIC/TAS▂Forover60years,GuideDogsAustraliahasbeentransformingthelivesofpeoplewithlowvisionorblindness.Toachievethis,trustmustbeattheheartofeverythingwedo;fromthetrustourclientsplaceinustoprovidethesupportandcaretheyneed,tothetrustbetweenaGuideDogHandlerandtheirGuideDog.Thistrustalsoextendstothecommunitywhosegenerosityandfaithintheworkwedoishelpingtotransformliveseveryday.Attheageoffive,Melainewasdiagnosedwithararegeneticdiseasethataffectsbothhearingandvision.Despiteherdiagnosis,Melainehadoverthreedecadesofprofessionalexperiencewithinareputableanimalwelfareorganization.Herdiverserolesincludedveterinarynurseandcommunityoutreachcoordinator.HerbelovedGuideDog,Dessau,hasgivenMelainebackherindependenceandtheirjourneyhasbeencharacterizedbyadaptabilityandadeterminationtobreakdownbarriers.FundingforGuideDogs,75percentofwhichcomesfromthecommunity,allowsthecharitytosupportclientslikeMelainetolivealifewithoutlimits.●Visit.au40.SupposeyouareconductingaresearchprojectontheRSPCAandyouplantointerviewRichardMussell,theCEOofRSPCAAustralia.Youhavepreparedthefollowinglistofquestions.WhichofthefollowingshouldbeaddedtothelisttogainacomprehensiveunderstandingoftheRSPCA’sapproach?Interviewquestions:1．WhatroledoescommunityeducationplayintheRSPCA’soverallmission?2．HowdoestheRSPCAbalancebetweenanimalcareandpolicyadvocacy?3．…A.HowdoestheRSPCAdecidewhichapplicantgetsthepetfirst?B.HowdoestheRSPCAensurethatitsstaffaretrainedincustomerservice?C.HowcantheRSPCAensurethattheadvocatedpoliciesarejustified?D.HowdoestheRSPCAassignthebudgetforstaffmedicalcare?41.WhatcanbelearnedaboutGuideDogsAustraliafromthepassage?A.Ittrainsdogstosupportpeoplewithhearingandvisionloss.B.Itprovidesindependencetopeoplewithlowvisionorblindness.C.Itsoperationsaremainlyfundedbythegovernment.D.Itscommunityoutreachprogramsranktopnationwide.42.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesacommonfactorbetweentheRSPCAandGuideDogsAustraliathatsupportstheirsuccess?A.Bothorganizationsservetoprovidesupporttothedisabled.B.Bothorganizationsfocusprimarilyonthewelfareofanimals.C.Bothorganizationsrelyonscientificevidencetoguidetheirpractices.D.Bothorganizationsvaluetrustasakeypartintheiroperations.【答案】40.C41.B42.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了兩個備受贊譽的慈善機構(gòu)——RSPCA和GuideDogs，包括它們的工作內(nèi)容、成就、社會影響以及公眾對它們的評價?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容“Acrossthecountry,theRSPCAalsoeducatesthecommunityonanimalwelfareandresponsiblepetownership,andadvocatesforchangesinpolicyandpracticethatimprovethewelfareofanimals.“Everyday,we’reremindedjusthowcrucialthecommunity’strustisforourwork.Australianstrustustocareforanimals,toinvestigateanimalcrueltywhenitoccurs,toprovideadviceonhowtocareforourpets,andtopushforlawsandpracticesthatbetterprotectanimals.”(在全國范圍內(nèi)，皇家防止虐待動物協(xié)會還向社區(qū)宣傳動物福利以及負責任的寵物飼養(yǎng)理念，并倡導政策和實踐方面的變革，以改善動物的福利狀況?！懊恳惶?，我們都深刻意識到，社區(qū)的信任對于我們的工作是何等關(guān)鍵。澳大利亞民眾信任我們能夠照顧好動物，在虐待動物事件發(fā)生時進行調(diào)查，就如何照顧寵物提供建議，以及推動制定更好地保護動物的法律和實踐措施?！?”可知，RSPCA的工作包括倡導政策變革以改善動物福利，了解選項C“HowcantheRSPCAensurethattheadvocatedpoliciesarejustified?(RSPCA如何確保所倡導的政策合理)”，能深入了解其在政策倡導方面的具體做法和考量，與已有的問題2“如何平衡動物護理和政策倡導”相呼應，有助于全面了解RSPCA在實現(xiàn)使命過程中政策方面的舉措，可加入列表。故選C?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章“Forover60years,GuideDogsAustraliahasbeentransformingthelivesofpeoplewithlowvisionorblindness.Toachievethis,trustmustbeattheheartofeverythingwedo;fromthetrustourclientsplaceinustoprovidethesupportandcaretheyneed,tothetrustbetweenaGuideDogHandlerandtheirGuideDog.(60多年來，澳大利亞導盲犬協(xié)會一直在改變視力低下或失明人士的生活。為實現(xiàn)這一目標，信任必須成為我們一切工作的核心——從我們的客戶對我們提供所需支持和照顧的信任，到導盲犬訓練員與他們的導盲犬之間的信任。)”以及“HerbelovedGuideDog,Dessau,hasgivenMelainebackherindependenceandtheirjourneyhasbeencharacterizedbyadaptabilityandadeterminationtobreakdownbarriers.(她心愛的導盲犬Dessau讓Melaine重新獲得了獨立，她們的旅程充滿了適應性和打破障礙的決心。)”可知，澳大利亞導盲犬協(xié)會通過導盲犬讓視力低下或失明的人重獲獨立。故選B?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。對于RSPCA，文中提到““Andweknowthatwehavetoworktirelesslytomaintainthattrust-includingbyensuringthatouranimalcare,prevention,educationandadvocacyeffortsarefirmlybackedbyscienceandevidence,”saysRichardMussell,CEOofRSPCAAustralia.(“我們明白，我們必須不懈努力來維護這種信任——包括確保我們在動物照料、預防、教育和倡導方面的工作得到科學和證據(jù)的有力支持。”澳大利亞皇家防止虐待動物協(xié)會首席執(zhí)行官RichardMussell表示。)”，強調(diào)了社區(qū)信任對其工作的重要性以及要努力維持信任。而對于GuideDogsAustralia，文中提到“Toachievethis,trustmustbeattheheartofeverythingwedo;fromthetrustourclientsplaceinustoprovidethesupportandcaretheyneed,tothetrustbetweenaGuideDogHandlerandtheirGuideDog.Thistrustalsoextendstothecommunitywhosegenerosityandfaithintheworkwedoishelpingtotransformliveseveryday.(為實現(xiàn)這一目標，信任必須成為我們一切工作的核心——從我們的客戶對我們提供所需支持和照顧的信任，到導盲犬訓練員與他們的導盲犬之間的信任。這種信任還延伸到社區(qū)，社區(qū)對我們工作的慷慨支持和堅定信念，每天都在助力改變?nèi)藗兊纳睢?”則指出信任是其一切工作的核心。所以兩個組織都將信任視為其運作中的關(guān)鍵部分。故選D。（C）Onfarmsalloverthecountry,eventhemosttraditionalones,thoughtisbeinggiventothepossibilitiesofAI.Forthemoment,artificialintelligenceisn’tmakingmuchofanimpactonthedailylivesofmostBritishfarmers.ButthewayAIcantransformagricultureinthenearfutureisverymucharealityinunive