中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法備考秘籍-特殊句式講解

中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法備考秘籍--特殊句式講解特殊句式---感嘆句知識(shí)梳理：提綱挈領(lǐng)，抓住重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)！感嘆句是表達(dá)喜、怒、哀、樂(lè)以及驚奇、驚訝等強(qiáng)烈感情的句子。感嘆句通常由what或how引導(dǎo)。"what"和"how"與所修飾的詞置于句首，其它部分用陳述句語(yǔ)序。一、由"what"引導(dǎo)的感嘆句："what"意為"多么"用作定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞（被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分），單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前要加不定冠詞a/an,復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞前不用冠詞。如：①Whataclevergirlsheis!多么聰明的姑娘呀！=Whataclevergirl!

②Whataninterestingstoryitis!多么有趣的故事呀！=Whataninterestingstory!

③Whatgoodchildrentheyare!他們是多么好的孩子呀！=Whatgoodchildren!

④Whatbeautifulflowerstheyare!多么漂亮的花呀！=Whatbeautifulflowers!

⑤Whatdeliciousfooditis!多么有味的食物呀！=Whatdeliciousfood!

⑥Whatheavysnowitis!多么大的雪呀！=Whatheavysnow!

二、由"how"引導(dǎo)的感嘆句："how"意為"多么"，用作狀語(yǔ)，修飾形容詞、副詞或動(dòng)詞（被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分）。如果修飾形容詞，則句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用系動(dòng)詞；如果how修飾副詞，則句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用行為動(dòng)詞，如：①Howcolditistoday!今天多么冷呀！

②Hownicethepicturesare!多么漂亮的圖畫呀！

③Howhappytheylook!他們顯得多么高興呀！

④Howwellshesings!她唱得多好呀！

⑤Howhardtheyareworkingnow!他們干得多么起勁呀！

三、在表示同一意義時(shí)，英語(yǔ)感嘆既可用"what"引導(dǎo)，也可用"how"引導(dǎo)。如：①Whatahotdayitis!=Whatahotday！=Howhotthedayis!

②Whattallbuildingstheyare!=Whattallbuildings！=Howtallthebuildingsare!

③Whatbadweatheritis!=Whatbadweather！=Howbadtheweatheris!④Whatbrightsunshineitis!=Whatbrightsunshine！=Howbrightthesunshineis!【知識(shí)清單】特殊句式---特殊疑問(wèn)句一、特殊疑問(wèn)句和選擇疑問(wèn)句1.特殊疑問(wèn)句用特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句叫特殊疑問(wèn)句。回答時(shí)不能使用yes或no。特殊疑問(wèn)詞包括疑問(wèn)代詞、疑問(wèn)副詞和疑問(wèn)詞組。what疑問(wèn)詞小結(jié)：whatwhatclass哪個(gè)班whatgrade哪個(gè)年級(jí)whatday星期幾whattime幾點(diǎn)whatcolor什么顏色whatlanguage什么語(yǔ)言how疑問(wèn)詞小結(jié)：how怎樣howlong多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間（提問(wèn)時(shí)間段）howoften多久一次（對(duì)頻率提問(wèn)）howsoon多久以后（對(duì)in短語(yǔ)提問(wèn)）howmany多少（提問(wèn)可數(shù)名詞數(shù)量）howmuch多少（提問(wèn)不可數(shù)名詞數(shù)量，也可提問(wèn)價(jià)格）howfar多遠(yuǎn)（提問(wèn)距離）howheavy多重howwide多寬howtall/high多高h(yuǎn)owold多大（提問(wèn)年齡）(3)其他以“w”開(kāi)頭的疑問(wèn)詞小結(jié)：when什么時(shí)候；where哪里；which哪一個(gè)；who誰(shuí)whose誰(shuí)的；why為什么選擇疑問(wèn)句提出兩種或兩種以上的情況，要求對(duì)方選擇一種情況回答的問(wèn)句叫選擇疑問(wèn)句。選擇疑問(wèn)句中的兩種或種以上的情況用or連接，回答時(shí)不能使用yes或no,而要用一個(gè)完整的句子或其省略形式。選擇疑問(wèn)句可以分為一般選擇疑問(wèn)句和特殊選擇疑問(wèn)句兩種。(1)一般選擇疑問(wèn)句：一般疑問(wèn)句+or+被選擇音分？如：-Doyoulikeapplesorpears?你喜歡蘋果還是梨？-Ilikepears.我喜歡梨。(2)特殊選擇疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)句，AorB?如：-Whichwouldyoulikebetter,teaorcoffee?-Ilikecoffeebetter.——你比較喜歡哪種，茶還是咖啡？——我更喜歡咖啡。特殊句式--反意疑問(wèn)句反意疑問(wèn)句是附在陳述句之后，對(duì)陳述句所說(shuō)的事實(shí)或觀點(diǎn)提出疑問(wèn)的句子。反意疑問(wèn)部分要與前面的陳述部分用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，句末用問(wèn)號(hào)。如果陳述部分是肯定結(jié)構(gòu)，反意疑問(wèn)部分就用否定結(jié)構(gòu)，反之亦然。此問(wèn)句可用yes或no來(lái)回答。反意疑問(wèn)部分的主語(yǔ)要用代詞，并與陳述部分主語(yǔ)一致，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)上也要與陳述部分一致。注意一、反義疑問(wèn)句是疑問(wèn)句的一種，它對(duì)陳述部分的事實(shí)提出相反的疑問(wèn)，形式上是一個(gè)省略問(wèn)句，附加在陳述句后，即：陳述句+逗號(hào)+省略問(wèn)句+問(wèn)號(hào)YouarefromAmerica,aren’tyou?注意二、遵循前否定后肯定或前肯定后否定的原則Jimisn’tinClassFour,ishe?注意三、附加疑問(wèn)句必須前后兩句主語(yǔ)相同MrZhanghasbeenhereforfouryears,hasn’the?注意四、附加疑問(wèn)句部分與主語(yǔ)不一致的若干情況如下（需牢記）1．this或that改it，無(wú)論是否指人Thisisyourbrother,isn’tit?2.these或those改theyThosearebooks,aren’tthey?3.不定代詞one改one或heOnecan’tbealwaysyoung,can/he?4.something、anything、everything和nothing改itNothingisserious,isit?(注意為什么后面用isit而不是isn’tit?)Everythingseemsallright,doesn’tit?5.everybody、everyone、somebody、someone、anybody、anyone、nobody改they或he（任選，但選定后注意單復(fù)數(shù)形式）Everyoneknowsthis,don’tthey/doesn’the?Nobodylikestolosemoney,doeshe?6.eachof改he或theyEachoftheboyshadanapple,didn’the/they?7.noone,none,neither,either改they或heNoonecame,didthey?8.someof…、noneof…改it、they或you（聯(lián)系上下文或句子）Noneofthefoodwasdelicious,wasit?Someofthedustmenhavecomeback,haven’tthey?9.由neither…nor…、notonly…butalso、both…and…、either…or…、not…but…、…or…、…and…等連接的并列主語(yǔ)，改復(fù)數(shù)代詞NeitheryounorIamwrong,arewe?BothTomandJackcame,didn’tthey?10.由動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞、從句或詞組構(gòu)成的主語(yǔ)，改itTolearnEnglishwellisn’teasy,isit?Swimmingisgreatfun,isn’tit?11.the+形容詞表示一類人，改復(fù)數(shù)代詞Thepoorhadnoright(權(quán)力)tospeakatthetime,didthey?12.there引起的句子（Therebe句型等），仍用thereTherestandsahouseandalotoftrees,doesn’tthere?Therearemanychildreninthepark,aren’tthere?注意五、附加疑問(wèn)句部分與謂語(yǔ)不一致的若干情況如下（需牢記）(初中階段14點(diǎn)18點(diǎn)和19點(diǎn)可以常識(shí)性了解)1.have(有)改have或doMaryhastwobrothers,doesn’tshe/hasn’tshe?2.have(有)必須與陳述部分一致Hehasn’talotoftime,hashe?MissGreendoesn’thaveanymoneyinherpocket,doesshe?3.have不做“有”解釋，必須用doTheyallhaveagoodtime,don’tthey?4.haveto用do或haveWehavetogetupearly,don’twe/haven’twe?5.havegotto用haveWehavegottoanswerallthequestions,haven’twe?6.hadbetter用should或hadWehadbettergorightnow,shouldn’twe/hadn’twe?7.can’t（不可能，表示推測(cè)）根據(jù)can’t或的動(dòng)詞選擇相應(yīng)的形式Hecan’tbeadoctor,ishe?Theworkerscan’thavefinishedtheirwork,havethey?8.may用may+主語(yǔ)+not（英語(yǔ)中不用mayn’t）Theymaybeherenextweek,maytheynot?9.must(必須)用needn’tYoumustdoittoday,needn’tyou?10.must(應(yīng)該)用mustn’tImuststudyhard,mustn’tI?11.mustn’t用must或mayYoumustn’ttalklikethat,mustyou?Wemustn’tstayhereanylonger,mustwe?12.“mustbe”對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況進(jìn)行推測(cè)作一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的附加疑問(wèn)句進(jìn)行處理2反義疑問(wèn)句Hemustbehappy,isn’the?Hemustbeworkinghardattheoffice,isn’the?must表示推測(cè)時(shí)，也有用mustn’t的Hemusthavebeenworkingveryhard,mustn’the?YoumusthavetoldMrWangthesecret,mustn’tyou?13.“must+完成時(shí)”表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的推測(cè)，作一般過(guò)去時(shí)附加疑問(wèn)句處理Hemusthavecomeyesterday,didn’the?Youmusthaveseentheplaylastweek,didn’tyou?14.“must+完成時(shí)”用來(lái)推測(cè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在按現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的附加疑問(wèn)句來(lái)處理YoumusthavestudiedEnglishforyears,haven’tyou?Hemusthavelivedhereforatleasttenyears,hasn’the?14.實(shí)義動(dòng)詞need和dear用doHeneedshelp,doesn’the?Ihaveneverdaredtoaskhim,haveI?15.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞need和dear用need和dearHedarenotsayso,darehe?Weneednotdoitagain,needwe?16.needn’t用need或mustYouneedn’tgoyet,needyou?Heneedn’tdothat,musthe?17.“wouldrather+動(dòng)詞原形”和“wouldliketo+動(dòng)詞原形”用wouldn’tHewouldratherreadthetexttentimesthanreciteit,wouldn’the?You’dliketohavesomebananas,wouldn’tyou?18.“oughtto+動(dòng)詞原形”用oughtn’t或shouldn’tThechildoughttobepunished,oughtn’the?Weoughttogothere,shouldn’twe?19.“usedto+動(dòng)詞原形”用“didn’t+主語(yǔ)”或“usedn’t+主語(yǔ)”或“used+主語(yǔ)+not”HeusedtoliveinLondon,usedn’the/didn’the?Heusedtoplayfootballwhenhewasachild,usedhenot?注意六、句子中有seldom,hardly,no,not,never,few,little,nothing,nobody,nowhere等是否定句,附加疑問(wèn)部分必須采用肯定形式NobodyphonedwhileIwasout,didthey?Heishardlyabletoswim,ishe?Thereislittleinkinyourpen,isthere?noone,nobody,none,nothing,neither等作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí),附加疑問(wèn)部分一般采用肯定形式(也偶爾用否定形式)Hehasnothingtosay,does(n’t)he?Yougotnothingfromhim,did(n’t)you?注意七、一些特殊句型的附加疑問(wèn)句1.Iam…改aren’tIIamyourfriend,aren’tI?2.Iwishtodosth或IwishI…改mayIIwishtogohome,mayI?IwishIwereyou,mayI?3.主從復(fù)合句,與主句的主謂語(yǔ)保持一致HesaysthatIdidit,doesn’the?Davidwouldn’tgothereifitrained,wouldhe?4.并列句,與鄰近的分句保持一致Maryisanicegirl,butshehadoneshort-coming,hadn’tshe?5.表示邀請(qǐng),請(qǐng)求的祈使句,附加疑問(wèn)部分用willyou或won’tyou或wouldyou等,一般只要記住willyou就可以了,不遵循前否定后肯定或前肯定后否定的原則Comehere,willyou?Turnoffthelight,willyou?Dositdown,willyou?6.表示告訴別人做某事的祈使句，用willyou、canyou、wouldyou或can’tyou、won’tyouStoptalking,canyou?Writedownthenewwords,willyou/won’tyou?7.否定的祈使句用willyou或canyouDon’tmakeanoise,will/canyou?8.Letme…用willyou或mayILetmehelpyou,mayI?Letmedoit,willyou?9.Let’s…表示建議包括聽(tīng)話人在內(nèi)，用shallweLet’sgoforawalk,shallwe?10.letus…表示允許，不包括聽(tīng)話人在內(nèi)，用willyouLetusdoitbyourselves,willyou?11.Let接第三人稱賓語(yǔ)時(shí)用willyouLethimcomein,willyou?12.Let’snot…用OK或allrightLet’snotgototheparty,OK/allright?13.感嘆句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)be的形式（故事中用一般過(guò)去時(shí)be的形式）Whatfineweather,isn’tit?Howclevertheboyis,isn’the?特殊句式---祈使句祈使句的肯定句式一般分為以下三種類型：1.行為動(dòng)詞原形＋其它成分。例如：Makesentencesafterthemodel.根據(jù)例句造句。2.Be動(dòng)詞＋其它成分(形容詞、名詞或介詞短語(yǔ)等)。例如：Becarefulwhencrossingthestreet.過(guò)馬路時(shí)要小心。3.Let＋賓語(yǔ)＋動(dòng)詞原形＋其它成分。例如：Lethimgobacknow.讓他現(xiàn)在回去吧祈