湖北省部分省級示范高中2024～2025學年高一下學期期中測試英語試題（解析版）

湖北省部分省級示范高中2024~2025學年下學期期中測試高一英語試卷1．答題前，先將自己的姓名、準考證號填寫在試卷和答題卡上，并2．選擇題的作答：每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上在試卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無效。3．非選擇題的作答：用黑色簽字筆直接答在答題卡上對應的答題區(qū)域內。寫在試卷、草稿紙第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時，先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內容結束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉涂例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Onaplayground.B.Atanoffice.C.Inahospital.2.WhatdoesthewomansayaboutCultureExpress?A.Itisfunny.B.Itisherfavorite.C.Sheoftenmissesit.3.Whatdoesthewomanimply?A.Alicedoesn’tstudyveryhard.B.Aliceoftengetsthebestgrade.C.Aliceoftensurpriseseveryone.第1頁/共26頁第2頁/共26頁4.Howhighdotheceilingstodayusuallymeasure?A.2.3meters.B.2.7meters.C.3.0meters.5.Whatdoesthemanmean?A.HecanmakeitonSaturday.C.Moviesarenothiscupoftea.B.Therearemusiclessonsfortheevening.選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘，聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。6.WhatdidthemandolastSaturday?A.Studiedalot.B.Joinedaclub.C.Campedout.7.Whydopeoplejoin“FlashPlay”?A.Toexperienceacrisis.B.Tomakefriends.C.Toearnmoney.8.Whydoesthemanfeelsurprised?A.Thewomandisagreeswithhim.B.Thewomanhasfoundanewjob.C.Thewomandoesn’tfeellikeleaving.9.Whatdoesthewomansayaboutherdepartment?A.There’stoomuchpressure.B.Peopledon’ttrusteachother.C.Thereareseriousproblems.10.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Bossandsecretary.B.Employerandjobapplicant.C.Jobhunterandjobagent.11.Whatisgreatlyvaluedinthecompany?A.Employees’qualities.第3頁/共26頁B.Employees’appearance.C.Employees’physicalcondition.12.Whatdoesthemancareaboutthejob?A.Whetherhehastoworkontime.B.Whetherhehastoworkonweekends.C.Whetherhecangetmedicalinsurance.13.WhatdoweknowaboutGlobeInsurance?A.Itdoesn’tlistentoemployees’concerns.B.Itoftenasksthestafftoworkonweekends.C.Itsnewemployeesneedamedicalexamination.14.Whatisthewomanworriedabout?A.Howtolivetheuniversitylife.B.Howtogettothestudents’union.C.Howtofindamapoftheuniversity.15.Howlongarethecomputerroomsopenonweekdays?A.8hours.B.9hours.C.11hours.16.Whereisthestudents’union?A.BesidetheLabB.B.OppositetheChemistrylabs.C.OntherightoftheScienceBlocks.17.Whatdoesthemanaskthewomantodo?A.Getfamiliarwiththeuniversity.B.HaveanappointmentwithhimonThursday.C.Writehertelephonenumberdownontheform.18.Howmanypeoplewerebadlyinjuredinthestorm?A.Seven.B.Nine.C.Ten.19.Whatdoweknowaboutthefarmer?A.Hiswifewasmissing.第4頁/共26頁B.Hishousewasdestroyed.C.Oneofhischildrenwaskilled.20.Whatdidthewomandowhenshesawherhouseshaking?A.Shetriedtotakesomethingout.B.Sherushedoutwithherchildren.C.Shetoldherhusbandnottoleave.AThefallto-dolistislong:Thereareapplestobepicked,beerstosip,electionstovotein,andofcourse—somanynewbookstoread!Wesortedthroughthecurrentandupcomingreleasestofind4titlesyoushouldwatchoutforthisfall.Divein!LovelyOne:AMemoirbyKetanjiBrownJackson(Sept.3)America’sfirstBlackfemaleSupremeCourtjusticewritesamemoirdetailingherearlychildhood,andthehurdlesshefacedcomingupinthelegalworld.(Price:$35)Reagan:HisLifeandLegendbyMaxBoot(Sept.10)Forthepersoninyourlifeobsessedwithpresidentialbiographies,Boot’snewestbookisadeeplyreportedlookintothelifeofRonaldReagan.Coveringhischildhood,hisHollywoodyearsand,ofcourse,hispresidency,Bootportraysamanthatissomehowbothmoreideologicalandmorepracticalthanwemightthink.(Price:$45)GuideMeHomebyAtticaLocke(Sept.3)DarrenMatthewsisadetectivepulledoutofretirementforonelastcase.Thistimeit’sthecaseofaBlackcollegestudentmissingfromanallwhitegirls’club.Lockeisalongtimehandatwritingcrimenovels,andthisistheconclusionofherHighway59trilogy(三部曲).(Price:$20)ASunnyPlaceforShadyPeoplebyMarianaEnriquez,translatedbyMeganMcDowell(Sept.17)EnriquezhasmadeanameforherselfblendingsupernaturalhorrorswiththeconcretehorrorsofeverydaylifeinArgentina.Herlastnovelwasnearly600,butthisnewestoneisacollectionofshorts—likeapillowcasefulloftrick-or-treatcandies.(Price:$30)*Purchaseall4booksandenjoya10%discountonthetotalprice.*A$10deliveryfeewillapply.1.WhatdoLovelyOne:AMemoirandReagan:HisLifeandLegendhaveincommon?第5頁/共26頁A.Botharesetinthepoliticalworld.B.BothdescribethepresidencyintheUSA.C.Bothviewthemaincharactersfromthesameperspective.D.Botharegroundedinthecentralfigures’real-lifeexperiences.2.WhatdoweknowaboutAtticaLocke?A.ShefinishedreleasingherHighway59trilogy.B.Shewrotea600storyinthenewestpublication.C.Shewascalledbacktohandleafinalcaseafterretiring.D.Sheintegratedthesupernaturalwithhorrorsindailylife.3.Howmuchwillyoubechargedifyouwanttohaveallthe4booksdeliveredtoyou?A.$130B.$127C.$117D.$107【答案】1.D2.A3.B【解析】【導語】本文是一篇應用文。主要是向讀者介紹四本即將在秋季出版的書籍，包括每本書的作者、出版日期以及簡要的內容概述。【1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)LovelyOne:AMemoirbyKetanjiBrownJackson(Sept.3)部分的“America’sfirstBlackfemaleSupremeCourtjusticewritesamemoirdetailingherearlychildhood,andthehurdlesshefacedcomingupinthelegalworld.(美國首位黑人女性最高法院大法官撰寫了一本回憶錄，詳細講述了她的童年早期，以及她在法律界成長過程中所面臨的障礙)”以及Reagan:HisLifeandLegendbyMaxBoot(Sept.10)部分的“Forthepersoninyourlifeobsessedwithpresidentialbiographies,Boot’snewestbookisadeeplyreportedlookintothelifeofRonaldReagan.Coveringhischildhood,hisHollywoodyearsand,ofcourse,hispresidency,Bootportraysamanthatissomehowbothmoreideologicalandmorepracticalthanwemightthink.(對于你生活中癡迷于總統(tǒng)傳記的人來說，布特的這本新書深入報道了羅納德·里根的一生。涵蓋了他的童年、他在好萊塢的歲月，當然還有他的總統(tǒng)任期，布特描繪了一個在某種程度上比我們想象的更具思想性和更務實的人)”可知，《可愛的一個：凱坦吉·布朗·杰克遜回憶錄》是凱坦吉·布朗·杰克遜對自己人生經(jīng)歷的回憶，《里根：他的人生與傳奇》是對羅納德·里根人生經(jīng)歷的描述，兩本書都基于中心人物的真實生活經(jīng)歷。故選D?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)GuideMeHomebyAtticaLocke(Sept.3)部分的“DarrenMatthewsisadetectivepulledout第6頁/共26頁ofretirementforonelastcase.Thistimeit’sthecaseofaBlackcollegestudentmissingfromanallwhitegirls’club.Lockeisalongtimehandatwritingcrimenovels,andthisistheconclusionofherHighway59trilogy(三部曲).(達倫·馬修斯是一名偵探，他在退休后被召回處理最后一個案件。這次是一名黑人大學生在一個全是白人女孩的俱樂部失蹤的案件。洛克是寫犯罪小說的老手，這是她的59號公路三部曲的結局)”可知，阿提卡·洛克完成并出版了她的59號公路三部曲。故選A?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)LovelyOne:AMemoirbyKetanjiBrownJackson(Sept.3)部分的“Price:$35(價格：35美元)”、Reagan:HisLifeandLegendbyMaxBoot(Sept.10)部分的“Price:$45(價格：45美元)”、GuideMeHomebyAtticaLocke(Sept.3)部分的“Price:$20(價格：20美元)”以及ASunnyPlaceforShadyPeople部分中的“Price:$30(價格：30美元)”可知，四本書總價為35+45+20+30=130美元，結合下文的“Purchaseall4booksandenjoya10%discountonthetotalprice.(購買這4本書可享受總價10%的折扣)”可知，打折后的價格為130×(1?10%)=117美元；再根據(jù)下文“A$10deliveryfeewillapply.(將收取10美元的送貨費)”可知，如果要將這4本書送貨上門，需要支付117+10=127美元。故選B。BJasonAllenwasalmosttoonervoustoenterhisfirstartcompetition.Now,hisaward-winningimagehascausedcontroversy(爭議).InAugust,Allen,agamedesignerfromPuebloWest,wonfirstplaceintheColoradoStateFairFineArtsCompetition.HiswinningimagewasmadewithMidjourney—anartificialsystemthatcanproducedetailedimageswhenfedwrittenprompts(提示符).Allen’swinningimageisoneofthreesuchimagesheenteredinthecompetition.ThedefinitionforthecategoryinwhichAllencompetedstatesthatdigitalartreferstoworksthatusedigitaltechnologyaspartofthecreativeorpresentationprocess.AllenusedMidjourneytocreatehisimage.MidjourneyisoneofagrowingnumberofAIimagegenerators.OthersincludeGoogleResearch’sImagenandOpenAI’sDALL-E2.AnyonecanuseMidjourney,whileDALL-E2requiresaninvitation,andImagenhasnotbeenopeneduptousersoutsideGoogle.WhetherthesetoolscantrulymakeartorassisthumansinmakingartcameintosharpfocusnotlongafterAllen’swin.SomeartistswereangeredbyhiswinbecauseofhisuseofAItocreatetheimage.“Thisisreallybadfortheexactsamereasonwedon’tletrobotsparticipateintheOlympics.”oneartistwrote.CalDuran,whowasoneofthejudgesforthecompetition,saidthatwhileAllen’spieceincludedamentionofMidjourney,hedidn’trealizethatitwasgeneratedbyAIwhenjudgingit.Still,hestucktohisdecisiontoawardit第7頁/共26頁firstplaceinitscategory,callingitabeautifulpiece.“There’salotinvolvedinthispieceandIthinkAItechnologymaygivemoreopportunitiestopeoplewhomaynotfindthemselvesartistsintheconventionalway.”hesaid.Allenwon’tyetsaywhatthetextpromptwasbehindhiswinningimage—he’splanningtokeepitasecretuntilhepublishesalargerrelatedworkthathehopeswillbefinishedlaterthisyear.4.WhatledtothecriticismofJasonAllen’saward-winningcreation?A.Hekepthistextpromptsasecret.B.Heenteredthecompetitionwiththreeimages.C.Digitaltechnologyisnotallowedinthecompetition.D.Midjourney’sAI-generatedimageearnedhimtheaward.5.Whichofthefollowingismostaccessibletocommonuserstocreateimages?A.Imagen.B.Google.C.DALL-E2.D.Midjourney.6.WhydidoneartistmentionrobotsandOlympics?A.ToopposethatrobotsparticipateintheOlympics.B.Toarguethatartcompetitionsshouldremainspecifictohumans.C.ToprovethatneitherOlympicsnorartcanbereplacedbymachines.D.ToproposethatartcompetitionsshouldbanAIbecauseitlackshumancreativity.7.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A.CalregrettedawardingAllen’spiecefirstplace.B.CalisnegativeabouttheuseofAIinart-making.C.CalunknowinglygavefirstplacetoanAI-generatedwork.D.Allen’sentrydidn’tacknowledgetheuseofAIinhiscreation.【答案】4.D5.D6.B7.C【解析】【導語】這是一篇議論文。本文主要講述了杰森·艾倫（JasonAllen）使用人工智能（AI）圖像生成器Midjourney創(chuàng)作的藝術作品在比賽中獲獎后所引發(fā)的爭議?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“InAugust,Allen,agamedesignerfromPuebloWest,wonfirstplaceintheColoradoStateFairFineArtsCompetition.HiswinningimagewasmadewithMidjourney—anartificialsystemthatcanproducedetailedimageswhenfedwrittenprompts(提示符).(8月，來自普韋布洛韋斯特的游戲設計師艾倫在科羅拉多州博覽會美術比賽中獲得一等獎。他的獲獎作品是用Midjourney制作的，Midjourney是一個人工系第8頁/共26頁統(tǒng)，當輸入書面提示時，它可以產(chǎn)生詳細的圖像)”和第五段“SomeartistswereangeredbyhiswinbecauseofhisuseofAItocreatetheimage.(一些藝術家對他的獲獎感到憤怒，因為他使用了人工智能來創(chuàng)作這幅畫)”可知，艾倫使用Midjourney這一AI圖像生成器創(chuàng)作的圖像贏得了獎項，這引起了其他藝術家的批評。故選D?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“AnyonecanuseMidjourney,whileDALL-E2requiresaninvitation,andImagenhasnotbeenopeneduptousersoutsideGoogle.(任何人都可以使用Midjourney，而DALL-E2需要邀請，Imagen還沒有向谷歌以外的用戶開放)”可知，Midjourney是普通用戶最容易使用的圖像生成器，因為任何人都可以使用它。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“SomeartistswereangeredbyhiswinbecauseofhisuseofAItocreatetheimage.“Thisisreallybadfortheexactsamereasonwedon’tletrobotsparticipateintheOlympics.”oneartistwrote.(一些藝術家對他的獲獎感到憤怒，因為他使用了人工智能來創(chuàng)作這幅畫。一位藝術家寫道：“這真的很糟糕，原因和我們不讓機器人參加奧運會完全一樣。”)”可知，一位藝術家提到機器人不能參加奧運會從而類比說明藝術比賽應該專屬于人類，不應讓AI參與。故選B。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段“CalDuran,whowasoneofthejudgesforthecompetition,saidthatwhileAllen’spieceincludedamentionofMidjourney,hedidn’trealizethatitwasgeneratedbyAIwhenjudgingit.Still,hestucktohisdecisiontoawarditfirstplaceinitscategory,callingitabeautifulpiece.(卡爾·杜蘭是這場比賽的評委之一，他說雖然艾倫的作品中提到了Midjourney，但他在評判時并沒有意識到這是由人工智能生成的。不過，他堅持自己的決定，將這幅作品評為該類別的第一名，稱它是一件美麗的作品)”可知，卡爾·杜蘭在評判時并未意識到這幅作品是由AI生成的。由此推知，卡爾·杜蘭是無意中將第一名授予了一件由AI生成的作品。故選C。CThenegativenatureofpeerpressure(同伴壓力)isoftenpresentedwithoutquestion.Theundesirableeffectofpeerpressurecannotbedenied,butisitalsopossiblethatpeerpressuremightnotentirelydeserveitsbadreputation?Couldpeerpressurealsohavepositiveeffectsonthepersonaldevelopmentandbehaviorofyoungpeople?Alookatthescientificliteraturerevealsexactlythatpeerpressureisnotalwaysaforceforthedarkside.Manystudiessuggestthatpeerpressureandthedesiretoconform(順從)aresimplyapartofbeinghuman.Humans,afterall,arehighlysocialbeings.Ifhumansarehard-wiredtorespondtopeerpressure,thenitmakes第9頁/共26頁sensetoexaminehowitcanbeusedtochangebehaviorinapositiveway.Imagineasituation:studentXhasalwaysenjoyedplayingtheguitarbutislazyandunmotivated.Althoughinitiallyunwilling,sheispersuadedtojoinaschoolband.Thegroupofstudentsispreparingforaperformanceandtheexistingmembersareenthusiastic,focusedandhardworking.Gradually,studentXiscaughtupinthespiritofthebandandbeforelongsheiswillinglymakingthesamecommitmentoftimeandeffortsotheycanachieveacommongoal.Sohowdoesitwork?Peerpressure—bothpositiveandnegative—followsarecognizablepsychologicalprocess.IfstudentXdoesnotconformtotheestablishedcultureoftheband,sherisksrejection.Todispeltension,studentXchangesherhabitsandincreasestheamountoftimeandenergyshedevotestopractice.Somepsychologistsdescribethistransitionofpersonalgoalsorstandardstoachieveharmonyaspartofan“identityshift”.Thekeytounderstandingtheconceptofpeerpressureanditspoweroverhumansistocloselyexaminethemechanism,ratherthanfocusonitsnegativeaspects.Providingaone-dimensionalviewoftheconceptencouragesthebias(偏見)thatpeerpressureisastrictlyundesirablefeatureofhumansociety.Instead,weshouldbeexploringwaystouseitspowerforgood.8.Howdoestheauthorillustratetheconstructiveapplicationofpeerpressure?A.Bycitingreference.B.Bycontrasting.C.Bygivinganexample.D.Bygivingdefinitions9.WhichofthefollowingproverbsagreeswithStudentX’stransition?A.Ironsharpensiron.B.Birdsofafeatherflocktogether.C.WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.D.Keepgoodcompany,andyoushallbeofthenumber.10.Whatdoes“examinethemechanism”meaninthelastparagraph?AFocusonitsdrawbacks.B.Analyzeitsscienceofprocess.C.Offeranarrowperspective.D.Concentrateonitspositivesides11.What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A.PeerPressure:HarmfulorHelpful?B.PeerPressure:BeyondtheNegativeLabelC.PeerPressure:AKeytoGroupSuccessD.PeerPressure:APsychologicalPerspective【答案】8.C9.D10.B11.B【解析】【導語】這是一篇議論文。本文探討了同伴壓力并不總是負面的，它也可能對年輕人的個人發(fā)展和行為產(chǎn)第10頁/共26頁生積極影響?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Imagineasituation:studentXhasalwaysenjoyedplayingtheguitarbutislazyandunmotivated.Althoughinitiallyunwilling,sheispersuadedtojoinaschoolband.Thegroupofstudentsispreparingforaperformanceandtheexistingmembersareenthusiastic,focusedandhardworking.Gradually,studentXiscaughtupinthespiritofthebandandbeforelongsheiswillinglymakingthesamecommitmentoftimeandeffortsotheycanachieveacommongoal.(想象一下這種情況：學生X一直喜歡彈吉他，但她很懶，沒有動力。雖然一開始不愿意，但她被說服加入了學校樂隊。這群學生正在為一場演出做準備，現(xiàn)有的成員都很熱情、專注、勤奮。漸漸地，學生X被樂隊的氛圍所感染，不久之后，她也心甘情愿地投入了同樣的時間和精力，這樣他們就能實現(xiàn)一個共同的目標)”可知，在這段中，作者通過描述學生X在同伴壓力下如何從一個懶惰、沒有動力的人轉變?yōu)橐粋€愿意投入時間和精力去實現(xiàn)共同目標的人，來舉例說明同伴壓力的建設性應用。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Gradually,studentXiscaughtupinthespiritofthebandandbeforelongsheiswillinglymakingthesamecommitmentoftimeandeffortsotheycanachieveacommongoal.(漸漸地，學生X被樂隊的氛圍所感染，不久之后，她也心甘情愿地投入了同樣的時間和精力，這樣他們就能實現(xiàn)一個共同的目標)”可知，學生X在積極向上的同伴的影響下，從一個懶惰、沒有動力的人轉變?yōu)橐粋€愿意投入時間和精力去實現(xiàn)共同目標的人，這體現(xiàn)了“近朱者赤”的道理，即和優(yōu)秀的人在一起，自己也會受到積極的影響而變得優(yōu)秀。故選D?！?0題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線部分下文“ratherthanfocusonitsnegativeaspects.Providingaone-dimensionalviewoftheconceptencouragesthebias(偏見)thatpeerpressureisastrictlyundesirablefeatureofhumansociety.Instead,weshouldbeexploringwaystouseitspowerforgood.(而不是專注于它的消極方面。對這一概念給出單一維度的看法會助長這樣一種偏見，即同輩壓力是人類社會中一種完全不可取的特征。相反，我們應該探索如何將同輩壓力的力量用于有益的方面)”可知，理解同伴壓力的概念及其對人類的影響的關鍵是密切分析它的科學過程，由此可知，examinethemechanism意為“分析其科學過程”，即要深入理解同伴壓力是如何運作的，包括其積極和消極方面的影響，以及如何利用其積極方面來促進個人和社會的良好發(fā)展。故選B?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Thenegativenatureofpeerpressure(同伴壓力)isoftenpresentedwithoutquestion.Theundesirableeffectofpeerpressurecannotbedenied,butisitalsopossiblethatpeerpressuremightnotentirely第11頁/共26頁deserveitsbadreputation?Couldpeerpressurealsohavepositiveeffectsonthepersonaldevelopmentandbehaviorofyoungpeople?Alookatthescientificliteraturerevealsexactlythatpeerpressureisnotalwaysaforceforthedarkside.(同伴壓力的消極性質常常被不加質疑地呈現(xiàn)出來。同伴壓力的不良影響是不可否認的，但同伴壓力是否可能并不完全像人們所說的那樣糟糕呢？同伴壓力是否也會對年輕人的個人發(fā)展和行為產(chǎn)生積極影響呢？看看科學文獻就會發(fā)現(xiàn)，同伴壓力并不總是負面的)”及全文內容可知，文章主要討論了同伴壓力的積極影響，通過舉例說明同伴壓力如何促使個人改變行為，實現(xiàn)共同目標，并指出要理解同伴壓力的概念及其對人類的影響，關鍵是要仔細研究其機制，而不是只關注其消極方面。由此可知，B選項“同伴壓力：超越負面標簽”最符合文章標題。故選B。DTheclimatecrisismayleadthehumanracetoshrinkinsize,asmammalswithsmallerframesappearbetterabletodealwithrisingglobaltemperatures,aleadingfossilexperthassaid.ProfessorSteveBrusatte,apalaeontologist(古生物學者)attheUniversityofEdinburgh,suggestedthatthewayinwhichothermammalshavepreviouslyrespondedtoperiodsofclimatechangecouldofferaninsightintohumans’future.Hecomparedthepotentialproblemofpeopleascomparabletothatofearlyhorses,whichbecamesmallerinbodysizeastemperaturesrosearound55millionyearsago.WritinginTheRiseandReignoftheMammals,Brusattenotesthatanimalsinwarmerpartsoftheworldtodayareoftensmallerthanthoseincolderareas,anecologicalprincipleknownasBergmann’srule.“Thereasonsarenotentirelyunderstood,butitisprobably,inpart,becausesmalleranimalshaveahighersurfacearearelativetotheirvolumethanbiggeranimalsandcanthusimprovethedissipationoftheextraheat,”hewrites.Brusattesaidthatbecomingsmallerwas“acommonwaythatmammalsdealwithclimatechange”.Headded,“That’snottosayeveryspeciesofmammalwouldgetsmaller,butitseemstobeacommonsurvivaltrickofmammalswhentemperaturesriseprettyquickly.Thatdoesraisethequestion:Iftemperaturesdorisereallyquickly,mighthumansgetsmaller?AndIthinkthat’scertainlyreasonable.”However,notallexpertsagreethatrisingtemperaturecausesmammalstoshrink.ProfessorAdrianLister,oftheNaturalHistoryMuseuminLondon,saidtherelationshipshownbytherecenthumanremainsstudyisweak.“Wearenotreallycontrolledbynaturalselection,”hesaid.“Ifthatwasgoingtohappen,you’dneedtofindlargepeopledyingbeforetheycouldreproducebecauseofclimatewarming.Thatisnothappeningintoday’sworld.Wewearclothes,wehavegotheating,wehavegotairconditioningifitistoohot.”12.WhatmayclimatechangedotohumanbeingsaccordingtoBrusatte?A.Evolvesmallerfigures.B.Threatentheirhealth.第12頁/共26頁C.Migratetocolderplaces.D.Leadtotheextinction.13.Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrectaccordingtothetext?A.Everyspeciesofmammalwouldnotgetsmaller.B.Coldfavorssmalleranimalswhilewarmthfavorslargerones.C.Largermammalsloseheatmoreefficientlycomparedtosmallerones.D.Reducingbodysizerepresentsafrequentadaptationstrategyforalltheanimals.14.What’sAdrianLister’sattitudetowardstherecentstudy?A.Concerned.B.Approving.C.Reserved.D.Doubtful.15.What’sthestructureofthispassage?A.Problem—Analysis—SolutionB.Phenomenon—Cause—EffectC.Centralargument—Analysis—ConclusionD.Proposedidea—Evidence—Challenge【答案】12.A13.A14.D15.D【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。本文主要探討了氣候危機對人類體型可能產(chǎn)生的影響?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“ProfessorSteveBrusatte,apalaeontologist(古生物學者)attheUniversityofEdinburgh,suggestedthatthewayinwhichothermammalshavepreviouslyrespondedtoperiodsofclimatechangecouldofferaninsightintohumans’future.Hecomparedthepotentialproblemofpeopleascomparabletothatofearlyhorses,whichbecamesmallerinbodysizeastemperaturesrosearound55millionyearsago.(愛丁堡大學的古生物學家史蒂夫·布魯薩特教授認為，其他哺乳動物以前對氣候變化時期的反應方式可以為我們洞悉人類的未來提供線索。他將人類的潛在問題與早期馬的問題進行了比較。隨著大約5500萬年前氣溫的升高，早期馬的體型變小了)”可知，根據(jù)布魯薩特的說法，氣候變化可能會導致人類體型縮小。故選A?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Headded,“That’snottosayeveryspeciesofmammalwouldgetsmaller,butitseemstobeacommonsurvivaltrickofmammalswhentemperaturesriseprettyquickly.”(他補充說：這并不是說每一種哺乳動物都會變小，但當氣溫上升得非?？鞎r，這似乎是哺乳動物常見的生存技巧。)”可知，并不是每一種哺乳動物都會變小。故選A?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“However,notallexpertsagreethatrisingtemperaturecausesmammalstoshrink.ProfessorAdrianLister,oftheNaturalHistoryMuseuminLondon,saidtherelationshipshownbytherecent第13頁/共26頁humanremainsstudyisweak.“Wearenotreallycontrolledbynaturalselection,”hesaid.“Ifthatwasgoingtohappen,you’dneedtofindlargepeopledyingbeforetheycouldreproducebecauseofclimatewarming.Thatisnothappeningintoday’sworld.Wewearclothes,wehavegotheating,wehavegotairconditioningifitistoohot.”(然而，并非所有專家都認為氣溫上升會導致哺乳動物體型縮小。倫敦自然歷史博物館的阿德里安·利斯特教授表示，最近的人類遺骸研究所顯示的關系并不強。他說：“我們并沒有真正受到自然選擇的控制。如果這種情況真的會發(fā)生，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)很多人因為氣候變暖而在生育之前就死去了。這在當今世界是不會發(fā)生的。我們穿衣服，我們有暖氣，如果天氣太熱，我們還有空調?！?”可知，阿德里安·利斯特教授認為最近的人類遺骸研究所顯示的隨著其后變暖人的體型會變小的這種關系并不強。由此推知，他對于最近的研究持懷疑態(tài)度。故選D。【15題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Theclimatecrisismayleadthehumanracetoshrinkinsize,asmammalswithsmallerframesappearbetterabletodealwithrisingglobaltemperatures,aleadingfossilexperthassaid.(一位著名的化石專家表示，氣候危機可能導致人類體型縮小，因為體型較小的哺乳動物似乎更能應對全球氣溫上升)”可知，文章第一段提出一個觀點，即氣候危機可能導致人類體型縮?。桓鶕?jù)第二段“ProfessorSteveBrusatte,apalaeontologist(古生物學者)attheUniversityofEdinburgh,suggestedthatthewayinwhichothermammalshavepreviouslyrespondedtoperiodsofclimatechangecouldofferaninsightintohumans’future.Hecomparedthepotentialproblemofpeopleascomparabletothatofearlyhorses,whichbecamesmallerinbodysizeastemperaturesrosearound55millionyearsago.(愛丁堡大學的古生物學家史蒂夫·布魯薩特教授表示，其他哺乳動物此前應對氣候變化的方式，或許可以讓我們一窺人類的未來。他將人類可能面臨的問題與早期馬進行了比較，早期馬在大約5500萬年前氣溫上升時體型變小了)”和第三段“WritinginTheRiseandReignoftheMammals,Brusattenotesthatanimalsinwarmerpartsoftheworldtodayareoftensmallerthanthoseincolderareas,anecologicalprincipleknownasBergmann’srule.(布魯薩特在《哺乳動物的崛起與統(tǒng)治》一書中寫道，如今生活在世界溫暖地區(qū)的動物通常比生活在寒冷地區(qū)的動物體型小，這就是所謂的伯格曼法則)”可知，文章第二、三段給出了支持這一觀點的證據(jù)；根據(jù)最后一段“However,notallexpertsagreethatrisingtemperaturecausesmammalstoshrink.ProfessorAdrianLister,oftheNaturalHistoryMuseuminLondon,saidtherelationshipshownbytherecenthumanremainsstudyisweak.(然而，并非所有專家都認為氣溫上升會導致哺乳動物體型縮小。倫敦自然歷史博物館的阿德里安·利斯特教授表示，最近的人類遺骸研究所顯示的關系并不強)”可知，文章最后一段對這一觀點提出了質疑。因此，文章的結構是：提出觀點——證據(jù)——質疑。故選D。第14頁/共26頁HowtoTeachYourselfAnythinginLessthanThreeMonthsSelf-educationcanbewonderfulandfrustratingatthesametime.Ifyougoaboutitcorrectly,youcanteachyourselfanythinginjustafewmonths.____16____I’dliketosharemytipstoachievetheformerandavoidthelatter.Myself-educationhasbeenfairlyextensive.Itaughtmyselfhowtoprogramcomputers,creategraphics(3-Dand2-D),howtodesignwebpagesandblog,etc.Self-educationisgoodforjustaboutanybranchofknowledgeorskillsyouwanttoacquire.Herearejustafewstarterpointsofabilitiesyoumightwanttopickup:Knowtheend.Whatshouldyoubeabletodoachieveorknowafterlearning?Mybesteffortsatself-educationhavealwayshadspecificapplications.Themoreprecisetherequirementsofmyknowledge,thefasterIcouldlearn.____17________18____Internetarticlesandscatteredresourcescanhelp,butasolidfoundationisfarsuperior.Therearehundredsofpracticalhandbooksoneveryskillandbranchofknowledge.Bookscangiveyouafoundationthattrial-and-errorcannot.Identifymust-haves.Programmingrequiresbasicmath.Bloggingrequiresbasiccomputer,writingandmarketingskills.Basketballrequiresballhandlingandmovementskills.____19____soyoucanpickthemupbeforeorwhileyoutrytomasteryourskill.Deadlinesdeterminetimeinvestment.Ifyouwanttolearnsomethinginthreemonths,thatcanmeananhouraweekorseveralhoursadaydependingonthediscipline.Yourdeadlinesdeterminehowmuchtimeyouneedtoinvest.PatienceisaVirtue.____20____butitcanbeharderwhenyoureachadead-endanddon’thaveaguide.Yourabilitytoeducateyourselfwillmatchcloselywithyourabilitytokeeptryingwhenyouwanttogiveup.A.BuyaHow-To.B.Combinebookswithtrial-and-error.C.Knowwhatbackgroundskillsyouneedbeforeyoustart,D.Self-educationisn’tmoredifficultthanclassroomlearning,E.Poorlyapplied,however,self-educationcanbeastressfulnightmare.F.DoyoujustwanttospeakSpanish,orbe95%fluentinabasicconversation?G.Learningsomethinginonlythreemonthstakesabitmorethancasualtrial-and-error,第15頁/共26頁【答案】16.E17.F18.A19.C20.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了如何在三個月內自學任何東西的技巧。【16題詳解】上文“Ifyougoaboutitcorrectly,youcanteachyourselfanythinginjustafewmonths.(如果你方法得當，你可以在幾個月內自學任何東西)”指出正確的方法可以帶來好的自學效果；下文“I’dliketosharemytipstoachievetheformerandavoidthelatter.(我想分享一些技巧來實現(xiàn)前者，避免后者)”提到了“前者”和“后者”，暗示本空會提及兩種相反的情況。由此可推測，本空描述了如果方法不得當，自學可能會帶來不好的結果。選項E“Poorlyapplied,however,self-educationcanbeastressfulnightmare.(然而，如果運用不當，自學可能會成為一場壓力重重的噩夢)”與上下文語境相符。故選E?！?7題詳解】上文“Themoreprecisetherequirementsofmyknowledge,thefasterIcouldlearn.(我的知識要求越精確，我學得就越快)”指出學習目標的明確性對學習速度的影響。由此可推測，本空會通過舉例進一步說明明確學習目標的重要性。選項F“DoyoujustwanttospeakSpanish,orbe95%fluentinabasicconversation?(你是只想說西班牙語，還是想在基本對話中達到95%的流利程度嗎？)”通過提問的方式，讓讀者思考自己的學習目標，從而引出下文對明確學習目標的討論。故選F?！?8題詳解】空處為段落主旨句。下文“Internetarticlesandscatteredresourcescanhelp,butasolidfoundationisfarsup