備戰(zhàn)2025年高考英語(yǔ)搶分秘籍(新高考專用)搶分秘籍03閱讀理解(主旨大意+推理判斷+細(xì)節(jié)理解+詞義猜測(cè))(學(xué)生版+解析)

/搶分秘籍03閱讀理解(主旨大意+推理判斷+細(xì)節(jié)理解+詞義猜測(cè))目錄【高考預(yù)測(cè)】（閱讀理解）主旨大意+推理判斷+細(xì)節(jié)理解+詞義猜測(cè)01【思維導(dǎo)圖】閱讀理解考點(diǎn)考向思維導(dǎo)圖02【應(yīng)試秘籍】閱讀理解?？键c(diǎn)及應(yīng)對(duì)的策略02【誤區(qū)點(diǎn)撥】閱讀理解點(diǎn)撥常見(jiàn)的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)02【搶分通關(guān)】閱讀理解押題新高考方向，講解通關(guān)策略（含新考法）19【模擬新題練】19【押題演練】25概率預(yù)測(cè)☆☆☆☆☆題型預(yù)測(cè)閱讀理解——主旨大意+推理判斷+細(xì)節(jié)理解+詞義猜測(cè)考向預(yù)測(cè)主旨大意+推理判斷+細(xì)節(jié)理解+詞義猜測(cè)☆☆☆☆☆【思維導(dǎo)圖】一、主旨大意題秘籍：主旨大意題分為歸納文章標(biāo)題、段落大意和文章大意。標(biāo)題歸納題屬于文章中心思想的精煉表達(dá)。標(biāo)題具有以下特征：①概括性：能概括全文并體現(xiàn)文章的主旨；②針對(duì)性：內(nèi)涵相符，范圍一致；③新穎性：新穎奇特，吸引眼球；④精準(zhǔn)性：不改變?cè)牡囊馑己透星樯盛莺?jiǎn)短性：名詞短語(yǔ),動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)或祈使句。段落大意題解題時(shí)重點(diǎn)關(guān)注段落第一句，段落第一句往往是段落的主旨句，有時(shí)會(huì)和段落結(jié)尾句首尾呼應(yīng)。文章大意題解答時(shí)應(yīng)當(dāng)重點(diǎn)關(guān)注文章第一段和最后一段。第一段往往會(huì)點(diǎn)明文章的主要內(nèi)容和線索，有時(shí)在各個(gè)段落的主旨句中也可以提煉文章的大意。易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)1：文章標(biāo)題的常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤（①斷章取義；②以偏概全）(2025年1月?浙江卷)Anoveldesignapproachtogardeninghasbeengaininginpopularityworldwide.Referredtoasmatrixplanting,thisapproachaimsfornaturetodoalotmoreoftheheavyliftinginthegarden,andevensomeofthedesigning.Eschewingfertilizers(化肥)andpowertools,it’sbasedonanelegantlysimpleprinciple:togardenmorelikenaturedoes.TheconceptwasbornwhenGermancityplannerssoughttoplantlargeareasofparklandafterWorldWarIIinareproduciblewaythatwouldneedminimalmaintenance.Plannerscreatedplantingmixesthatcouldbeusedmodularly(模塊化).Inamatrixgarden,plantswithsimilarculturalneedsaregroupedsothattheywillgrowtogetheraboveandbelowground,formingacooperativeecosystemthatconserveswateranddiscouragesweeds.DutchplantsmananddesignerPietOudolf’sgardenspopularizedthisstyle,addingartisticflavorstotheplantingmixeswhileplayingwithcolorandform,includingfour-seasoninterestandservingtheneedsofwildlife.Beautifulyear-round,theyinviteyoutoenjoythesmallestdetail,fromthesoundofgrassesinthegentlewindtothesculptureofodd-lookingseedheads.Ittakesalotofthoughttolookthisnatural.Whilematrixgardensappearwild,theyarecarefullyplanned,withculturalneedsthefirstconsideration.Ledbytheconceptof“rightplant,rightplace,”theymatchplantsthatenjoythesamesoil,sunandweatherconditions,andarrangethemaccordingtotheirpatternsofgrowth.Thebenefitsaresubstantialforbothgardenerandplanet.Withhumaninputsdramaticallyreduced,thegarden’secologycandevelopwell.Establishedmatrixgardensshouldnotneedthelifesupportwegivemostgardens:fertilizer,dividing,regularwatering.Comparedtotraditionalgardenplots,theyincreasecarbonabsorption,reducestormwaterrunoffandboosthabitatandbiodiversitysignificantly.31．Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．ThefutureofgardeningisWILD． B．NaturetreatsalllivesasEQUALS.C．MatrixgardensneedmoreCARE. D．OldgardenplotsworkWONDERS.這是一個(gè)很容易做錯(cuò)的一個(gè)高考典例，有些同學(xué)選D．OldgardenplotsworkWONDERS，他們從文章找到了Comparedtotraditionalgardenplots,theyincreasecarbonabsorption,reducestormwaterrunoffandboosthabitatandbiodiversitysignificantly.，認(rèn)為Oldgardenplots是traditionalgardenplots的改寫(xiě)，有些相似之處，就以為找到了答案，沒(méi)有認(rèn)真分析哪里來(lái)的workWONDERS；有些同學(xué)從文中找到了matrixgardens就選CMatrixgardensneedmoreCARE，但和文中的Establishedmatrixgardensshouldnotneedthelifesupportwegivemostgardens:fertilizer,dividing,regularwatering.相悖，故錯(cuò)誤。選標(biāo)題時(shí)一定要從文章整體把握，切不可斷章取義、以偏概全。1.解題技巧：關(guān)鍵詞法反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞語(yǔ)，多次重復(fù)的觀點(diǎn)就是體現(xiàn)主旨的關(guān)鍵詞主題句法根據(jù)文章主題句，確定中心詞充當(dāng)標(biāo)題串聯(lián)法分析文章細(xì)節(jié)，確定共同點(diǎn)，如同穿珠般，串聯(lián)細(xì)節(jié)共同點(diǎn)，確定標(biāo)題逆向法根據(jù)四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，考慮其可能內(nèi)容，對(duì)照原文，最相似者為最佳選項(xiàng)2.思維方法：要首先找出文章的主題句，然后根據(jù)文章主題句確定文章標(biāo)題，如果沒(méi)有主題句再尋找全文重復(fù)性強(qiáng)的關(guān)鍵詞或者概括全文。①正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基礎(chǔ)上，揣摩哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)能準(zhǔn)確概括主旨；②反面否定法：撇開(kāi)原文，設(shè)想各選項(xiàng)寫(xiě)出來(lái)應(yīng)是什么樣的文章，然后和原文比對(duì)，逐一排除不符項(xiàng)；③研讀備選項(xiàng)：認(rèn)真研讀備選項(xiàng)里的中心詞、結(jié)構(gòu)、概括性、修飾詞的變化，查看與中心思想是否相符。易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)2：文章的段落大意定位不準(zhǔn)(2025年1月?浙江卷)D篇Martinseesasilverlining,however:Shebelievesthatanthropomorphism(擬人化)“providesanopportunitytochangestereotypes.”Whenwomenareputintopositionsofleadershiplikerunningcompanies,itreducesnegativestereotypesaboutwomen.Similarly,anthropomorphizedproductscouldbecreatedtotakeonstereotype-inconsistentroles—amalerobotthatassistswithnursingorafemalerobotthathelpsdocalculations,forinstance.35．Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkabout?A．Thequalityofgenderlessproducts. B．Theupsideofgenderingaproduct.C．Themeaningofanthropomorphism. D．Thestereotypesofmenandwomen.解題技巧：段落大意題主要考查段落的主要意思，是對(duì)一個(gè)段落的基本內(nèi)容的簡(jiǎn)縮和概括。概括、總結(jié)、歸納段落大意就是用準(zhǔn)確的、簡(jiǎn)練的語(yǔ)言把一個(gè)段落的主要意思明確而完整地表達(dá)出來(lái)。做題時(shí)要特別注意“首尾兼顧”，即所問(wèn)段落的首句和尾句。一是因?yàn)樗鼈兺w現(xiàn)主旨要義，二是因?yàn)槔眠@些信息可以迅速提煉段落結(jié)構(gòu)框架，在框架下的主旨判斷，其準(zhǔn)確性更高。易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)3：文章大意把握不準(zhǔn)(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)C篇Weallknowfreshisbestwhenitcomestofood.However,mostproduceatthestorewentthroughweeksoftravelandcoveredhundredsofmilesbeforereachingthetable.Whilefarmer’smarketsareasolidchoicetoreducethejourney,BabylonMicro-Farm(BMF)shortensitevenmore.BMFisanindoorgardensystem.Itcanbesetupforafamily.Additionally,itcouldservealargeraudiencesuchasahospital,restaurantorschool.Theinnovativedesignrequireslittleefforttoachieveareliableweeklysupplyoffreshgreens.Specifically,it’safarmthatreliesonnewtechnology.ByconnectingthroughtheCloud,BMFisremotelymonitored.Also,thereisaconvenientappthatprovidesgrowingdatainrealtime.Becausethesystemisautomated,itsignificantlyreducestheamountofwaterneededtogrowplants.Ratherthanwateringrowsofsoil,thesystemprovidesjusttherightamounttoeachplant.Afterharvest,userssimplyreplacetheplantswithanewpre-seededpod(容器)togetthenextgrowthcyclestarted.Moreover,havingasysteminthesamebuildingwhereit’seatenmeanszeroemissions(排放)fromtransportingplantsfromsoiltosalad.Inaddition,there’snoneedforpesticidesandotherchemicalsthatpollutetraditionalfarmsandthesurroundingenvironment.BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.Abouthalfofthemwalkorbiketowork.Insidetheoffice,theyencouragerecyclingandwastereductionbylimitinggarbagecansandavoidingsingle-useplastic.“Wearepassionateaboutreducingwaste,carbonandchemicalsinourenvironment,”saidaBMFemployee.11.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.BMF’smajorstrengths. B.BMF’sgeneralmanagement.C.BMF’sglobalinfluence. D.BMF’stechnicalstandards.本文的文章大意需要從文中各段進(jìn)行總結(jié)，最后總結(jié)概括文章大意。文章在不同的段落里說(shuō)明了巴比倫微型農(nóng)場(chǎng)的特點(diǎn)：減少食物運(yùn)輸距離、通過(guò)云技術(shù)遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控、自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)節(jié)約水資源、減少化學(xué)污染、以及員工的環(huán)保生活方式等，很顯然這都是農(nóng)場(chǎng)的優(yōu)勢(shì)。故A選項(xiàng)正確。它是對(duì)全文的高度概括，語(yǔ)言精練。文章大意解題指導(dǎo)方法1：主題句法解答主旨大意題，找準(zhǔn)文章的主題句是關(guān)鍵。下面介紹兩種快速找出主題句的方法。(1)根據(jù)文體和寫(xiě)作手法來(lái)定位主題句(2)根據(jù)行文標(biāo)志來(lái)定位主題句轉(zhuǎn)折詞如but，however，infact，actually等時(shí)，其后的內(nèi)容往往是作者真正想要表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)。總結(jié)詞如therefore，thus，inshort，conclude等，其后的內(nèi)容往往是文章的主題。疑問(wèn)句若首段出現(xiàn)疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，對(duì)該問(wèn)題的回答可能是文章的主題。方法2：高頻詞法全文中無(wú)明顯主題句時(shí)，我們可以利用文章中的高頻詞。任何一篇文章都是圍繞某個(gè)主題展開(kāi)的，因此，有的文章中最明顯的特點(diǎn)之一是有一個(gè)反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的中心詞，即高頻詞，也叫做主題詞。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。方法3：逆向思維法在兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)看上去都十分正確無(wú)法選擇時(shí)，試著從選項(xiàng)出發(fā)，想象一下如果自己以此選項(xiàng)來(lái)寫(xiě)文章會(huì)有哪些內(nèi)容，然后把它與文章的內(nèi)容比較，接近的即為正確選項(xiàng)。二、推理判斷題推理判斷題包括隱含意義推斷題、觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度、文章出處或?qū)懽鲗?duì)象、目的意圖和下文預(yù)測(cè)推斷題。推理判斷題的命題選項(xiàng)采用的方法：同義替換對(duì)原文句子中的關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行替換，最終成為正確選項(xiàng)正話反說(shuō)把原文中的意思反過(guò)來(lái)表達(dá)而成為正確選項(xiàng)。語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)化把原文中復(fù)雜的語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)化，設(shè)置為答案。信息歸納具有概括性，用精練的語(yǔ)言概括原文中分散的或復(fù)雜的信息，考查考生的概括和歸納能力改變?cè)~性或語(yǔ)態(tài)改變?cè)闹攸c(diǎn)詞性或語(yǔ)態(tài)，給考生制造了某些障礙。特殊句式使用特殊句式如虛擬語(yǔ)氣、倒裝句、雙重否定等增加句子理解難度。注意：比較級(jí)后面常有than,有時(shí)前面會(huì)有any,much,far,even,still,abit等修飾其程度。易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)1：對(duì)人物和事件的描述出錯(cuò)1.(2025年1月?浙江卷)C篇DutchplantsmananddesignerPietOudolf’sgardenspopularizedthisstyle,addingartisticflavorstotheplantingmixeswhileplayingwithcolorandform,includingfour-seasoninterestandservingtheneedsofwildlife.Beautifulyear-round,theyinviteyoutoenjoythesmallestdetail,fromthesoundofgrassesinthegentlewindtothesculptureofodd-lookingseedheads.30．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesPietOudolf’sgardens?A．Traditional. B．Odd-looking.C．Tasteful. D．Well-protected.2.（2025年1月浙江卷）I’vebeentryingoutthesestrategiesandI’vefoundthatwhenI’mlessrestrictive,theydomakebetterdecisions.“Feedingisalonggame,”saysMarkey.“Thefoodyouhaveavailablemakesahugedifference.Eveniftheydon’teatit,they’reseeingit.Andthenallofasuddenitclicks.”27.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthestrategiesshehasbeenfollowing?A.Costly. B.Complex. C.Workable. D.Contradictory.如何判斷人物和事件的特征（1）思維導(dǎo)圖（2）人物和事件特征的設(shè)問(wèn)方式1．Whichofthefollowingbestdescribes?2．Accordingtothetext,whichwordscanbestdescribe?3.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribeaccordingtoParagraph...?4.Howwouldtheauthorfeelabouttheoutcomeoftheevent?5.Whatdidtheauthorthinkof?（3）解題技巧把描述人物的性格特征的詞一一列出，基本上考題不會(huì)超出這些詞匯，考前把它們的意思記熟。預(yù)測(cè)每個(gè)詞需要和什么樣的事跡相對(duì)應(yīng)，這樣在考場(chǎng)上就能迅速地找到答案。對(duì)這種題要迅速解決，以給其他試題提供做題時(shí)間。易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)2：寫(xiě)作態(tài)度易錯(cuò)1.(2024·全國(guó)甲卷)Doctorsseeupto150patientseveryday.Thetrain’sequipmentallowsforbasiccheckups.“Iwasveryimpressedbythedoctorsandtheirassistantsworkingandlivinginsuchlittlespacebutstillstayingfocusedandveryconcerned,”saysDucke.“Theywerethebestchanceformanyruralpeopletogetthetreatmenttheywant.”31.WhatisDucke’sattitudetowardtheSaintLukas’services?A.Appreciative. B.Doubtful C.Ambiguous. D.Cautious.2.（2023?新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷·閱讀理解D篇）Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?Thishappenedsomeofthetime,butitwasn’tthedominantresponse.Mostfrequently,thegroupsreportedthatthey“sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether.”Somehow,theseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.()35.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardNavajas’studies?A.Unclear.B.Dismissive.C.Doubtful.D.Approving.解題方法：做此類題目必須透過(guò)文章的字面意義去理解。作者的態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn)無(wú)非也就是三種：支持、贊同、樂(lè)觀；反對(duì)、批評(píng)、懷疑、悲觀；中立、客觀。作者的態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn)常用一些形容詞、副詞和不定意義的動(dòng)詞來(lái)表達(dá)，如possible,impossible,seem,strange等。這時(shí)需要注意的是：一定要理清作者所列舉的事例與其觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度是一致的還是相反的。有些文章作者的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度隱含在文章的字里行間，需要通讀全文，才能做出正確的判斷。注意熟悉一些常見(jiàn)的有關(guān)作者情感、態(tài)度的詞語(yǔ)。褒義詞有：supportive(支持的)；positive(積極的)；optimistic(樂(lè)觀的)；enthusiastic(熱情的)等。貶義詞有：negative(否定的，消極的)；ironic(諷刺的)；critical(批評(píng)的)；disgusted(厭惡的)；disappointed(失望的)等。中性詞有：indifferent(漠不關(guān)心的)；uninterested(不感興趣的)；objective(客觀的)；neutral(中立的)等。易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)3：對(duì)預(yù)測(cè)文章走勢(shì)茫然不知所措（2023?全國(guó)乙卷·閱讀理解C篇）WhatcomesintoyourmindwhenyouthinkofBritishfood?Probablyfishandchips,oraSundaydinnerofmeatandtwovegetables.ButisBritishfoodreallysouninteresting?EventhoughBritainhasareputationforless-than-impressivecuisine,itisproducingmoretopclasschefswhoappearfrequentlyonourtelevisionscreensandwhoserecipebooksfrequentlytopthebestsellerlists.It’sthankstotheseTVchefsratherthananyadvertisingcampaignthatBritonsareturningawayfrommeat-and-two-vegandready-mademealsandbecomingmoreadventurousintheircookinghabits.ItisrecentlyreportedthatthenumberofthosestickingtoatraditionaldietisslowlydecliningandaroundhalfofBritain’sconsumerswouldliketochangeorimprovetheircookinginsomeway.TherehasbeenariseinthenumberofstudentsapplyingforfoodcoursesatUKuniversitiesandcolleges.ItseemsthatTVprogrammeshavehelpedchangewhatpeoplethinkaboutcooking.Accordingtoanewstudyfrommarketanalysts,1in5BritonssaythatwatchingcookeryprogrammesonTVhasencouragedthemtotrydifferentfood.Almostonethirdsaytheynowuseawidervarietyofingredients(配料)thantheyusedto,andjustunder1in4saytheynowbuybetterqualityingredientsthanbefore.OneinfouradultssaythatTVchefshavemadethemmuchmoreconfidentaboutexpandingtheircookeryknowledgeandskills,andyoungpeoplearealsogettingmoreinterestedincooking.TheUK'sobsession(癡迷)withfoodisreflectedthroughtelevisionscheduling.Cookeryshowsanddocumentariesaboutfoodarebroadcastmoreoftenthanbefore.WithanincreasingnumberofmalechefsonTV,it’snolonger“uncool”forboystolikecooking.()31.Whatmighttheauthorcontinuetalkingabout?A.Theartofcookinginothercountries.B.MalechefsonTVprogrammes.C.TablemannersintheUK.D.Studiesofbigeaters.如何判斷文章走勢(shì)（1）思維導(dǎo)圖（2）文章走勢(shì)的設(shè)問(wèn)方式1.Whatwillbediscussedfurtherinthecomingparagraph?2．Whatmaytheresearchersdonextaccordingtothelastparagraph?3．Whatwouldtheauthormostprobablydiscussnext?4．Wheredoesthearticlegonext?5.Whatwouldthefollowingparagraphtalkabout?（3）解題技巧對(duì)事件可能的結(jié)局或下一段可能涉及的內(nèi)容等進(jìn)行猜測(cè)推理。做此類題目時(shí)，務(wù)必把握作者的寫(xiě)作思路，如文章可能按事件發(fā)展的經(jīng)過(guò)描寫(xiě)，也可能按因果關(guān)系、對(duì)比關(guān)系來(lái)敘述，從而做出比較科學(xué)的、合情合理的預(yù)測(cè)判斷。特別要注意文章最后一段的內(nèi)容及最后幾句話。易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)4：寫(xiě)作目的和意圖易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)1．（2024·新課標(biāo)I卷）Farberiscertainthattheholisticapproachwillgrowmorepopularwithtime,andifthepastisanyindication,hemayberight:Since1982,membershipintheAmericanHolisticVeterinaryMedicalAssociationhasgrownfrom30toover700.“Sometimesitsurprisesmethatitworkssowell,”hesays.“Iwilldoanythingtohelpananimal.That’smyjob.”27.WhydoestheauthormentiontheAmericanHolisticVeterinaryMedicalAssociation?A.ToproveFarber’spoint. B.Toemphasizeitsimportance.C.Topraiseveterinarians. D.Toadvocateanimalprotection.2.（2023?新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷·閱讀理解B）WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(細(xì)菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?Withtherightcombinationofanimalsandplants,hefigured,maybehecouldcleanupwastethewaynaturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco-machine.ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremoveharmfulsubstancesfromsomesludge(污泥).First,heconstructedaseriesofclearfibreglasstanksconnectedtoeachother.Thenhewentaroundtolocalpondsandstreamsandbroughtbacksomeplantsandanimals.Heplacedtheminthetanksandwaited.Littlebylittle,thesedifferentkindsoflifegotusedtooneanotherandformedtheirownecosystem.Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse-likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.“Ecologicaldesign”isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes.“LifeonEarthiskindofaboxofsparepartsfortheinventor,”hesays.“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat’shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.”()26.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinmentioningFuzhou?A.ToreviewJohn’sresearchplans.B.ToshowanapplicationofJohn’sidea.C.TocompareJohn’sdifferentjobs.D.ToerasedoubtsaboutJohn’sinvention.如何判斷寫(xiě)作目的和意圖（1）思維導(dǎo)圖（2）目的意圖題的設(shè)問(wèn)方式Whatisthemainpurposeoftheauthorwritingthetext? Thepurposeofthetextistogetmorepeopleto_______. Thewriterofthestorywantstotellusthat________. Thefact…ismentionedbytheauthortoshow________. Theauthorwritersthelastparagraphinorderto________.（3）解題技巧：寫(xiě)作意圖推斷題要求考生根據(jù)文章的論述，揣測(cè)作者的寫(xiě)作意圖及作者運(yùn)用某種寫(xiě)作手法的目的。作者一般不直接表明自己的意圖，而是通過(guò)文章所提供的事實(shí)，客觀地使讀者信服某種想法或觀點(diǎn)。這種題型要求考生不但能理解文章的大意，同時(shí)還要具備對(duì)作者闡述問(wèn)題的方法進(jìn)行分析和歸納總結(jié)的能力。 一般來(lái)說(shuō)，我們可以通過(guò)分析文章的文體特點(diǎn)，理解作者的詞句選擇和識(shí)別文章的語(yǔ)氣來(lái)推斷出作者的寫(xiě)作意圖。易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)5：引申推斷題易錯(cuò)1．(2025年1月·浙江卷)BWhenIwasachildIwasoftentoldwhatnottoeat.“Youdon’twanttogetfat”wasonconstantrepeatthroughoutmychildhood.Itreallymessedupmyrelationshipwithfood—somethingthattookmeyearstoovercome.Becauseofthis,I’mcarefulnottoconnectwhatmykidsweighwiththeirworthaspeople.Iencouragemydaughtertomakehealthysnackchoicesandoftendissuade(勸阻)herfromaseconddessert.ButonedaywhenIheardhersaying“IthinkI’mtoofat,”myheartsank.Itmademewonderifgivingheradviceonsnackswashavinganunintentionallynegativeimpact.24.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheauthorfromthefirstparagraph?A.Sheisupsetbyherkids’weight. B.Sheiscriticalofthewayshewasfed.C.Sheisinterestedinmakingfood. D.Sheisparticularaboutwhatsheeats.【答案】B2.(2024新課標(biāo)I卷)CDigitaltexts,audioandvideoallhaveeducationalroles,especiallywhenprovidingresourcesnotavailableinprint.However,formaximizinglearningwherementalfocusandreflectionarecalledfor,educatorsshouldn’tassumeallmediaarethesame,evenwhentheycontainidenticalwords.31.Whatdoestheauthorimplyinthelastparagraph?A.Studentsshouldapplymultiplelearningtechniques.B.Teachersshouldproducetheirownteachingmaterial.C.Printtextscannotbeentirelyreplacedineducation.D.Educationoutsidetheclassroomcannotbeignored.如何進(jìn)行引申推斷根據(jù)閱讀文章整體或某一段落的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行引申推斷得出推斷結(jié)果。引申推斷的方法：1.通過(guò)分析文章內(nèi)容，推斷出文章中事實(shí)的結(jié)論，得出新的判斷；2.推理判斷的結(jié)論不是文章中的原句，而是在文章基礎(chǔ)上，通過(guò)邏輯推理得出的結(jié)論。（1）思維導(dǎo)圖（2）錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)1.似是而非：只是對(duì)原文信息簡(jiǎn)單重述，而不是依據(jù)文章提供事實(shí)依據(jù)推斷出來(lái)的結(jié)論。2.夸大事實(shí)：對(duì)文章的事實(shí)或證據(jù)進(jìn)行夸大；有時(shí)，選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容與原文一致無(wú)需推斷。3.推理過(guò)度：選項(xiàng)往往過(guò)于絕對(duì)化或片面化(以偏概全)，有時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)only,all等詞語(yǔ)。4.摻入常識(shí)：根據(jù)考生已有常識(shí)是正確的，但不是根據(jù)文章中的證據(jù)推斷出來(lái)的結(jié)論。（3）解題技巧：引申推斷題屬于深層理解題，要求根據(jù)語(yǔ)篇內(nèi)容，推斷具體細(xì)節(jié)。做此類題目關(guān)鍵是要正確把握文章的內(nèi)在關(guān)系，理解文章的真正含義，要忠實(shí)于原文，千萬(wàn)不能主觀臆斷，隨意揣測(cè)，更不能以自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的觀點(diǎn)。①定位信息：通過(guò)尋讀找到相關(guān)信息點(diǎn)。②字面理解：理解相關(guān)信息點(diǎn)字面意義。③深層理解：進(jìn)而理解作者的言外之意。三、猜測(cè)詞義分析近三年新高考卷考查詞義猜詞的題目可知，對(duì)短語(yǔ)的考查與對(duì)生詞的考查都有所涉及。我們都要運(yùn)用邏輯關(guān)系、上下文、生活常識(shí)、文化背景、構(gòu)詞法等來(lái)猜測(cè)其含義。因此，在閱讀過(guò)程中，考生需要結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，聯(lián)系上下文進(jìn)行猜測(cè)。易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)1：詞義/短語(yǔ)含義易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)1.（2025?浙江新高考卷·閱讀理解C篇節(jié)選）Anoveldesignapproachtogardeninghasbeengaininginpopularityworldwide.Referredtoasmatrixplanting,thisapproachaimsfornaturetodoalotmoreoftheheavyliftinginthegarden,andevensomeofthedesigning.Eschewingfertilizers(化肥)andpowertools,it’sbasedonanelegantlysimpleprinciple:togardenmorelikenaturedoes.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“Eschewing”inthefirstparagraphmean?A.Runningoutof. B.Keepingawayfrom.C.Puttingupwith. D.Takingadvantageof.2.（2023?新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷·閱讀理解C篇節(jié)選）Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit’srightforyou.Todoso,Idividedthebookintotwoparts.Inpartone,Idescribethephilosophicalfoundationsofdigitalminimalism,startingwithanexaminationoftheforcesthataremakingsomanypeople’sdigitallivesincreasinglyintolerable,beforemovingontoadetaileddiscussionofthedigitalminimalismphilosophy.Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy:thedigitaldeclutter.Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.()29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“declutter”inParagraph3mean?A.Clear-up.B.Add-on.C.Check-in.D.Take-over.一、利用上下文線索猜測(cè)詞義1．重述作者為了使某一復(fù)雜難懂的詞或術(shù)語(yǔ)的含義更清楚，通常會(huì)使用常用的、簡(jiǎn)明的詞或詞組對(duì)其進(jìn)行解釋，這就是重述。重述部分通過(guò)逗號(hào)(有時(shí)也使用破折號(hào)、冒號(hào)、分號(hào)或括號(hào))與句子的其他部分隔開(kāi)或用信號(hào)詞引導(dǎo)。常見(jiàn)的信號(hào)詞匯有：or,namely,thatis,inotherwords,thatistosay,tobemoreexact,toputinanotherway等。2.定義作者有時(shí)會(huì)通過(guò)給某些詞匯下定義來(lái)幫助讀者理解詞義，尤其是在一些科普類、社科類及與專業(yè)內(nèi)容相關(guān)的文章中。此時(shí)，常使用的信號(hào)詞語(yǔ)有：i.e.,is,are,is/arecalled,mean,referto,knownas等。3.舉例有時(shí)，畫(huà)線詞后會(huì)跟有一些具體的例子，這些例子能幫助考生理解畫(huà)線詞的詞義。此時(shí)常出現(xiàn)的信號(hào)詞語(yǔ)有：suchas,forexample,forinstance,like,including,especially等。4.同義詞或近義詞有時(shí)，在畫(huà)線單詞或短語(yǔ)的上下文會(huì)出現(xiàn)與之同義或近義的詞匯，它往往暗示了畫(huà)線詞或短語(yǔ)的含義，這時(shí)就可以根據(jù)同義、近義的替代關(guān)系推知生詞或短語(yǔ)的含義。同義詞、近義詞常見(jiàn)的信號(hào)詞匯有：and,or,like,aswell,similarly,too,also,either等。5.反義詞有時(shí)作者會(huì)用表示對(duì)比或轉(zhuǎn)折的信號(hào)詞連接意思相反的兩個(gè)詞或句子，這時(shí)就可根據(jù)反義詞線索猜測(cè)詞義。常見(jiàn)的表示對(duì)比或反義的信號(hào)詞/詞組有：(whether...)or,unlike,but,yet,however,while,although,nevertheless,instead,ratherthan,incontrast,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand等。二、根據(jù)上下文邏輯猜測(cè)詞義有時(shí)作者并未在文中對(duì)某個(gè)單詞或短語(yǔ)進(jìn)行明顯的解釋說(shuō)明，此時(shí)可根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行推理，以確定某一復(fù)雜難懂的單詞或短語(yǔ)的意義。1．轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：利用轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義2.對(duì)比關(guān)系：有時(shí)，文中會(huì)對(duì)兩個(gè)事物或現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行對(duì)比性的描述，或會(huì)出現(xiàn)與生詞意思相反的詞。因此，可以根據(jù)句中的對(duì)比關(guān)系來(lái)猜測(cè)詞義。3.類比關(guān)系作為一種推理方法，類比關(guān)系是指類比各對(duì)象之間存在的一種相似性(共同特征)，它通過(guò)比較不同對(duì)象間的某些相似屬性，從而推出另一屬性也可能相似。常見(jiàn)的表示類比關(guān)系的信號(hào)詞匯有：similarly,like,also,justas,aswell等。三、根據(jù)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)猜測(cè)詞義在英語(yǔ)句子中，同位語(yǔ)或同位語(yǔ)從句、定語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句等都起著解釋說(shuō)明、補(bǔ)充或限定的作用，因此也能提供猜測(cè)詞義的線索。易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)2：代詞指代易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)（2020?新高考Ⅰ卷閱讀C?節(jié)選）Inthemid-1990s,TomBisselltaughtEnglishasavolunteerinUzbekistan.Heleftaftersevenmonths,physicallybrokenandhavinglosthismind.Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea.Hisvisit,however,endedupinvolvingalotmorethanthat．Hencethisbook,ChasingtheSea：LostAmongtheGhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia,whichtalksaboutaroadtripfromTashkenttoKarakalpakstan,wheremillionsofliveshavebeendestroyedbytheslowdryingupofthesea.ItisthestoryofanAmericantravellingtoastrangeland,andofthepeoplehemeetsonhisway:Rustam,histranslator,alovely24-year-oldwhopickeduphiscolorfulEnglishinCalifornia,OlegandNatasha,hishostsinTashkent,andastringofforeignaidworkers.9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph2referto?A．Developingaseriousmentaldisease.B．TakingaguidedtourinCentralAsia.C．WorkingasavolunteerinUzbekistan.D．WritinganarticleabouttheAralSea.代詞指代題旨在考查考生根據(jù)上下文猜測(cè)代詞的指代意義的能力。代詞多是it,that,he,him,that等，可以指代上文提到的人或物，it和that還可以指代一件事。有時(shí)代詞指代的對(duì)象相隔較遠(yuǎn)，要認(rèn)真查找；有時(shí)需要對(duì)前面提到的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行總結(jié)，才能得出代詞所指代的事物?！咀鲱}步驟】四、細(xì)節(jié)理解細(xì)節(jié)理解題主要考查對(duì)文章中某一特定句子的理解，解題時(shí)可以使用快速閱讀的方法，找到文章中對(duì)應(yīng)的關(guān)鍵詞，然后再仔細(xì)閱讀相關(guān)的句子，理解其含義。具體步驟如下：第一步：采用先題后文法，先仔細(xì)審讀題干，標(biāo)出關(guān)鍵詞。第二步：采用原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、近義詞、同義詞甚至反義詞等方法，迅速在原文中查詢關(guān)鍵詞句，再精準(zhǔn)翻譯。第三步：核對(duì)選項(xiàng)，注意細(xì)節(jié)是否有替換或曲解。易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)：不能識(shí)別同義表達(dá)易錯(cuò)2.（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷·閱讀理解C篇節(jié)選）CThegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit’srightforyou.Todoso,Idividedthebookintotwoparts.Inpartone,Idescribethephilosophicalfoundationsofdigitalminimalism,startingwithanexaminationoftheforcesthataremakingsomanypeople’sdigitallivesincreasinglyintolerable,beforemovingontoadetaileddiscussionofthedigitalminimalismphilosophy.()28.Whatisthebookaimedat?A.Teachingcriticalthinkingskills.B.Advocatingasimpledigitallifestyle.C.Solvingphilosophicalproblems.D.Promotingtheuseofadigitaldevice.間接信息題的核心是識(shí)別同義句表達(dá)。最常用的方法是：1.采用同義詞改寫(xiě)選項(xiàng)或題干；2.用反義詞改寫(xiě)選項(xiàng)或題干，采用正話反說(shuō)的方式；3.采用相關(guān)句式改寫(xiě)。例如：本題的解題思維過(guò)程如下：【題干定位】關(guān)鍵詞beaimedat【文章定位】Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit’srightforyou.【文章中的關(guān)鍵詞】Thegoalofthisbook【同義句表達(dá)手段】beaimedat=Thegoalofthisbook【內(nèi)容定位】tomakethecasefordigitalminimalism【選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞】Advocatingv.提倡(advocate的現(xiàn)在分詞)；為…辯護(hù)【同義句表達(dá)手段】Advocatingv.提倡(advocate的現(xiàn)在分詞)；為…辯護(hù)=makethecasefor為…辯護(hù)；提出理由【正確選項(xiàng)】B4.（2023·全國(guó)甲卷·閱讀理解B篇節(jié)選）Terri,whonowrentsahousewithfriendsinWandsworth,SouthWestLondon,saysDIYalsosavesherfromlosinganydepositwhenatenancy(租期)comestoanend.Sheadds:“I’vemovedhousemanytimesandIalwaysliketopersonalisemyroomandputuppictures,so,it’sbeenusefultoknowhowtocoverupholesandrepaintaroomtoavoidanychargeswhenI’vemovedout.”26.HowdidTerriavoidlosingthedepositonthehousesherented?A.Bymakingitlooklikebefore. B.Byfurnishingitherself.C.Bysplittingtherentwitharoommate. D.Bycancellingtherentalagreement.【解題的關(guān)鍵詞】題干中的avoidlosingthedeposit避免損失押金和文章中的avoidanycharges避免被扣除租房的押金，是同義句表達(dá)。5.（2023·1月浙江卷·閱讀理解C篇節(jié)選）WhatHammondisreferringtoisthequestionofmeaning,andmeaningiscentraltowhatdistinguishestheleastintelligentofhumansfromthemostintelligentofmachines.Acomputerworkswithsymbols.Itsprogramspecifiesasetofrulestotransformonestringofsymbolsintoanother.Butitdoesnotspecifywhatthosesymbolsmean.Indeed,toacomputer,meaningisirrelevant.Humans,inthinking,talking,readingandwriting,alsoworkwithsymbols.Butforhumans,meaningiseverything.Whenwecommunicate,wecommunicatemeaning.Whatmattersisnotjusttheoutsideofastringofsymbols,buttheinsidetoo,notjusthowtheyarearrangedbutwhattheymean.30．WhatisProjectDebaterunabletodoaccordingtoHammond?A．Createrules. B．Comprehendmeaning.C．Talkfluently. D．Identifydifficultwords.【解題的關(guān)鍵詞】題干中的unabletodo不能做和文章中的doesnotspecify未指定，是同義句表達(dá)。間接信息題解題指導(dǎo)間接信息題常出現(xiàn)在各種文體中，會(huì)涉及各個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容。解此類試題常用“同義表達(dá)”法。該類題的特點(diǎn)是試題題干或選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)通常使用同義詞或近義詞甚至反義詞來(lái)替換文中的相關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)信息,例如,使用conduct對(duì)文中的carryout進(jìn)行同義轉(zhuǎn)換,用finally對(duì)文中的eventual進(jìn)行同義轉(zhuǎn)換。間接細(xì)節(jié)理解題的解題關(guān)鍵：信息題的核心關(guān)鍵是識(shí)別同義句表達(dá)。目前高考中直接讀出答案的細(xì)節(jié)理解題占的比重越來(lái)越少，很多情況下是對(duì)文章命題出處語(yǔ)句的不同程度的改寫(xiě)，因此，要想準(zhǔn)確定位就要識(shí)別同義句表達(dá)。最常用的方法是：1.采用同義詞改寫(xiě)選項(xiàng)或題干；2.用反義詞改寫(xiě)選項(xiàng)或題干，采用正話反說(shuō)的方式；3.采用相關(guān)句式改寫(xiě)。改寫(xiě)類別：1.改寫(xiě)閱讀理解的題干。把題干中的關(guān)鍵詞通常采用同義詞的手段改寫(xiě)為同義句，這時(shí)，我們要找到文章中的同義詞進(jìn)行定位。2.改寫(xiě)閱讀理解中的選項(xiàng)。閱讀理解問(wèn)題中的選項(xiàng)很大程度上不是文章定位中的原句，大多采用了同義句表達(dá)的形式。識(shí)別選項(xiàng)中與原文定位中的同義句是選出正確答案的關(guān)鍵。解題思路高考模擬新題練時(shí)間：30分鐘滿分：50分得分：__________1.（2025·河北省保定市高三一模）Whenyouheartheterm“classicalmusic,”doyouthinkofaneasy-listeningradiobackgroundorpassionsdeeplyconnectingwithyoursoul?Asamusiceducator,Iadvocate“consciouslistening”toclassicalmusicthatisripeforfun,creativeassociations.Thefirststeptoaconsciouslisteningexperienceislearningmindfulness:beingfullyattentiveinthemoment.Mindfulnessismorethanlettingthesoundwashoverus;it’saboutopeninguptothebigpicturewithanonjudgmentalmind,whichinthelongtermenhancesourcapacityforcomplexconceptsandproblem-solving,leadingtobetterjudgmentanddecisions.Findingmindfulnessintheeverydayisnotalwayseasy.Anaudiencememberwhisperingorflippingpagesfromabookletduringaliveperformancecanthrowthemusiciansoffandfrustrateothers.Noisepollutionandsocialmediaalsocreateanunderlyingdisturbancetoourlisteningpowersthatcanthreatenourhealth,graduallyincreasingouranxietyandemotionaldisconnection.Breathworkisoneofthemostcommonmethodsofcultivatingmindfulness.Abetterwaytoeaseinistofirstengageemotionallywithrichmusic.Then,allowtheflowofenergytoleadtotensionandrelease,creatinganticipationandthenfulfillingit,naturallycausinginhales(吸氣)andexhalesaftermultiplelistens.Thisisexactlywhatlisteningtomusicalharmonydoes.Researchshowsthatmusicpleasureemergesfromtheinteractionbetweenouranticipation