閱讀理解說明文+議論文（解析版）-譯林版高二英語上學(xué)期期中考點

專題13閱讀理解說明文+議論文

01.（2023春?江蘇鹽城?高二鹽城市第一中學(xué)校聯(lián)考期中）

Everbeenhungryenoughtoeatahouse?Now,youactuallycould.

FoodwasteisabigprobleminJapanandglobally.Japanproducedaround5.7milliontonsoffoodwastein

2019.Thegovernmentplanstoreducethatbyaround2.7milliontonsby2030.TokyoUniversityresearchersKota

MachidaandYuyaSakaihavedevelopedawaytotransformfoodwasteintocement（水泥）forconstructionuse

andmore.Thisisthefirst-everprocesscreatedformakingcemententirelyfromfoodwaste.Theresearcherssay

theirproductisfourtimesasstrongastraditionalconcrete.Thisparticularcementcanbeusedtomakethingslike

teacupsorchairsaswell.However,there?soneadditionalfeature——ifsalsoeatable.

KotaandYuyaaretheintelligencebehindtheformationofFabulaInc.,acompanywithpurposesofreducing

foodwaste,andhelpingfightglobalwarming.Asexpected,somethingthisuniquetookyearstodevelop.Ittooka

fewattemptstofindjusttherightprocess.KotaandYuyacreatedtheuniquetechnologywhileresearchingpossible

environment-friendlymaterialstoreplacecement-basedconcrete.Cementproductionaccountsfor8%ofthe

world'scarbondioxiderelease.

Afterafewfailures,theyrealizedtheycouldgetthecementtobind（黏合）byadjustingthetemperatures.

“Themostchallengingpartwasthateachtypeoffoodwasterequiresdifferenttemperatures,9,Yuyasaid.Sothe

researchershadtoobservethemandrespondintime.Intheexperiments,KotaandYuyahavesuccessfullymade

cementusingtealeaves,coffeegrounds,cabbageandevenlunchboxleftovers.

FabulaInc.iscurrentlyworkingtomaketeacupsandfurniture,butYuyaisthinkingalittlebitbigger.Their

productcouldprovidereliefintheformofeatableemergencysheltersindisasterones."Forexample,iffood

cannotbedeliveredtothepeople,theycouldeatmakeshiftbedsmadeoutoffoodcement,9,hesaid.Toeatthe

material,apersonneedstobreakitapartandboilit.

1.Whafsmainlytalkedaboutinparagraph1and2?

A.Thefunctionsofthisparticularcement.

B.Theeffectsoffoodwasteinthewholeworld.

C.Thecharacteristicsofthenewlymadecement.

D.Theprocessoftransformingfoodwastetocement.

2.WhichisoneofKotaandYuya'spurposesinmakinguseoffoodwaste?

A.Tohandleglobalclimatechange.

B.Toextendconcrete'sservicelife.

C.ToofferFabulaInc.morecement.

D.Towarnhowseriousfoodwasteis.

3.Whatmadetheexperimentofmakingcementoutoffoodwasteharder?

A.Makingsuretomakecementtasty.

B.Selectingcorrectfoodwastetimely.

C.Gettingcementbrokenaparteasily.

D.Adjustingthetemperaturesconstantly.

4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"makeshift“inthelastparagraphmean?

A.bendable.B.commercial.C.recyclable.D.temporary.

【答案】1.C2.A3.D4.D

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一種用糧食垃圾制造的一種新型可以食用的水泥。

1.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段中"Thisisthefirst-everprocesscreatedformakingcemententirelyfromfoodwaste.

Theresearcherssaytheirproductisfourtimesasstrongastraditionalconcrete.Thisparticularcementcanbeused

tomakethingsliketeacupsorchairsaswell.However,there?soneadditionalfeature-it'salsoeatable.（這是第

一個完全從食物垃圾中制造水泥的過程。研究人員表示，他們的產(chǎn)品的強度是傳統(tǒng)混凝土的四倍。這種特

殊的水泥也可以用來制作茶杯或椅子之類的東西。然而，它還有一個額外的特點——它也是可以吃的。）”

可知，這兩段主要討論了新制水泥的特點。故選C項。

2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中"KotaandYuyaaretheintelligencebehindtheformationofFabulaInc.,acompany

withpurposesofreducingfoodwaste,andhelpingfightglobalwarming.（Kota和Yuya是Fabula公司成立背后的

智慧，這家公司的宗旨是減少食物浪費，幫助對抗全球變暖。）”可知，Kota和Yuya利用食物垃圾是為了應(yīng)

對全球氣候變化。故選A項。

3.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中"Themostchallengingpartwasthateachtypeoffoodwasterequiresdifferent

temperatures.（最具挑戰(zhàn)性的部分是每種食物垃圾需要不同的溫度。戶可知，需要不斷調(diào)節(jié)溫度讓從食物垃圾

中制造水泥的實驗變得更加困難。故選D項。

4.詞句猜測題。劃線詞句前文“Theirproductcouldprovidereliefintheformofeatableemergencysheltersin

disasterones.（他們的產(chǎn)品可以在災(zāi)難中以可食用的緊急避難所的形式提供救濟說明他們的產(chǎn)品可以用作

臨時緊急避難所，從而推知劃線詞句“Forexample,iffoodcannotbedeliveredtothepeople,theycouldeat

makeshiftbedsmadeoutoffoodcement.（例如,如果食物不能送到人們手中，他們可以吃用食品水泥做成的

makeshift床。）”其中劃線詞匯意思為“臨時的，暫時的“，即：如果賑災(zāi)食品不能及時到位，被困人員可以吃

食品水泥做成的臨時床救急，故選D項。

02.（2023春?江蘇宿遷?高二統(tǒng)考期中）

ErinAlexander'ssister-in-lawrecentlydied,andshewashavingahardday.Abarista（咖啡師）wassadtoo

becausehismachinehadbrokendown.Erinorderedanicedgreentea,andtoldhimtocheerup.Afterpickingup

herorder,shenoticedamessageonthecup:"Erin,yoursoulisgolden”,thebaristahadalsoscrawled（畫）aheart

nexttoit.'Tmevennotsurewhat'yoursoulisgolden9means,saidErin,wholaughedandcriedwhilerecalling

theincident.Butthewarmthofthatsmallandunexpectedgesture,fromthebaristawhodidn'tknowwhatshewas

goingthrough,movedherdeeply.ctOfcourse,Iwasstillreallysad,“Erinsaid."Butthatlittlethingmadetherestof

myday.”

Newfindings,publishedintheJournalofExperimentalPsychology,confirmjusthowpowerfulexperiences

likeErin'scanbe.Researchersfoundthatpeoplewhoperformarandomactofkindnesstendtounderestimatehow

muchthereceiverswillappreciateit.Andtheybelieveitcouldpreventmanyofusfromdoingnicethingsfor

othersmoreoften.

Arecentstudycomprisedeightsmallexperimentsthatvariedindesignandparticipants.Inoneexperiment,

peopleweretoldtheycouldgiveacupcakeawaytostrangers,andwereaskedtoratetheirownmoodaswellas

howtheybelievedthereceiverswouldfeel.Theresearchersfoundthatthosewhogotacupcakeasaresultofa

randomactofkindnessfeltbetterthanthepersononthegivingendthoughttheywould."Peopletendtothinkthat

whattheyaregivingislittle,9,Dr.Kumar,anassistantprofessorofmarketingandpsychologyattheUniversityof

Texas,Austin,said."Butreceiversconsiderthegesturetobesignificantlymoremeaningfulbecausetheyarealso

thinkingaboutthefactthatsomeonedidsomethingniceforthem.^^

Ifyouarenotalreadyinthehabitofperformingrandomkindacts-orifitdoesnotcomenaturallytoyou一

MarisaFranco,apsychologist,advisedtostartbythinkingaboutwhatyouHketodo."It'snotaboutyoubeing

liked,4Ohman,nowIhavetolearnhowtobakecookiesinordertobenice9.Ifsabout:Whatskillsandtalentsdo

youalreadyhave?Andhowcanyouturnthatintoanofferingforotherpeople?”

5.WhydoesthewritermentionErin'sexperienceinParagraph1?

A.Tointroducethetopic.

B.Toshowthepowerofkindness.

C.Topraisetherandomactsofkindness.

D.Toprovidesomebackgroundinformationonthestudy.

6.Howwasthestudycarriedout?

A.Bystatingthefacts.B.Bylistingexamples.

C.Byanalyzingstatistics.D.Bycomparingthefeelings.

7.WhatshouldpeopledoaccordingtoMarisaFranco?

A.Dowhateveryouliketodo.B.Learnhowtobakecookies.

C.Dowhatyoucantohelpothers.D.Trytogainsomenewskillsandtalents.

8.Whatmessagedoesthepassageconvey?

A.Wellbegunishalfdone.B.Onegoodturndeservesanother.

C.Practicekindnesshoweverlittleitis.D.Nothingisimpossibleforawillingheart.

【答案】5.A6.D7.C8.C

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一項研究表明隨機做出善意舉動的人往往會低估接受者的感激程

度，因此建議我們運用自己所能去幫助他人。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Butthewarmthofthatsmallandunexpectedgesture,fromthebaristawhodidn't

knowwhatshewasgoingthrough,movedherdeeply.tcOfcourse,Iwasstillreallysad,“Erinsaid."Butthatlittle

thingmadetherestofmyday.?,（,那個不知道她正在經(jīng)歷什么的咖啡師，用一個小小的、意想不到的舉

動表達的溫暖深深地打動了她。Erin說：“當(dāng)然，我還是很難過。但那件小事讓我度過了余下的一天。“）”

和第二段開頭的“Newfindings,publishedintheJournalofExperimentalPsychology,confirmjusthowpowerful

experienceslikeErin'scanbe.（發(fā)表在《實驗心理學(xué)雜志》上的新發(fā)現(xiàn)證實了像Erin這樣的經(jīng)歷有多么強大。）“

可知，第一段中Erin的經(jīng)歷表明了不經(jīng)意的友善的舉動可以給接受者帶來巨大的觸動，第二段開始引入本

文的主體內(nèi)容：一項針對這種不經(jīng)意的友善的舉動的研究。由此可知，作者在第一段中提到Erin的經(jīng)歷是

為了介紹話題。故選A項。

6.推理判題。根據(jù)第三段中“Inoneexperiment,peopleweretoldtheycouldgiveacupcakeawaytostrangers,and

wereaskedtoratetheirownmoodaswellashowtheybelievedthereceiverswouldfeel.Theresearchersfound

thatthosewhogotacupcakeasaresultofarandomactofkindnessfeltbetterthanthepersononthegivingend

thoughttheywould.（在一項實驗中，人們被告知他們可以把一個紙杯蛋糕送給陌生人，并被要求評價自己

的情緒以及他們認為接受者的感受。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些因為隨機的善舉而得到紙杯蛋糕的人感覺比給予

的人想象的要好。）”可知，在該研究中，送紙杯蛋糕的人的感受、他們認為的接受者的感受會和接受者真

實的感受被進行比較。由此可知，實驗通過比較感受進行。故選D項。

7.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中"It'sabout:Whatskillsandtalentsdoyoualreadyhave?Andhowcanyouturn

thatintoanofferingforotherpeople?（它是關(guān)于：你已經(jīng)擁有哪些技能和才能？你怎么能把它變成對別人的

奉獻？）“可知，MarisaFranco建議人們運用自己已有的能力和技能去幫助他人。故選C項。

8.主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章介紹了一項研究表明隨機做出善意舉動的人往往會低估接受者的感激

程度，因此無論善意有多微小，我們都可以運用自己所能去幫助他人。因此，C項“無論多么微小，都踐行

善意”符合文章主旨。故選C項。

03.（2023春?江蘇宿遷?高二統(tǒng)考期中）

Peoplewithdyslexia（閱讀障礙）havebrainsthataresuitableforexploringtheunknown,atraitthafsbeen

importanttothesurvivalandsuccessofhumans.Dyslexiashouldbeconsideredadifference,notadisorder,

researchersattheUniversityofCambridgesay.Thisisprovedbystudiesthatshowpeoplewithdyslexiahave

specialbrainstoexploretheunknownandthinkintermsofthebiggerpicture.

Thestrengthsofthedyslexicbraincouldhaveevolvedashumansadaptedtochangingculture.Tosurvive,we

neededtolearnskillsandacquirehabits,butwealsoneededtobecreativeandfindnewsolutionsthrough

exploration.Inthenewstudy,theresearcherssaysomepeoplespecializedintakingadvantageoflearned

information,whileothersfocusedondiscoveryandinvention.

Studieshaveshownthatpeoplewithdyslexiaarelessefficientatprocedurallearningthannon-dyslexicpeople,

saidTaylor,whostudiescognitionandhumanevolution.'"Learningtoread,writeorplaythepianoareallskillsthat

aredependentonproceduralmemory;oncelearned,theskillscanbeprocessedautomaticallyandrapidly,9,Taylor

added.

Dyslexiahaslongbeenviewedasnegative.Ithasbeencalledadevelopmentaldisorder,learningdisabilityor

learningdifficulty.Instead,thedistinctionbetweendyslexicandnon-dyslexicbrainsshouldbeframedsimplyasa

difference,saidTaylor."Weallpossessdifficultiesinareasthatareotherpeople'sstrengths.Ifsjustunfortunate

thatinthecaseofpeoplewithdyslexiatheirdifficultiesarecontinuallyhighlighted,partlyduetothenatureof

educationandalsototheimportanceofreadingandwritinginourculture.^^

Inreframingdyslexiaasadifference,societycanbenefitfrommoreinnovativesolutions.It'simportantto

emphasizethatpeoplewithdyslexiastillfacealotofdifficulties,butthedifficultiesexistbecauseofthe

environmentandanemphasisonrotelearningandreadingandwriting.Instead,wecouldnurture"explorative

learning?一learningthroughdiscovery,invention,andcreativity,whichwouldworkmoretotheirstrengths.

9.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

A.Peopleshouldseedyslexiaasadisorder,notadifference.

B.Peoplewithdyslexiaarespecializedtoexploretheunknown.

C.Peoplewithoutdyslexiaareweakinusinglearnedinformation.

D.Acquiringskillsandhabitsisnecessaryforpeoplewithdyslexia.

10.WhichofthefollowingskillsisNOTdependentonproceduralmemory?

A.Recitingapoem.B.Writingasong.

C.Readinganarticle.D.Playingthepiano.

11.Whatshouldwedotoreframedyslexiaasadifference?

A.Promotelearninginanexplorativeway.

B.Valuereadingandwritinginourculture.

C.Stressrotelearning,readingandwriting.

D.Focusonthedifficultiespeoplewithdyslexiahave.

12.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?

A.Dyslexia:amustforcreativity.B.Reframingdyslexia:adifficulty.

C.Peoplewithdyslexia:potentialinventors.D.Dyslexiabrains:akeytosurvive.

【答案】9.B10.A11.A12.C

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了研究表明患有閱讀障礙的人擅長探索未知事物，我們應(yīng)將閱讀障

礙重新定義為一種差異，通過推動探索性學(xué)習(xí)去解決這類人群的困難，發(fā)揮他們的優(yōu)勢。

9.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一、二段內(nèi)容，尤其是第一段中“Peoplewithdyslexia（閱讀障礙）havebrainsthatare

suitableforexploringtheunknown,atraitthafsbeenimportanttothesurvivalandsuccessofhumans.（患有閱讀

障礙的人的大腦適合探索未知，這一特征對人類的生存和成功非常重要）”可知，患有閱讀障礙的人擅長探索

未知事物。故選B項。

10.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中Taylor的話“Learningtoread,writeorplaythepianoareallskillsthatare

dependentonproceduralmemory（學(xué)習(xí)閱讀、寫作或彈鋼琴都是依賴于程序記憶的技能）”可知，閱讀文章、寫

歌、彈鋼琴的技能都依賴于程序記憶，背誦詩歌不依賴于程序記憶。故選A項。

11.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Instead,wecouldnurture"explorativelearning9-learningthroughdiscovery,

invention,andcreativity,whichwouldworkmoretotheirstrengths』相反，我們可以培養(yǎng)“探索性學(xué)習(xí)”通過

發(fā)現(xiàn)、發(fā)明和創(chuàng)造來學(xué)習(xí)，這將更能發(fā)揮他們的優(yōu)勢）”可知，將閱讀障礙重新定義為一種差異需要我們推動

探索性的學(xué)習(xí)，發(fā)揮患有閱讀障礙的人的優(yōu)勢。故選A項。

12.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中“Peoplewithdyslexia（閱讀障礙）havebrainsthataresuitableforexploringthe

unknown,atraitthat'sbeenimportanttothesurvivalandsuccessofhumans.（患有閱讀障礙的人的大腦適合探索

未知，這一特征對人類的生存和成功非常重要）”及下文介紹可知，文章主要介紹了研究表明患有閱讀障礙的

人擅長探索未知事物，善于發(fā)明與創(chuàng)造，因此我們應(yīng)將閱讀障礙重新定義為一種差異。由此可知，項“有閱

讀障礙的人：潛在的發(fā)明家”符合文章大意。故選C項。

04.（2023春?江蘇揚州?高二統(tǒng)考期中）

Nowadays,insteadofscrolling（滾屏）throughappslikeTikTokandInstagramalldayonasmartphone,many

peoplebegintouseaso-called"dumbphone“accordingtothelatestreport,andseventeen-year-oldRobinWestis

oneofthem.

Dumbphonesarebasicdevices,withverylimitedfunctionalitycomparedtoaniPhone.Typically,youcan

onlymakeandreceivecallsandtextmessages.Andifyouarelucky,youcanalsolistentotheradioandtakevery

basicphotos,butdefinitelyyoucannotconnecttotheInternetorapps.

RobinWesfsdecisiontoridhimselfoftheformersmartphonetwoyearsagowasoutofasuddenurge.4tI

didn'tnoticehowmuchasmartphonewastakingovermylifeuntilIboughtadumbphone.Ihadalotofsocial

mediaappsonit,andIdidn'tgetmuchworkdoneasIwasalwaysonmyphone.^^Hesaidthathewouldneverbuy

anothersmartphone.acIdon'tthinkmydumbphonelimitsme;I'mdefinitelymoreactive,9,headded.

Outdatedforawhilewiththeappearanceofsmartphones,dumbphonesarenowregainingpopularity.A2021

studysaidthatoneintenmobilephoneusersintheUKhadadumbphone."'Manyofusoncehadadumbphoneas

ourfirstmobilephoneandTikTokvideosremindusofthat,soifsnaturalthatwefeelasenseofnostalgia（懷舊）

towardstheseclassicmarkers,whichhaveaparttoplayindumbphones5revival（再流行）,“saidamobileexpert.

OnemakerofdumbphonesisTheLightPhone.Slightlyclevererthanthenormforsuchproducts,ithas

handsetsthatdoallowuserstolistentomusicandpodcasts,andconnectbyBluetoothtoheadphones.Yetthefirm

promisedthatitsphones“willneverhavesocialmediaclickbaitnews,emailorawebbrowser".

Lightco-fbunder,KaiweiTang,saysthat,surprisingly,thefirm'smaincustomersareagedbetween25and35.

Hesayshewasexpectingbuyerstobemucholder.Techexpert,Prof.SandraWachter,saysitisunderstandablethat

someofusarelookingforsimplermobilephones.'"Smartphonesalwayswanttograbourattentionwithupdates,

breakingnewsandthelikeconstantlydisrupting（擾舌L）ourday.”

13.WhatdoesRobinWestprobablyfailtodoonhisdumbphone?

A.Makeacalltohisfriend.

B.Haveaccesstotheradio.

C.Storephotosinthealbum.

D.Visitsocialnetworkingpages.

14.Whydomanypeoplestarttousedumbphonesaccordingtothemobileexpert?

A.Theyareveryeasytooperate.

B.Theycanimpactpeople'slife.

C.Theycomeintofashionagain.

D.Theymakepeoplerecallolddays.

15.WhafsProf.SandraWachter9sattitudetowardspeople'susingdumbphones?

A.Flexible.B.Supportive.C.Confused.D.Doubtful.

16.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Thereturnofdumbphones

B.Thepopularityofsmartphones

C.Themarketingstrategiesofphones

D.Theintensecompetitionbetweenphones

【答案】13.D14.D15.B16.A

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹的是目前越來越多的人選擇使用只有基本功能的簡易手機（dumb

phone）并分析了出現(xiàn)這一現(xiàn)象的原因。

13.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的"Typically,youcanonlymakeandreceivecallsandtextmessages.Andifyou

arelucky,youcanalsolistentotheradioandtakeverybasicphotos,butdefinitelyyoucannotconnecttothe

Internetorapps.（通常情況下，你只能接打電話和發(fā)短信。如果幸運的話，你還可以聽收音機，拍一些基本的

照片，但絕對不能連接互聯(lián)網(wǎng)或應(yīng)用程序。）”可知，簡易手機（dumbphone）只有基本手機功能，不能連網(wǎng)，

也就不能訪問社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)頁面。故選D項。

14.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的""ManyofusoncehadadumbphoneasourfirstmobilephoneandTikTok

videosremindusofthat,soit'snaturalthatwefeelasenseofnostalgia（懷舊）towardstheseclassicmarkers,

whichhaveaparttoplayindumbphones'revival（再流行）,"saidamobileexpert.（一名移動電話專家表示：“我

們很多人的第一部手機都曾是啞手機，TikTok視頻提醒我們這一點，所以我們很自然地對這些經(jīng)典標(biāo)記產(chǎn)

生了懷舊感，它們在啞手機的復(fù)興中起到了一定作用”。廣可知，根據(jù)手機專家，人們曾使用過簡易手機，

現(xiàn)在對這些手機懷舊是很自然的，這也在簡易手機復(fù)興中起到很大的作用，由此可知，人們之所以使用簡

易手機是因為這樣的手機讓人們想到過去。故選D項。

15.推理判斷題。根據(jù)尾段中的"Techexpert,Prof.SandraWachter,saysitisunderstandablethatsomeofusare

lookingforsimplermobilephones.'"Smartphonesalwayswanttograbourattentionwithupdates,breakingnews

andthelikeconstantlydisrupting（擾亂）ourday.”（技術(shù)專家SandraWachter教授說，我們中的一些人在尋找更

簡單的手機是可以理解的?！爸悄苁謾C總是想通過更新、突發(fā)新聞等來吸引我們的注意力，不斷擾亂我們的

生活。）”可知，Prof.SandraWachter認為智能手機打擾了人們的生活，吸引了人們過多的注意力，所以

人們使用選擇使用簡易手機是可以理解的，由此可推斷，Prof.SandraWachter應(yīng)該是支持人們選擇使用簡易

手機。故選B項。

16.主旨大意題。根據(jù)首段“Nowadays,insteadofscrolling（滾屏）throughappslikeTikTokandInstagramallday

onasmartphone,manypeoplebegintouseaso-called“dumbphone“accordingtothelatestreport,and

seventeen-year-oldRobinWestisoneofthem.（據(jù)最新的報告，如今，許多人不再整天在智能手機上瀏覽TikTok

和Instagram等應(yīng)用程序，而是開始使用所謂的“簡易手機”，17歲的羅賓?韋斯特就是其中之一。廣可知，利

用舉例的方式導(dǎo)入本文講述的話題，最近，選擇使用簡易手機的人越來越多，結(jié)合第四段中的“Outdatedfdr

awhilewiththeappearanceofsmartphones,dumbphonesarenowregainingpopularity.（隨著智能手機的出現(xiàn)，

“簡易手機”已經(jīng)過時了一段時間，現(xiàn)在又重新流行起來。）”可知，智能手機的出現(xiàn)導(dǎo)致簡易手機過時了一段

時間，但是簡易手機現(xiàn)在再次受到歡迎，同時還分析了人們選擇簡易手機的原因，由此可知，本文的標(biāo)題

為“簡易手機回歸”符合全文的內(nèi)容、概括了文章的主題。故選A項。

05.（2023春?江蘇揚州?高二統(tǒng)考期中）

Plant-basedproductshavebeenbreakingintothefoodiemainstreamintheUnitedStates,afteryearsinwhich

vegan（素食的）burgersandmilkalternativesknockedonthemarkefsdoor.Thatispartlybecausemorecompanies

aretargetingpeoplewhoseektoreducetheamountofmeattheyeat,ratherthanforswearitaltogether.

Now,asfishalternativesbegintoattractinvestmentandlandatrestaurantsintheUnitedStatesandbeyond,

peoplewhotrackthefishlessfishsectorsaythatitcouldachievesignificantgrowth.

Onereason,theysay,isthatconsumersinrichcountriesarebecomingmoreawareoftheseafoodindustry's

environmentalproblems,includingoverfishingandthehealthrisksofsomeseafood.Anotheristhattoday's

plant-basedcompaniesdoabetterjobofapproachingfishflavorthanearlieronesdid-animportantconsideration

fornon-vegetarians（非素食者）.

“Thereareanumberofpeoplealreadylookingatalternativehamburgers,9,saidJoshuaKatz,ananalystatthe

consultingfirmMcKinseywhohasstudiedthealt-protein（替代蛋白）industry.t4Youmightactuallysay,61should

workonsomethingelse/Andseafoodisstillamassivemarketwithconvincingreasonstoworkon.^^Peoplewho

reducetheirconsumptionofanimalproteinsforenvironmentalreasonsoftenstopeatingredmeat,whichrequires

enormousamountsoflandandwatertofarm.

Butalt-fishadvocatessaythatseafoodalsocomeswithenvironmentalproblems.Unsustainablefishing

practiceshavedestroyedfisheries（魚湯）inrecentdecades,aproblembothforbiodiversityandthemillionsof

peoplewhodependontheseaforincomeandfood.

“It'ssimplyasmarterwaytomakeseafood,9,saysMirteGosker,theactingmanagingdirectoroftheGood

FoodInstituteAsia-Pacific,anonprofitadvocacygroupthatpromotesalternativeproteins.t6Fullstop."

Sofarplant-basedseafoodproductsintheUnitedStatesaccountforonly0.1percentofthecountry'sseafood

sales,lessthan1.4percentoftheU.S.meatmarketoccupiedbyplant-basedmeatalternatives.Butalt-seafood

enterprisesworldwidereceivedatleast$83millionfrominvestorsin2020,comparedwith$1millionthreeyears

earlier.AsofthisJune,83companieswereproducingalt-seafoodproductsaroundtheworld,anearlythreefoldrise

since2017.Allbut18ofthose83companiesfocusonplant-basedproducts.Adozenothersaredeveloping

lab-grownseafood,whichisnotyetcommerciallyavailableinanycountry.

17.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"forswear“inparagraph1probablymean?

A.Sample.B.Consume.C.Produce.D.Abandon.

18.Whichaspectofseafooddonon-vegetariansfocuson?

A.Thehealthrisks.B.Theproteinintake.

C.Thetasteandmouthfeel.D.Theoverfishingproblem.

19.WhatisMirteGosker'stonewhenhesays"Fullstop“inparagraph6?

A.Determined.B.Concerned.C.Humorous.D.Enthusiastic.

20.Whatdothefiguresinthelastparagraphmainlyshow?

A.Seafoodcompaniesarestruggling.

B.Plant-basedmeatproductswillbeatrend.

C.Alt-seafoodproductshaveapromisingfuture.

D.Seafoodwillbecommerciallyavailablesoon.

【答案】17.D18.C19.A20.C

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了植物性產(chǎn)品已成為美國素食家的主流食物替代品，逐漸敲開了市場

的大門。

17.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞所在句子“Thatispartlybecausemorecompaniesaretargetingpeoplewhoseekto

reducetheamountofmeattheyeat,ratherthanforswearitaltogether.（這在一定程度上是因為越來越多的公司

瞄準了那些試圖減少肉類攝入量的人，而不是完全—肉類）”可知此處劃線單詞和前面的動詞reduce相呼

應(yīng)，表示肉類的攝入是減少而不是“完全放棄”，因此第一段中帶下劃線的單詞的意思是“D.Abandon放棄”,

故選Do

18.細節(jié)理解題。文章第三段講至r'Anotheristhattoday'splant-basedcompaniesdoabetterjobofapproaching

fishflavorthanearlieronesdid-animportantconsiderationfornon-vegetarians俳素食者）.（另一個原因是，與

早期相比，今天的植物性公司在接近魚類風(fēng)味方面做得更好，這是非素食者要考慮的一個重因素）”可知，非

素食主義者關(guān)注海鮮的味道和口感方面。故選C。

19.推理判斷題。文章第四段講到"Peoplewhoreducetheirconsumptionofanimalproteinsforenvironmental

reasonsoftenstopeatingredmeat,whichrequiresenormousamountsoflandandwatertofarm.（由于環(huán)境原因減

少動物蛋白消費的人通常會停止食用紅肉，因為紅肉需要大量的土地和水來耕種。）”以及第六段講到“I"

simplyasmarterwaytomakeseafood（這只是一種更聰明的海鮮制作方法）“可知MirteGoskei?認為這種海鮮制

作方法是可行的，因此第六段中說“到此為止，不必多說”時的語氣是堅定的，故選A。

20.推理判斷題。文章最后一段講到"AsofthisJune,83companieswereproducingalt-seafoodproductsaround

theworld,anearlythreefoldrisesince2017.Allbut18ofthose83companiesfocusonplant-basedproducts.（截至

今年6月，全球有83家公司生產(chǎn)另類海鮮產(chǎn)品，自2017年以來增長了近三倍。在這83家公司中，除18

家外，其余都專注于植物性產(chǎn)品。戶可知，最后一段的數(shù)字主要表明了替代海鮮產(chǎn)品前景光明，故選C。

06.（2022秋?江蘇揚州?高二揚州大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)校考期中）

Therearesome7,000languagesspokenworldwide,eachunique,usingdifferentsounds,vocabulariesand

structures.CharlestheGreatsaid:"Tohaveasecondlanguageistohaveasecondsoul."Thisbegsthequestion:

Doesthelanguagewespeakshapewhoweare?Asitturnsout,yes.

InsocietiessuchastheUnitedStatesorWesternEurope,self-expressionandlanguageprecisionarevalued.

Asiancultures,ontheotherhand,preferanindirectformofcommunication.Wordslike"perhaps"and"maybe”are

usedmorethan"yes"or"no”.Americanismtakesaninformalapproachtocommunication.Therefore,ifsOKto

refertoastrangerorthebossas"you”.However,theThailanguagehas12formsofthesamepronoun,choosing

onedependsonstatus.Inthisway,languagesareessentialinleadinganyculture,bethatourownorotherwise.

Peoplewhospeakdifferentlanguagesnoticedifferentthings,dependingontheconstructsoftheirmother

tongue.Takeanaccident.InEnglish,it'sOKtosay:"Shebroketheglass."ButinalanguagelikeSpanish,you'd

probablygowith:"Theglassbroke."Thesameincidentproducestwodifferentresponses.Englishspeakerswill

rememberwho'satfault,becausetheirlanguageasksthemto,whileSpanishspeakersaremorelikelytoremember

itwasanaccident.Thishasrealconsequences,especiallywhenitcomestocrimeandpunishment.

ProfessorJimCumminshaswrittenextensivelyonmothertongues.ForCummins,thestrongerourhome

language,theeasieritisforustolearnothers.Ofcourse,researchalsoshowsthatbeingbilingualgivespeople

manyadvantagesinlife.LinguistJulienLeyrewritesthatlearninganotherlanguagedevelopsourabilityto

4(understandthementalworldofanotherperson,basedonthelanguagetheyuse,andhowthatworldisdifferent

fromourown.^^

Ourmothertongueiscentraltohowwethink,whatweknowandwhoweare.Likeus,languagesareliving

thingsthatchangeovertimeandmustbecaredfortosurvive.Bydoingso,weprotectnotjustthelinguistic

structuresorvocabulariesweuse,buttheculture,knowledgeandpowerbehindthem.

21.Whydoestheauthormention“Americanism"and"theThailanguage^^inParagraph2?

A.Totelltheculturaldifferencesbetweenthem.

B.Toindicatealanguageisaguidetoaculture.

C.TostressAmericanexpressionsareinformal.

D.Torevealalanguageisassociatedwithstatus.

22.HowwillEnglishspeakers5reacttoanaccident?

A,Theywillseekblame.B.Theywillpunishothers.

C.Theywillavoidresponsibility.D.Theywilldrawalessonfromit.

23.WhatdoesJulienLeyrethinkaboutbilinguals?

A.Theyenjoyamorecolorfullife.B.Theycanremainmentallyhealthy.

C.Theyfinditeasiertole