遼寧省鞍山市2024-2025學(xué)年高三下學(xué)期第一次月考英語試題【含答案解析】

2024—2025學(xué)年度下學(xué)期月考高三英語時間：120分鐘滿分：150分第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A．￡19.15.B．￡9.18.C．￡9.15.答案是C.1．Howmuchdidthemawpayforthedictionary?A．S20.B．S30.C．S40.2．Whydoesthemanapologizetothewoman?A．Hepressedthewrongbutton.B．HedroppedheriPad.C．Hebrokeherpurse.3．WhatcanweinferaboutElsa?A．Sheisunconfidentaboutherjob.B．ShewillmakegreatereffortsC．Shehasgotajobpromotion.4．Whatisthewomandoing?A．Daydreaming.B．Makingatravelplan.C．Describingherdreamjob.5．Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodo?A．Gototheoffice.B．Keepcalling.C．Tryonlinebooking.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6．WhatisPetedoingnow?A．Washingthedishes.B．Pickingapples.C．Makingpies.7．WhatisPetelike?A．Forgetful.B．Nervous.C．Considerate.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8．Howdoesthemanfeel?A．Delighted.B．Upset.C．Relieved.9．Whatsuggestiondoesthemantake?A．Gettingaprivatebathroom.B．Usinghisparents’bathroom.C．Makingaschedulewithhissister.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10．WhatdoesSallyvaluemostaboutafter-schoolactivities?A．Learningnewskills.B．Openingupnewhorizons.C．Helpinggethighergradesatschool.11．WhatbenefitdoesJasongetfromdoingvoluntarywork?A．He’sdevelopedhisinterest.B．Heisemployedbyalawfirm.C．He’sgotexperienceforhisfuturecareer.12．WhydoesSallygototheschoolsportscenter?A．Tomakefriends.B．Toorganizegames.C．Topassthetime.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13．Whotookthemantothehospital?A．Hiswife.B．Astranger.C．Aneighbour.14．Whatdoesthemanprobablydo?A．Acook.B．Awaiter.C．Asalesman.15．Whydoesthewomanmentionheraccident?A．Tocomforttheman.B．Tomakenice.C．Toexpresshersorrow.16．Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?A．Stayinbedfor8weeks.B．Neverridehismotorbike.C．Takehisinjuryseriously.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17．Whendidtheincidenthappen?A．OnFriday.B．OnSaturday.C．OnSunday.18．Whatproblemdidthewhaleface?A．Shewasdraggedontoaship.B．Shewascaughtbysomedivers.C．Shewastrappedinafishingnet.19．Whatdidthewhaledoshortlyaftersheregainedfreedom?A．Sherestedforawhile.B．Shestruggledallthetime.C．Sheswamawayimmediately.20．Whatisthespeaker?A．Ahost.B．Aswimmer.C．Asailor.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項A、B、C和D中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AAreyoureadytounlockyourfullcareerpotential?Explorethedetailsofeachcoursebelowtofindyourrightfit.EliteOnlineWhetheryou’reexploringwhattodonextoryou’vealreadyidentifiedarole,thiscourseisstructuredtohelpyoutakepracticalstepstowardyourcareer.Itusesadesignthinkingapproachtohelppeopleofanyageandacademicbackground.Itconsistsof5career-orientedconcepts,explainedthroughvideos,personalreflections,andexercises.7weeks:2-4hoursperweek;self-pacedAUXThecourseprovidesskilldevelopmentforgraduatesastheypreparefortheirnextcareerstep.Participantswillbuildskillstopromoteleadership,runateam,manageprojects,applyteachingskillsbeyondtheclassroom,developstrategiccommunicationskillsandpreparesuccessfuljobapplicationmaterials.·7weeks:2-5hoursperweek;instructor-ledonacoursescheduleBerkUXThiscourseprovidestipsandstrategiesforlaunchingasuccessfulmusiccareerasanartist.Itcoversdevelopingyouridentity,leadingaband,planningandrecordingyourfirstindependentrecord,buildingabrand,developingbusinesspartnerships,andunderstandingthebusinesssideofmusicproduction.·4weeks:2-5hoursperweek;self-pacedUXOnlineInthiscourse,youwillfocusonthepathwaystoInternetsecuritycareersuccess.Youwilldetermineyourownincomingskills,talent,anddeepintereststoapplytowardameaningfulexplorationof32DigitalPathwaysofCybersecurity.Youwillcompleteaself-assessmenttodeterminetheessentialnextsteps.·6weeks:2-4hoursperweek;self-paced1.WhatisanadvantageofEliteOnline?A.Itprovidesdownloadablevideos. B.Itoffersthelongestlearninghours.C.Itfocusesontrainingsofdesignthinking. D.Itrequiresnospecificacademicbackground.2.WhatdoAUXandBerkUXhaveincommon?A.Theyallowaflexiblelearningpace. B.Theyaimatspecificprofessions.C.Theydevelopmanagementskills. D.Theyassesscareerpotentials.3.WhichprofessionareparticipantsinUXOnlinemostlikelytopursue?A.Networkengineering. B.Onlineteaching.C.Careerconsulting. D.Digitalmarketing.【答案】1.D2.C3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四門課程的情況?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)EliteOnline部分中“Itusesadesignthinkingapproachtohelppeopleofanyageandacademicbackground.(它使用設(shè)計思維方法來幫助任何年齡和學(xué)術(shù)背景的人)”可知，EliteOnline的優(yōu)勢是它不需要特定的學(xué)術(shù)背景。故選D。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)AUX部分中“Participantswillbuildskillstopromoteleadership,runateam,manageprojects,applyteachingskillsbeyondtheclassroom,developstrategiccommunicationskillsandpreparesuccessfuljobapplicationmaterials.(學(xué)員將學(xué)習(xí)提升領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力、管理團隊、管理項目、在課堂之外運用教學(xué)技能、發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略溝通技巧以及準(zhǔn)備成功的求職材料等技能)”以及BerkUX部分中“Itcoversdevelopingyouridentity,leadingaband,planningandrecordingyourfirstindependentrecord,buildingabrand,developingbusinesspartnerships,andunderstandingthebusinesssideofmusicproduction.(它涵蓋了發(fā)展你的身份，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)一個樂隊，計劃和錄制你的第一張獨立唱片，建立一個品牌，發(fā)展商業(yè)伙伴關(guān)系，以及理解音樂制作的商業(yè)方面)”可知，AUX和BerkUX的共同之處是都發(fā)展管理技能。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)UXOnline部分中“Inthiscourse,youwillfocusonthepathwaystoInternetsecuritycareersuccess.Youwilldetermineyourownincomingskills,talent,anddeepintereststoapplytowardameaningfulexplorationof32DigitalPathwaysofCybersecurity.(在本課程中，您將專注于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)安全職業(yè)成功的途徑。您將決定自己未來的技能、才能和興趣，以申請對網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全的32條數(shù)字途徑進行有意義的探索)”可知，UXOnline的參與者最有可能從事網(wǎng)絡(luò)工程。故選A。BRussellCassevahhasbeenobsessedwithLegossincehewas4,whenhismomlethimpickouthisfirstsetafteratriptothedoctor’soffice.Asanadult,hetookhisloveofLegostoanotherlevel:hebrokeGuinnessworldrecordsforwalkingbarefootmorethanhalfamileupanddownapathcoveredwithsharpLegobricks.Afterhisfirstworldrecord,CassevahdecidedhecoulduseLegosforgood:hequithisdayjobandbegantravelingthecountrytodeliverfreeLegostochildren’shospitalsthroughthenonprofithecreated,LittleBricksCharity.Eachyear,heusesdonationstobuyandgiveawaymorethan$120,000worthofLegosetsto29children’shospitalsnationwide.CassevahrecentlycompletedaroadtriptotheArkansasChildren’sNorthwestHospitalinSpringdale,wherehedonated$9,000worthofnewLegosetstoyoungpatients.Oneofthem,HewittKahana,wasstayinginthehospitalforhisthirdchemotherapy(化療)treatmentwhenhespottedCassevahsittingatatablecoveredwithnewLegosets.HewitthasalwaysbeenaLegofan,andhehadrecentlyfinishedbuildingaminiEgyptianpyramidathomeinbetweentreatmentsforabraintumor.WhenCassevahnoticedHewitt’sexcitement,hehandedhimaLegoGalaxyExplorersetandaskedifhecouldhelphimtobuildit.Hewittenthusiasticallysaidyes.“Cassevahwasreallycool,andbuildingLegoswithhimmademefeelhappy,”Hewittsaid.“YoucouldtellthatCassevahreallycaredaboutthekidsandwastheretobringsmilesandencouragement.ItwaswonderfultowatchhimandHewittbuildingandlaughing,”addedHewitt’smom,ChristenSluyter.“WhenIbuildwithkids,mygoalistocreatefunmemoriesandgivethemavoiceandletthemtalk.Hewittknewsomuchaboutwhathewasgoingthrough.YoucouldalsotellthatLegoswerehisescapeandjoy.Morethananything,welaughedandhadfun.Hewittknewalotaboutthebricksandeventaughtmeafewthings.MytimewithhimreinforcedmyfeelingthatI’montherightpath,”Cassevahsaid.4.WhatisthemissionofLittleBricksCharity?A.Toraisemoneyforchildrenwithcancer. B.Togiftlegostohospitalizedchildren.C.Toencouragekidstowalkonlegosbarefoot. D.Tocreateworldrecordsrelatedtolegos.5.WhatkindofpersonisCassevahaccordingtoChristenSluyter?A.Persistent. B.Caring. C.Humorous. D.Courageous.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“reinforced”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Hid. B.Hurt. C.Strengthened. D.Reduced.7Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Legos:YoungPatients’Escape B.SickKids’JoyinChildren’sHospitalsC.ALegoFan’sGreatWorldRecords D.FromWalkingonLegostoDonatingThem【答案】4.B5.B6.C7.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了羅素·卡塞瓦（RussellCassevah）從小熱愛樂高，成年后甚至創(chuàng)造了赤腳在樂高積木上行走的世界紀(jì)錄。之后，他決定用樂高做更有意義的事情，創(chuàng)建了非營利組織“小磚塊慈善機構(gòu)”（LittleBricksCharity），致力于向全國的兒童醫(yī)院捐贈樂高積木，給住院兒童帶去快樂。【4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“hequithisdayjobandbegantravelingthecountrytodeliverfreeLegostochildren’shospitalsthroughthenonprofithecreated,LittleBricksCharity(他辭去了日常工作，并開始通過他創(chuàng)立的非營利組織LittleBricksCharity，在全國各地向兒童醫(yī)院免費贈送樂高積木)”可知，Cassevah辭去了日常工作，開始通過他創(chuàng)建的非營利組織LittleBricksCharity向兒童醫(yī)院免費贈送樂高積木。因此，LittleBricksCharity的使命是給住院兒童贈送樂高積木。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段中Hewitt的媽媽ChristenSluyter所說的話“YoucouldtellthatCassevahreallycaredaboutthekidsandwastheretobringsmilesandencouragement.ItwaswonderfultowatchhimandHewittbuildingandlaughing,”addedHewitt’smom,ChristenSluyter.(“你可以看出，Cassevah非常關(guān)心這些孩子，他想給他們帶來笑容和鼓勵?？粗虷ewitt一起搭建樂高、開懷大笑，真是太好了，”Hewitt的媽媽ChristenSluyter補充道)”可知，Cassevah非常關(guān)心孩子們，并給他們帶去微笑和鼓勵。因此，可以推斷出Cassevah是一個有愛心的人。故選B。【6題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中劃線詞前面的內(nèi)容“Morethananything,welaughedandhadfun.Hewittknewalotaboutthebricksandeventaughtmeafewthings.

(最重要的是，我們笑了，玩得很開心。Hewitt知道很多關(guān)于樂高的知識，甚至還教了我一些東西)”以及劃線詞所在的句子“MytimewithhimreinforcedmyfeelingthatI’montherightpath(和他在一起的時光讓我更加reinforced自己走在了正確的道路上)”可知，Hewitt知道很多關(guān)于樂高的知識，甚至還教了Cassevah一些東西，因此與Hewitt在一起的時間加強了Cassevah覺得自己走在正確道路上的感覺。因此，可以推斷出“reinforced”在此處的意思是“加強、鞏固”，選項C“Strengthened.(增強，加強)”與其意思相近。故選C?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文文章主要講述了Cassevah從小熱愛樂高，成年后創(chuàng)造了赤腳在樂高積木上行走的世界紀(jì)錄，之后他決定用樂高做更有意義的事情，于是辭去了工作，開始通過他創(chuàng)建的非營利組織向兒童醫(yī)院捐贈樂高積木。因此，D選項“FromWalkingonLegostoDonatingThem(從在樂高上行走到捐贈它們)”符合文章標(biāo)題。故選D。CAregionofthebraincalledtheamygdala(杏仁核)isresponsibleforpowerfulemotionslikefear.Now,researchershavefoundtheregionmayalsobetoblameforovereating.ColdSpringHarborLaboratory(CSHL)ProfessorBoLihasdiscoveredagroupofneurons(神經(jīng)元)intheregionthatdrivesmicetoeatfattyorsugaryfoods—evenwhenthey’renothungry.Likemostpeople,micealsotendtofindfoodshighinfatandsugarthetastiest.Theymayenjoythesetreatsforpleasure,ratherthanforsurvival.TheneuronsLiandhiscolleaguesstudiedcausethisbehavior,calledhedonic(享樂的)eating.“Eveniftheanimalissupposedtostopeatingbecausetheyarealreadyfull,ifthoseneuronsarestillactive,theycanstilldrivethoseanimalstoeatmore,”Linotes.Whentheteamswitchedoffthespecificneurons,miceweren’tdrawntothefattyandsugaryfoodsthathadattractedthembefore.“Theyjusthappilyateandstayedhealthy,”Lisays.“Theynotonlystoppedgainingweight,butalsoseemedtobemuchhealthieroverall.”Switchingtheseneuronsoffreducedovereatingandprotectedagainstobesity.Italsoboostedtheanimals’physicalactivity,leadingtoweightlossandbetterhealth.Liandhisteamareexploringwaystocontroltheneuronsthatcausehedoniceating.Thenextstep,hesays,istomapouthowtheseneuronsrespondtodifferenttypesoffoodandseewhatmakesthemsosensitive.Hehopesthiscollaborationwillleadtonewstrategiesforeffectiveanti-obesitytherapeutics(療法).Therapeuticstargetingtheseneuronscouldleadtonewtreatmentsforobesitywithminimalsideeffects.“Themedicationscurrentlyavailabletoaidweightmanagementcancausesignificantsideeffects.So,amoretargetedapproachisneeded,”Lisays.“Identifyingthebrainneuronsthatcontrolseatingisimportantfordevelopingbettertreatmentoptionsforpeoplewhostruggletocontroltheirweight.”8.Whatdoesthestudyfocuson?A.Thecausesofbecomingoverweight. B.Theconnectionbetweenbrainandfear.C.Thelinkbetweenbrainandappetite. D.Theeffectsoffattyandsugaryfood.9.Whathappentomicewhenspecificneuronsintheamygdalaareswitchedoff?A.Theyareattractedbyfattyandsugaryproducts. B.Theyaremorelikelytobevictimsofobesity.C.Theysufferacompletelossofappetiteforfood. D.Theyincreasephysicalactivityandgetbetterhealth.10.WhatdoesProfessorBoLiwanttodonext?A.Knowmoreaboutspecificneuronsintheamygdala. B.Testnewtherapeuticsonpeoplewithobesity.C.Identifysideeffectsoftreatmentsforobesity. D.Usecurrentmethodstotreateatingdisorders.11.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.Thesignificanceofthestudy. B.Thelimitationofthestudy.C.Thechallengesofthestudy. D.Thepossiblereasonforthefinding.【答案】8.C9.D10.A11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。本文主要講述了中國科學(xué)家李波教授及其團隊的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：大腦中的杏仁核區(qū)域與食欲有關(guān)，特定神經(jīng)元會促使小鼠過度進食高脂肪或高糖食物。李教授團隊正探索控制這些神經(jīng)元的方法，以期開發(fā)出副作用更小的肥胖治療新策略?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Aregionofthebraincalledtheamygdala(杏仁核)isresponsibleforpowerfulemotionslikefear.Now,researchershavefoundtheregionmayalsobetoblameforovereating.(大腦中一個被稱為杏仁核的區(qū)域負(fù)責(zé)像恐懼這樣強烈的情緒?，F(xiàn)在，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，該地區(qū)也可能是暴飲暴食的罪魁禍?zhǔn)?”可知，研究關(guān)注的是大腦杏仁核區(qū)域與過度進食之間的關(guān)系，即大腦與食欲之間的聯(lián)系。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段中的“Switchingtheseneuronsoffreducedovereatingandprotectedagainstobesity.Italsoboostedtheanimals’physicalactivity,leadingtoweightlossandbetterhealth.(關(guān)閉這些神經(jīng)元可以減少暴飲暴食，防止肥胖。它還促進了動物的身體活動，導(dǎo)致體重減輕，更健康)”可知，當(dāng)杏仁核中的特定神經(jīng)元被關(guān)閉時，小鼠不再被高脂肪和高糖食物吸引，而且它們的身體活動增加，健康狀況得到改善。因此，選項D“Theyincreasephysicalactivityandgetbetterhealth.(它們增加身體活動并獲得更好的健康)”符合題意。故選D。【10題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段中的“Liandhisteamareexploringwaystocontroltheneuronsthatcausehedoniceating.Thenextstep,hesays,istomapouthowtheseneuronsrespondtodifferenttypesoffoodandseewhatmakesthemsosensitive.

(李和他的團隊正在探索控制導(dǎo)致享樂性進食的神經(jīng)元的方法。他說，下一步是繪制出這些神經(jīng)元對不同類型食物的反應(yīng)，看看是什么讓它們?nèi)绱嗣舾?”可知，李教授和他的團隊正在探索控制導(dǎo)致享樂性進食的神經(jīng)元的方法，下一步是繪制出這些神經(jīng)元對不同類型食物的反應(yīng)，并找出使它們?nèi)绱嗣舾械脑?。因此，選項A“Knowmoreaboutspecificneuronsintheamygdala.(了解更多關(guān)于杏仁核中特定神經(jīng)元的信息)”符合題意。故選A?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Therapeuticstargetingtheseneuronscouldleadtonewtreatmentsforobesitywithminimalsideeffects.(針對這些神經(jīng)元的治療方法可能會帶來副作用最小的肥胖新療法)”以及““Identifyingthebrainneuronsthatcontrolseatingisimportantfordevelopingbettertreatmentoptionsforpeoplewhostruggletocontroltheirweight.”(“確定控制飲食的大腦神經(jīng)元對于為控制體重而掙扎的人開發(fā)更好的治療方案非常重要?！?”可知，文章最后一段主要講述了研究的意義，即針對這些神經(jīng)元的治療可能為肥胖提供新的、副作用最小的治療方法，確定控制進食的大腦神經(jīng)元對于為那些難以控制體重的人開發(fā)更好的治療方案很重要。因此，選項A“Thesignificanceofthestudy.(研究的意義)”概括本段主要內(nèi)容。故選A。DScientistshavefoundatrigger(誘因)forsociallearninginwildanimals.Anexperimentongreattits(大山雀)haspinpointedasinglefactor—immigration—thatcancausebirdstopaycloseattentiontoothers,leadingthemtorapidlyadoptusefulbehaviors.Thestudy,conductedbyscientistsfromtheMaxPlanckInstituteofAnimalBehavior(MPI-AB)inGermany,isthefirsttoprovideexperimentalsupportofalong-heldassumptionthatimmigrantsshouldstrategicallyusesociallearning.Bycopyingthebehaviorsofothers,animalscanpotentiallyunlockresources.SoChimento,apostdoctoralresearcherattheMPI-AB,wantedtoknowiftherewasaningredientthatwouldboostsociallearning,allowinganimalstomoreefficientlyrealizeitsrewards.Usinganautomatedpuzzleboxsystemtheydeveloped,theteamdesignedanexperimenttotestthisimmigrationhypothesis.Theycreatedexperimentalsocialgroupsofwild-caughtgreattits.Eachgroupwasprovidedwitha“tutor”whichwastrainedtoaccessfoodfromapuzzleboxbyeitherpushingthedoorleftorright,sothattheirflockmateslearnedtopreferusingonesolutionoveranother.Nextcametheimmigrationevent.Right-pushingbirdsweretransferredintoaviarieswhereresidentbirdswereusingtheleft-handsolution,andviceversa(反之亦然).Notonlydidimmigrantsseethatresidentswereopeningthepuzzleboxinanewway,butinsomegroups,thenewcomersalsodiscoveredthatresidentsscoredasuperiorrewardbydoingso.What’simportantisthattheimmigrantswereblindtothefactthatthefoodrewardhadchanged.Immigrantscouldonlyknowsomethingchangedbyeitherwatchingtheresidentsusethepuzzle,orbytryingtheothersidethemselves.“Innature,animalsareoftenmovingfromoneenvironmenttoanother,soit’shelpfultohaveastrategytoremovebadbehaviorsandlearngoodbehaviorstouseinthenewplace.Ourstudyprovidedtheexperimentalevidencetoshowthatthisisalsowhathappensinreallife,”Chimentosaid.12.Whichofthefollowingmightmakegreattitscopyothers?A.Findingshelters. B.Movingplaces.C.Losingdirection. D.Makingfriends.13.Whatisthe“tutor”’sroleintheexperiment?A.Toprovidefood. B.Toassessbehaviors.C.Tomodelabehavior. D.Tomeasureintelligence.14.Whatdidtheexperimentrevealabouttheimmigrants?A.Theyignoredtheresidents’methods.B.Theyknewtherewardchangeinadvance.C.Theyobservedboththemethodandrewards.D.Theywereindifferenttotheresidents’behaviors.15.Howcansociallearningbenefitimmigrants?A.Byavoidinghuntersinthenewarea.B.Byfindingmorefoodandwaterresources.C.Byincreasingcompetitionwithotheranimals.D.Byhelpingthemadaptmorequicklytonewenvironments.【答案】12.B13.C14.C15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了通過實驗發(fā)現(xiàn)，大山雀在移民到新環(huán)境時會通過觀察和模仿當(dāng)?shù)伉B類行為，快速學(xué)習(xí)并適應(yīng)新環(huán)境中的有效覓食策略，這為動物社會學(xué)習(xí)理論提供了實驗證據(jù)?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Anexperimentongreattits(大山雀)haspinpointedasinglefactor—immigration—thatcancausebirdstopaycloseattentiontoothers,leadingthemtorapidlyadoptusefulbehaviors.(對大山雀進行的一項實驗準(zhǔn)確地指出了一個單一因素——移民——這一因素能讓鳥類更加關(guān)注其他個體，從而迅速采用有用的行為)”可知，遷移可以讓鳥類密切關(guān)注其他鳥類，從而讓它們迅速采取有用的行動，即模仿其他鳥類的行為，也就是說大山雀會因為遷徙這一因素而去模仿其他鳥類。故選B?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Theycreatedexperimentalsocialgroupsofwild-caughtgreattits.Eachgroupwasprovidedwitha“tutor”whichwastrainedtoaccessfoodfromapuzzleboxbyeitherpushingthedoorleftorright,sothattheirflockmateslearnedtopreferusingonesolutionoveranother.(他們創(chuàng)建了由野生捕獲的大山雀組成的實驗性社交小組。每個小組都配備了一位“導(dǎo)師”，這些導(dǎo)師被訓(xùn)練通過向左或向右推門來從謎箱中獲取食物，從而使它們的群體伙伴學(xué)會更傾向于使用某一種解決方案)”可知，“導(dǎo)師”是經(jīng)過訓(xùn)練以特定方式打開謎箱獲取食物的鳥，目的是讓它們的群體伙伴學(xué)習(xí)并偏好使用某一種解決方案，由此可知，“導(dǎo)師”的角色是示范行為。故選C?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句“Notonlydidimmigrantsseethatresidentswereopeningthepuzzleboxinanewway,butinsomegroups,thenewcomersalsodiscoveredthatresidentsscoredasuperiorrewardbydoingso.(遷移過來的大山雀不僅看到大鳥籠里的大山雀用新的方式打開謎盒，而且在一些小組中，遷移過來的大山雀還發(fā)現(xiàn)大鳥籠里的大山雀這樣做會獲得更高的獎勵)”可知，這些遷移過來的大山雀觀察到的既有打開謎盒的方法又有打開謎盒的獎勵。故選C?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““Innature,animalsareoftenmovingfromoneenvironmenttoanother,soit’shelpfultohaveastrategytoremovebadbehaviorsandlearngoodbehaviorstouseinthenewplace.Ourstudyprovidedtheexperimentalevidencetoshowthatthisisalsowhathappensinreallife,”Chimentosaid.(“在自然界中，動物經(jīng)常從一個環(huán)境遷移到另一個環(huán)境，因此有一套策略來摒棄不良行為并學(xué)習(xí)可以在新環(huán)境中使用的好行為是非常有幫助的。我們的研究提供了實驗證據(jù)，表明這實際上也是現(xiàn)實生活中發(fā)生的情況，”Chimento說道)”可知，社會學(xué)習(xí)可以幫助新來的動物更快地適應(yīng)新環(huán)境，去除不良行為并學(xué)習(xí)好的行為，即社會學(xué)習(xí)有利于遷移者更快地適應(yīng)新環(huán)境。故選D。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Personaldevelopmentdoesn'tjusthappen.___16___Self-developmentrequireshardwork,devotionandanever-growingskill.So，whatnewskillsdoyouneedtopowerforward?Onyourjourneytowardyourbestself,youneedtosetgoals.Thekeyisbalance:Ifyourgoalsaretoohigh,you'llgetdiscouragedwhenyoufallshort.___17___Thebetterapproachistothinkinmilestones.Ifyouwanttobeanovelist,don'tsetagoaltofinishabookinaweek.Focusongettingacoupleofpagesdoneeachday,oronwritingachaptereachweek.Thismeasurableprogressismoresustainableandfulfilling.___18___Tokeepgoingwhentimesaretough,youhavetolearnhowtomanageyourstresslevels.Iflightwalkshelpyoukeepyourheadonstraight,scheduleoneforyourlunchperiodeveryday.IfyouneedtotakeSundaysofftorechargeforthenextweek,it'smorethanacceptabletodoso.Organizationisaskillthatcomesmorenaturallytosomepeoplethanothers.Ifyou'reanaturallymessyperson,startsmall.Otherwise,you'llbeataloss.___19___Cleanupyourbedroomoryourcar.Ifphysicalcleaningisstressful,startbycuttingoutfilesfromyourcomputer.Believeitornot,onecleanspacecansetthetonefortherestofyourlife.Ontheroadofpersonaldevelopmentyou'llrunintosomebarriers.Nobodybutyoucanremovethesefromyourpath.___20___Perhapsanxietyiskeepingyoufromdoingyourbestwork.Insteadofstrugglingthroughit,quietlytakeamentalhealthday.A.Personalgrowthneedsstressmanagement.B.Focusontheplaceswhereyouspendthemosttime.C.Youcan'texpecttowakeupthenextdaywithnewskills.D.Don'tletpersonalchallengesstandinthewayofyourgrowth.E.That'swhyproblemsolvingisavitalskillforself-development.F.Youabsolutelydon'tneedtodisclosewhyyou'retakingasickday.G.Starttoosmall,andyou'llbecomesatisfiedwithyourprogresstooearly.【答案】16.C17.G18.A19.B20.E【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了個人發(fā)展所需要具備的技能?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Personaldevelopmentdoesn'tjusthappen.（個人發(fā)展不是憑空發(fā)生的。）”和下文“Self-developmentrequireshardwork,devotionandanever-growingskill.（自我發(fā)展需要努力工作、奉獻精神和不斷增長的技能。）”可知，空處對上文進行解釋說明，不能指望一覺醒來就有了新技能。C項：Youcan'texpecttowakeupthenextdaywithnewskills.（你不能指望第二天醒來就能學(xué)到新技能。）符合語境。故選C?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Thekeyisbalance:Ifyourgoalsaretoohigh,you'llgetdiscouragedwhenyoufallshort.（關(guān)鍵是平衡：如果你的目標(biāo)太高，當(dāng)你沒有達到目標(biāo)時，你會感到沮喪。）可知，空處說明為了保持平衡，設(shè)置的目標(biāo)也不能太小。G項：Starttoosmall,andyou'llbecomesatisfiedwithyourprogresstooearly.（起步太小，你會太早對自己的進步感到滿意。）符合語境。故選G。【18題詳解】空處為段落主題句。根據(jù)下文“Tokeepgoingwhentimesaretough,youhavetolearnhowtomanageyourstresslevels.（為了在困難時期繼續(xù)前進，你必須學(xué)會如何管理你的壓力水平。）”可知，本段主要講述的是要管理好壓力。A項：Personalgrowthneedsstressmanagement.（個人成長需要壓力管理。）符合語境。故選A。【19題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Cleanupyourbedroomoryourcar.（打掃你的臥室或你的車。）”和“Believeitornot,onecleanspacecansetthetonefortherestofyourlife.（信不信由你，一個干凈的空間可以為你的余生定下基調(diào)。）”可知，空處說明要關(guān)注自己經(jīng)?；顒拥目臻g。B項：Focusontheplaceswhereyouspendthemosttime.（把注意力集中在你花最多時間的地方。）符合語境。故選B。【20題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Ontheroadofpersonaldevelopment,you'llrunintosomebarriers.Nobodybutyoucanremovethesefromyourpath.（在個人發(fā)展的道路上，你會遇到一些障礙。除了你，沒有人能把這些從你的道路上移除。）”可知，空處總結(jié)人生道路上會遇到的障礙是需要解決問題的原因。E項：That'swhyproblemsolvingisavitalskillforself-development.（這就是為什么解決問題對于自我發(fā)展是一項至關(guān)重要的技能。）符合語境。故選E。第三部分語言知識運用（共三節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Lastsummer,amemorablemountain-climbingadventurewithmyclassmatesimprinteditselfdeeplyintomymemory.Standingatthefootofthecolossalmountain,itsmajesticpeakveiledbythickclouds,ablendofexcitementandaslightnervousness___21___theair.Eachofuswasfilledwithanticipation,yet___22___bytheunknownthatlayahead.Ourjourneyupwardbegansmoothly,thepathtwistinggently.Butitwasn’tlongbeforethelandscapetransformed;itgrewsteepandslipperyspreadwithjaggedrocks.Midway,mylegsseemedtoturnintodeadweights,andI___23___desperatelyforair,mylungsburning.Thethoughtofsurrenderingcreptintomymindasthedifficulty___24___me.Atthatcriticalmoment,anelderlyhikercameintoview.Despitehisage,heinchedupwardsslowlyyet___25___,hiswrinkledexpressionradiatingstubborndetermination.Witnessinghisdetermination___26___asparkwithinme.Inspired,I___27___myteethandpressedon.Witheverypainstakingstep,Icouldsensemystrengthgradually___28___back.Finally,weclimbedthesummit,andsceneofindescribablebeauty___29___beforeoureyes.Thevastexpanseofnature,withitslivelyvalleysandsoaringpeaks,feltlikeaglorious____30____forouruphillstruggle,Reflectingonthisexperience,Igraspedaprofoundtruth.Life____31____thisarduousclimb.Obstaclesareunavoidable,oftentemptingusto____32____inthetowel.However,it’spreciselyduringthesetryingtimesthatourpotential____33____.Wheneverweendurehardshipsandpersevere,notonlydowefulfillouraspirationsbutalso____34____moreadaptable.So,let’swholeheartedlyembracechallengesandprogressforward____35____onourpathstoperseverance.21.A.filled B.covered C.surrounded D.crowded22.A.excited B.encouraged C.frightened D.delighted23.A.cried B.shouted C.breathed D.whispered24.A.overcame B.defeated C.conquered D.beat25.A.steadily B.quickly C.carelessly D.nervously26.A.lighted B.lit C.burned D.fired27.A.set B.clenched C.opened D.loosened28.A.disappearing B.fading C.returning D.weakening29.A.closed B.hid C.appeared D.disappeared30.A.waste B.deserve C.use D.reward31.A.likes B.islike C.lookslike D.seems32.A.throw B.take C.hold D.pick33.A.comesout B.showsup C.surfaces D.emerges34.A.become B.seem C.look D.feel35.A.firmly B.hesitantly C.slowly D.quickly【答案】21.A22.C23.C24.B25.A26.B27.B28.C29.C30.D31.B32.A33.C34.A35.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述一次令人難忘的登山經(jīng)歷，通過克服困難、堅持不懈，作者感悟到人生的真諦。【21題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：站在巍峨高山腳下，壯麗的山峰被厚厚的云層遮蓋，空氣中彌漫著興奮與一絲緊張。A.filled充滿；B.covered覆蓋；C.surrounded包圍；D.crowded擁擠。根據(jù)上文文“ablendofexcitementandaslightnervousness”可知，這種情緒應(yīng)是“充滿”空氣。故選A?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我們每個人都滿懷期待，但也因未知的前路感到害怕。A.excited興奮的；B.encouraged受鼓舞的；C.frightened害怕的；D.delighted高興的。根據(jù)上文表示轉(zhuǎn)折的“yet”和下文“bytheunknownthatlayahead”可推知，雖然作者一行人都滿懷期待，但又對前方的未知感到畏懼。故選C?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：中途，我的腿像灌了鉛一樣沉重，我拼命喘氣，肺部灼熱。A.cried哭泣；B.shouted喊叫；C.breathed呼吸；D.whispered低語。根據(jù)下文“mylungsburning”可知，作者的肺都要燒起來了，因此是在拼命地喘著氣，短語breatheforair意為“喘氣”。故選C?！?4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：隨著困難擊敗我，放棄的念頭悄悄爬上心頭。A.overcame克服；B.defeated擊?。籆.conquered征服；D.beat打擊。根據(jù)上文“Thethoughtofsurrenderingcreptintomymind”可知，作者產(chǎn)生了放棄的念頭，因此是被困難打敗了，defeat“擊敗”符合題意，強調(diào)結(jié)果，指“困難把我打敗了”，beat“打敗”多用于比賽、競爭等，不如defeat準(zhǔn)確。故選B?！?5題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管年邁，他緩慢卻穩(wěn)定地向上攀登，皺紋中透出頑強的決心。A.steadily穩(wěn)定地；B.quickly迅速地；C.carelessly粗心地；D.nervously緊張地。根據(jù)上文“slowlyyet”以及下文的“hiswrinkledcountenanceradiatingunyieldingdetermination”可知，這位老人布滿皺紋的臉上散發(fā)著不屈的決心，因此是緩慢而堅定地向上挪動著?？芍颂帒?yīng)為“穩(wěn)定地”。故選A。【26題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：目睹他的決心點燃了我內(nèi)心的火花。A.lighted點亮；B.lit點燃；C.burned燃燒；D.fired激發(fā)。根據(jù)下文“asparkwithinme”可知，作者被這位老人的堅韌點燃了斗志，lightaspark為固定搭配，意為“點燃火花”，light的過去式常用lit，強調(diào)動作；lighted也是light的過去式，但常用作定語修飾名詞。故選B。【27題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：受到啟發(fā)，我咬緊牙關(guān)繼續(xù)前進。A.set設(shè)置；B.clenched咬緊；C.opened打開；D.loosened放松。根據(jù)下文“myteethandpressedon”可知，此處應(yīng)為“咬緊牙關(guān)”。故選B?！?8題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：每邁出一步，我能感受到力量逐漸恢