2023年考研外語強(qiáng)化練習(xí)5

考研外語強(qiáng)化練習(xí)5

一、UseofEnglish

1>Theconceptofpersonalchoiceinrelationtohealth

behaviorsisanimportantone.Anestimated90percentofall

illnessmaybe(1)ifindividualswouldmakesound

personalhealthchoices(2)uponcurrentmedical

knowledge.Weallenjoyourfreedomofchoiceanddonorlike

toseeit(3)whenitiswithinthelegalandmoral

boundariesofsociety.ThestructureofAmericansocietyallows

ustomakealmostallourpersonaldecisionsthatmay(4)

ourhealth.Ifwe(5)desire,wecansmoke,drink

excessively,refusetowearseatbelts,eat(6)foodswe

want,andlives(7)sedentarylife-style,withoutany

exercise.Thefreedomtomakesuchpersonaldecisionsisthe

fundamental(8)ofoursociety,(9)thewisdomof

thesedecisionscanbequestioned.Personalchoicesrelative

to(10)oftencauseadifficulty.Asoneexample,a

teenagermayknowthefactsrelativetosmokingcigarettesand

healthbutmaybe(11)byfriendsintobelievingitisa

socially(12)_____thingtodo.A(13)ofactors,both

inheritedandenvironmental,influencethedevelopmentof

health-relatedbehaviors,anditis(14)thescopeofthis

texttodiscussallthesefactorsastheymayaffectany

(15)individual.However,thedecisiontoadopta

particularhealth-relatedbehavior,is(16)oneof

personalchoices.Therearehealthychoicesandthereare

unhealthychoices.Expertssuggestthattoknowinglygive

(17)overtoabehavior,thathasastatistical

probabilityof(18)lifeissimilartoattemptingsuicide.

(19),personalhealthchoicesshould(20)those

behaviorsthatareassociatedwithastatisticalprobability

ofincreasedvitalityandlongevity.

A.stopped

B.preventable

C.immunized

D.cured

2、(2)

A.constructed

B.based

C.found

D.depending

3、⑶

A.disappear

B.vanish

C.restricted

D.flourish

4、(4)

A.relates

B.connects

C.damage

D.concern

5、⑸

A.thus

B.therefore

C.otherwise

D.so

6、(6)

A.whatever

B.go

C.healthy

D.nutritious

7、(7)

A.completely

B.partially

C.continuously

D.comfortable

8、(8)

A.fact

B.aspect

C.viewpoint

D.fashion

9、(9)

A.where

B.although

C.when

D.somehow

10、(10)

A.food

B.medicine

C.health

D.people

11、(11)

A.enforced

B.requested

C.pressured

D.rushed

12、(12)

A.disgusting

B.accepted

C.organized

D.moved

13、(13)

A.dozens

B.deal

C.quantity

D.multitude

14、(14)

A.beyond

B.for

C.within

D.by

15、(15)

A.provided

B.given

C.single

D.possible

16、(16)

A.seldom

B.rarely

C.usually

D.suspiciously

17、(17)

A.themselves

B.himself

C.someone

D.oneself

18、(18)

A.shortening

B.lengthening

C.leasing

D.living

19、(19)

A.Thus

B.However

C.Unless

D.Though

20、(20)

A.reward

B.rum

C.reflect

D.revenge

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestions

beloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

Thenewspapermustprovideforthereaderthefacts,unalloyed,

unslanted(不歪曲的)，objectivelyselectedfacts.Butinthe

daysofcomplexnewsitmustprovidemore;itmustsupply

interpretation,themeaningofthefacts.Thisistheir.ost

importantassignmentconfrontingAmericanjournalism一tomake

cleartothereadertheproblemsoftheday,ton.ake

internationalnewsasunderstandableascommunitynews,to

recognizethatthethereisnolongeranysuchthingas"local”

news,bemuseanyeventintheinternationalareahasalocal

reactioninmanpowerdraft,ineconomicstrain,interms,

indeed,ofourveryWayoflife.

Thereisinjournalismawidespreadviewthatwhenyouembark

oninterpretation,youareenteringdangerouswaters,the

swirlingtidesofopinion.Thisisnonsense.

Theopponentsofinterpretationinsistthatthewriterandthe

editorshallconfinehimselftothe"facts”.Thisinsistence

raisestwoquestions:Whatarethefacts?And:Arethebare

factsenough?

Astothefirstquery,considerhowaso-called"factual〃story

comesabout.Thereportercollects,say,fiftyfacts;outof

thesefifty,hisspaceallotmentbeingnecessarilyrestricted,

heselectsthetenwhichheconsidersmostimportant.Thisis

JudgmentNumberOne.Thenheorhiseditordecideswhichof

thesetenfactssnailconstitutetheleadofthepiece.(This

isanimportantdecisionbemusemanyreadersdonotproceed

beyondthefirstparagraph.)ThisisJudgmentsNumberTwo.Then

thenighteditordetermineswhetherthearticleshallbe

presentedonpageone,whereithaslargerimpact,oronpage

twenty-four,whereithaslittle,JudgmentNumberThree.

Thus,inthepresentationofaso-called"factual〃or

“objective"story,atleastthreejudgmentsareinvolved.And

theyarejudgmentsnotatallunlikethoseinvolvedin

interpretation,inwhichreporterandeditor,callingupon

theirresearchresources,theirgeneralbackground,andtheir

“newsneutralism^arriveataconclusionastothesignificance

ofthenews.

Thetwoareasofjudgment,presentationofthenewsandits

interpretation,arebothobjectiveratherthansubjective

processes-asobjective,thatis,asanyhumanbeingcanbe.

(Noteinpassing:eventhoughcompleteobjectivitycannever

beachieved,neverthelesstheidealmustalwaysbethebeacon

onthemurkynewschannels).Ifaneditorisintentonslanting

thenews,hecandoitinotherwaysandmoreeffectivelythan

byinterpretation,liecandoitbytheselectionofthosefacts

thatpropup(支持)hisparticularplea.Orhecandoitbythe

playwhenhegivesastorypromotingittopageoneordemoting

ittopagethirty.

Thetitlethatbestexpressestheideasofthispassage

is.

A.InterpretingtheNews

B.EverythingCounts

C.SubjectiveVersusObjectiveProcesses

D.ChoosingFacts

2、

Whydoesthewriterofanarticleselecttenoutof50available

facts?

A.Hiseditorisprejudiced.

B.Thesubjectisnotimportant.

C.Spaceislimited.

D.Readerswouldprefershortstones.

3、

Whyshouldtheleadsentencepresentthemostimportantfact?

A.Itwillinfluencethereadertocontinue.

B.Itwillbethebestwaytowrite.

C.Somereadersdonotreadbeyond二hefirstparagraph.

D.Itwillgratifytheeditor.

4、

WhatistheLEASTeffectivewayof"slanting"news?

A.Interpretation.

B.Selection.

C.Placement.

D.Concentration.

5、

Whatistheauthor，sattitudetowardtheinterpretationof

news?

A.Approving.

B.Concerned.

C.Critical,

D.Indifferent.

6、MuchoftheAmericananxietyaboutoldageisaflightfrom

therealityofdeath.Oneofthestrikingqualitiesofthe

Americancharacteristheunwillingnesstofaceeitherthefact

ormeaningofdeath.InthemoresombertraditionofAmerican

literature-fromHawthorneandMelvilleandPoetoFaulknerand

Hemingway一onefindsatragicdepththatbeliesthesurface

thinnessoftheordinaryAmericandeathattitudes.Byaneffort

oftheimagination,thegreatwritersfacedproblemsthatthe

cultureinactionisreluctanttoface-thefactofdeath,its

mystery,anditsplacein.theback-and-forthshuttlingofthe

eternalrecurrence.Theunblinkingconfrontationofdeathin

Greektime,theelaboratetheologicalpatternswovenaroundit

intheMiddleAges,theritualcelebrationofitintherich,

peasantculturesofLatinandSlavicEuropeandinprimitive

cultures;thesearedifficulttofindinAmericanlife.

Whetherthroughfearoftheemotionaldepths,orbecauseofa

dryingupofthesluicesofreligiousintensity,theAmerican

avoidsdwellingondeathorevencorningtotermswithit;he

findsitmorbidandrecoilsfromit,surroundingitwithword

avoidance(Americansneverdie;they"passaway"),andvarious

taboosofspeechandpractice.A"funeralparlor"isdecorated

tolooklikeabank;everythinginafuneralceremonyisdone

inhushedtones,asifitweresomethingfurtive,tobe

concealedfromtheworld;thereisscmuchemphasisonbeing

dignifiedthattheceremonyoftenlosesitsqualityofdignity.

Insomeoftheprimitivecultures,thereisdifficultyin

understandingthemusesofdeath;itseemspuzzlingandeven

unintelligible.Livinginascientificculture,Americanshave

areadyenoughexplanationofhowitcomes,yettheyshowlittle

capacitytocometotermswiththefactofdeathitselfandwith

thegriefthataccompaniesit."Wejubilateoverbirthanddance

atweddings”,writesMargaretMead,“butmoreandmorehustle

thedeathoffthescenewithoutceremony,withoutan

opportunityforyoungandoldtorealizethatdeathisasmuch

afactoflifeasisbirth”.Andonemayadd,eveninitshurry

andbrevity,thelaststageofanAmerican'slife一thelast

occasionofthisrelationtohissociety一isasstandardized

astherest.

Unwillingnesstofacedeathis.

A.acharacteristicofAmericansociety

B.aqualityfoundinallcivilizations

C.aqualityinheritedfromourLatinancestors

D.astrikingqualityoftheAmericancharacter

7、

InthenovelsofHawthorneandMelville,onewillfind

A.ordinaryAmericandeathattitudes.

B.awillingnesstoacceptdeathasafactoflife.

C.asuperficialattitudetowarddeath.

D.thefoundationofmodernAmericanbeliefsaboutdeath.

8、

Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

A.InGreektimes,peoplewereafraidoffacingdeath.

B.IntheMiddleAges,deathwassurroundedbytheelaborate

theologicalpatterns.

C.Inprimitivecultures,deathwascelebratedritually.

D.InAmericanlife,peoplehardlymentiondeath.

9、

Intheauthor，sopinion,Americanrefusetodwellontheidea

ofdeath

A.outoffearoftheemotionaldepths

B.becausetheynolongerareintenselyreligions

C.becausetheyarematerialists

D.eitherAorB

10、

MargaretMeadsuggeststhat

A.weshouldnotrejoiceatabirth.

B.weshouldcryatabirthandrejoiceatafuneral.

C.aweddingshouldbesolemnaffair.

D.deathshouldbeacceptedinthesamespiritasmarriageand

birth.

11>InrecentyearsAmericansocietyhasbecomeincreasingly

dependentonitsuniversitiestofindsolutionstoitsmajor

problems.Itistheuniversitiesthathavebeenchargedwith

theprincipalresponsibilityfordevelopingtheexpertiseto

placemenonthemoon;fordealingwithoururbanproblemsand

withourdeterioratingenvironment;fordevelopingthemeans

tofeedtheworld'srapidlyincreasingpopulation.Theeffort

involvedinmeetingthesedemandspresentsitsownproblems.

Inaddition,thisconcentrationonthecreationofnew

knowledgesignificantlyimpingesontheuniversities，efforts

toperform,theirotherprincipalfunctions,thetransmission

andinterpretationofknowledgetheimpartingoftheheritage

ofthepastandthepreparingofthenextgenerationtocarry

itforward.

Withregardtothis,perhapstheirmosttraditionally

sanctionedtask,collegesanduniversitiestodayfind

themselvesinaserioushindgenerally.Ontheonehand,there

istheAmericancommitment,enteredintoespeciallysinceWWH,

toprovidehighereducationforallyoungpeoplewhocanprefit

fromit.Theresultofthecommitmenthasbeenadramaticrise

inenrollmentsinouruniversities,coupledwitharadical

shiftfromtheprivatetothepublicsectorofhighereducation.

Ontheotherhand,thereareseriousandcontinuinglimitations

ontheresourcesavailableforhighereducation.

Whilehighereducationhasbecomeagreat"growthindustry”,

itisalsosimultaneouslyatremendousdrainontheresources

ofnation.Withthevastincreaseinenrollmentandtheshift

inprioritiesawayfromeducationinstateandfederalbudgets,

thereisinmostofourpublicinstitutionsasignificant

decreaseinpercapitaoutlayfortheirstudents,onecrucial

aspectofthisdrainonresourcesliesinthepersistent

shortageoftrainedfaculty,whichhasled,inrum,toa

decliningstandardofcompetenceininstruction.

Intensifyingthesedifficultiesis,asindicatedabove,the

concernwithresearch,withitscompetingclaimsonresources

andtheattentionofthefaculty.Inaddition,thereisastrong

tendencyfortheinstitutions;organizationandfunctioningto

conform,tothedemandsofresearchratherthanthoseof

teaching.

Accordingtothepassage,一isthemostimportantfunctionof

institutionsofhighereducation.

A.creatingnewknowledge

B.providingsolutionstosocialproblems

C.makingexpertsonsophisticatedindustriesoutoftheir

students

D.preparingtheirstudentstotransmitinheritedknowledge

12、

Accordingtothepassage,oneofthecausesforthe

difficultiesofAmericanhighereducationisthat.

A.thegovernmenthasstoppedgivingpublicinstitutionsas

muchfinancialsupportasitusedto

B.Americanhadalwaysbeenencouragingyoungpeopletogoto

college

C.manypublicinstitutionshavereplacedprivateones

D.thegovernmentonlyfinancessuchresearchesasthator

placingmanonthemoon

13、

Thephrase"impingeon〃inParagraph1mostprobably

means______.

A.promote

B.relyon

C.haveanimpacton

D.block

14、

Aseriousoutcomebroughtoutbytheshortageofresourcesis

that.

A.manypublicinstitutionshavetocutdownenrollmentof

students

B.teachersarenotqualifiedenoughforsatisfactory

performanceinclasses

C.someinstitutionshavetoreducetheexpensesonresearch

D.thereiscompetitionforresourcesandattentionoffaculty

betweenpublicandprivateinstitution

15、

WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

A.Americansocietyhasfailedtoprovidetheseinstitutions

withadequateresourcestomeettheirneeds.

B.Thoughindifficulty,theseinstitutionsaredetermined

tofulfillbothresearchandteachingfunctions.

C.Americansocietyhasreliedtoomuchontheirinstitutions

ofhighereducationtoallowthemforeasyadjustmenttoall

theirfunctions.

D.Moreresourcesandeffortsoffacultyareneededfor

researchworkthanteachingwork.

16、Theenergycrisis,whichisbeingfeltaroundtheworld,

hasdramatizedhowthecarelessuseoftheearth，sresources

hasbroughtthewholeworldtothebrinkofdisaster.The

over-developmentofmotortransport,withitsincreaseofmore

cars,morehighways,morepollution,moresuburbs,more

commuting,hascontributedtothenear-destructionofour

cities,thebrokeupofthefamily,andthepollutionnotonly

oflocalairbutalsooftheearth'satmosphere.Thedisaster

hasarrivedintheform,oftheenergycrisis.

Ourpresentsituationisunlikewar,revolutionordepression.

Itisalsounlikethegreatnaturaldisastersofthepast.

Worldwideresourcesexploitationandenergyusehavebrought

ustoastatewherelong-rangeplanningisessential.Whatwe

needisnotacontinuationofourpresentseriousstate,which

endangersthefutureofourcountry,ourchildren,andourearth,

butamovementforwardtoanewnorminordertoworkrapidly

andeffectivelyonplanetaryproblems.

Thiscountryhasbeenfallingbackunderthecontinuing

exposuresoflossmoralityandtherevelationthatlawbreaking

hasreachedintothehighestplacesintheland.Thereisa

strongdemandformoralrevivalandforsomedevotionthatis

vastenoughandyetpersonalenoughtoenlistthedevotionof

all.Inthepastithasbeenonlyinawayindefenseoftheir

owncountryandtheirownidealsthatandpeoplehavebeenable

todevotethemselveswholeheartedly.

Thisisthefirsttimethatwehavebeenaskedtodefend

ourselvesandwhatweholddearincooperationwithallthe

otherinhabitantsofthisplanet,whosharewithusthesame

endangeredairandthesameendangeredoceans.Thereisacorrmion

needtoreassessourpresentcourse,tochangethatcourseand

todevisenewmethodsthroughwhichtheworldcansurvive.This

isapricelessopportunity.

Tograspitweneedawidespreadunderstandingofnatureinthe

crisisconfrontingus—andtheworld—acrisisthatisno

passinginconvenience,nobyproductoftheambitionsofthe

oil-producingcountries,noenvironmentalists*merefears,no

by-productofanypresentsystemofgovernment.Whatweface

istheoutcomeoftheinventionofthelastfourhundredyears.

Whatweneedisatransformedlifestyle.Thisnewlifestyle,

canflowdirectlyfromscienceandtechnology,butits

acceptancedependsonasinceredevotiontofindingahigher

qualityoflifefortheworld'schildrenandfuturegeneration.

Whichconditiondoestheauthorfeelhasnearlydestroyedour

cities?

A.Lackoffinancialplanning.

B.Thebreakupofthefamily.

C.Naturaldisastersinmanyregions.

D.Theexcessivegrowthofmotors.

17、

Accordingtotheauthor,whatisoneexampleofourlossof

morality?

A.Disregardforlaw.

B.Lackofdevotion.

C.Lackofcooperation.

D.Exploitationofresources.

18、

Bycomparingpestproblemswithpresentones,theauthordraws

attentiontothe.

A.significanceofthiscrisis

B.inadequacyofgovernments

C.similarityofthepesttothepresent

D.hopelessnessofthesituation

19、

Whatcontributiondoestheauthorfeelpeoplemustnowmake?

A.Searchfornewenergysources.

B.Outlawmotortransportation.

C.Acceptanewlifestyle.

D.Adoptanewform,ofgovernment.

20、

Theauthor*spurposetowritethispassageisto

A.callforcooperationofthewholeworld

B.inform,thereadersofthefactthatwearefacingenergy

crisis

C.recommendanewlifestyle

D.callfordevotiontothenatureandourfuturegeneration

21>PartB(10points)

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.For

Questions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelist(A、

C、D、E、F、G)tofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.

Thereareseveralextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthe

gaps.(10points)

Universitiestheworldoverlovesymbolsfrommedieval

scholasticgarbatdegreeceremoniestotheowlsandscrolls

ofscholasticbadge.Butformanyuniversities,especiallyin

BritainandelsewhereinEurope,amoreaccurateemblemwould

includeslummybuildings,dogearedbooksanddemoralizeddens.

That,swhyBritain，sgovernmentisnextweekriskingdefeatin

theHouseofCommonstobringmoreprivatemoneyintothe

country，suniversities—andwhyEuropeananddeveloping

countriesnowbusyexpandinghighereducationneedtothink

hardabouthowmuchgovernmentinvolvementisgoodfor

universities.

(41).America'sflourishinguniversitiesexemplifythe

formerEurope'sthelatter.Britain，sgovernmentwantstomove

towardstheAmericanmodal.Thesubjectofnextweek's

rebellionisabillthatwouldallowEnglishuniversities

ScotlandandWalesaredifferenttochargeupto3000pounds

(5460dollars)intuitionfeesinsteadofthecurrentflatrate

1125.Studentswillborrowthemoneythroughastaterunloan

schemeandpayitbackoncetheyareearningenough.

(42),Butitreflectsanimportantshiftinthinking.

Firstthatthenewmoneyuniversitiesneedshouldcomefrom

graduatesratherthanthegeneraltaxpayer.Secondandmost

cruciallyitabandonstheegalitarianassumptionthatall

universitiesareequallydeserving.

Thatiscommendablejustbecauseacourseischeapdoesnotmean

itisworthlessandtheexistenceofcostlyonesisnotinitself

asignofiniquitoussocialdivision.Yetoldthinkinghasdeep

roots.Bandyingphrasessuchas^excellenceforall"and

“educationforthemanynotthefew”,politicians,especially

leftwingones,wanttodaptheuniversityeducatedlabelon

evermorepeopleregardlessofmeritcostorpracticality.

(43).Ithumiliatesthetalentedbutdisadvantagedwhose

successisthendevaluedanditinfuriatesthetalentedwhoare

notdeemedunderprivilegedenoughandwhofeeltheirmerits

ignoredanditmakesuniversitiesdoajobtheyareboundto

bebadat.

Publicfundingisaddictiveandthewithdrawalsymptomsare

painful.(44).Inflatedtuitionfeesareabigworryand

alumnipreferencelooksunfair.ButoverallAmerica'ssystem

lookssustainableinawaythattheOldWorld'sdoesnot.

Inshortthemodeltostriveforisvariedinstitutionscharging

variedfees.Notallcoursesneedlastthreeyearsorbringa

fullhonorsdegree.(45).

Itisbettertodosomethingswellratherthaneverything

indifferently.Itisbecausepoliticianshaveforgottenthat

someoftheworld'soldestuniversitiesriskafuturethatis

alotlessgloriousthantheirpast.

A.Somewillbelongeranddeeper;othersshorterandshallower.

Someuniversitiesmayspecializeasteachingonlyinstitutions

likeAmerica'sliberalartscolleges.Othersmaywantto

concentratemainlyonresearch.Allmusthavetherightto

selecttheirintake.

B.Universitiescanindeedgivethedisadvantagedalegup—but

theywilldoitmuchbetterifthestatestandshack.

MicromanaginguniversityadmissionsastheBritishgovernment

hasbeentryingtodoongroundsofclasswithtargetsquotas

finesandstricturesrisksthesameconsequencesassimilar

Americanexperimentsbasedonracialpreference.

C.AlisonWolfaBritisheconomisttermsthisthe"twoaspirin

goodfiveaspirinbetter"approachtouniversityfinance.It

isdeeplyflawed.Inreality,thereisnoprovenconnection

betweenspendingonuniversitiesandprosperity,norcanthere

be.

D.Butas

22、(42)

23、(43)

24、(44)

25、(45)

26>PartC

Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthen

translatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.(10points)

Thefirstdayofclassisaveryimportanttimeforfaculty

toestablishatoneforwhatwi11happentherestoftheterm.

Itisappropriatethatateacherreflectonjustwhatclin.ate

andfirstimpressionshe/hewouldliketoestablish.This

articleofferssomeideasaboutthatimportantday.

Reflectingonthefirstdayofclass,McKeachiesuggeststhat

“meetingagroupofstrangerswhowillaffectyourwellbeing,

isatthesametimeexcitingandanxiety-producingforboth

studentsandteacher”.(46)Researchonthefirstdayofclass

byDr.Bushshowedtherewasarealdesireonthepartofboth

studentsandteachersforconnectedness,butneithergroup

realizedtheothersharedthatdesire.Iftheparticipantson

bothsidesdontunderstandhowtodeveloptheirrelationships,

learningwillbediminished(削減,變小).Ifyouhave

experiencedsomeanxietyaboutthismeeting,planningsome

specificst