2021屆高考英語閱讀之說明文（七）

備戰(zhàn)2021高考英語閱讀之說明文(七)

(A)

Itshouldbeoneofthemaingoalsintoday'ssocietytoreduceplasticconsumption.Though

manybelieverecyclingwillsolvetheproblem,andcontinueusingplastic,it'sactuallythe

opposite.In2013,254milliontonnesoftrashwasproducedintheU.S.alone,andonlyaround

30%wasrecycled.Thismeanstherestendedupinalandfillandwillstaythereforupto1000

years.

NowAsiancountries,includingVietnamandThailand,arelookingfornewideastoavoid

plastic.Oneofthoseideaswasanew,eco-friendlywaytopacktheirgoodsbyavoidingplastic

packaging.OneofPerfectHornesChiangmai'steammembersnoticedacreativewaytoreduce

plasticthatasupermarketcalledRimpingSupermarketwasusing.Littledidheknow(hatpeople

allaroundtheworldwouldabsolutelylovethisidea."Ijustpoppedintogetafewitemswhilewe

werewaitingtosignsomecontractswithourlawyer,whowasdelayed.WhenInoticedthe

vegetableswrappedinbananaleavesandsimplylikedtheidea.SoItookafewpicturesand

postedthemonline,hesaid.

Withmore(han3.5millionviewsandover17thousandshares,theideabecamesomething

peoplecanencouragemoresupermarketstoimplement(實(shí)施).

Somehavenoticed(hatnoteverythingon(heshelvesiscompletelyplastic-freetowhich(he

supermarketrespondedthattheyaretakingonestepatatime,butit'snotthateasy.Manyproducts

cometothesupermarketspre-packagedandmanycompaniesareinterestedinwrappingtheir

produceinplasticsinceitisthecheapestandtheeasiestoption.

It'snowuptotheshopperstoshowthesupermarketwhichtheyprefer.Ifeveryoneoptsfor

thebananaleafpackaging,theywillprobablystopstocking(heitemsinplastic.

1.WhatcanweinferaboutrecyclingfromPara.1?

A.Theauthorthinkshighlyofrecycling.

B.TheUSdidagreatjobinrecyclingin2013.

C.Recyclinghasfailedtosolvetheplasticproblem.

D.Recyclinghelpsalotinreducingplasticconsumption.

2.WhydidthemangotoRimpingSupermarket?

A.Topurchasesomeitems.

B.Tolookfornewideasthere.

C.Totakephotosoftheirshelves.

D.TDsignacontractwithalawyer.

3.Whichmightbeoneoftheinfluentialfactorsinencouragingleafpackaging?

A.TheInternet.B.Thecompanies'interest.

C.Thecontract.D.Theplastic-frecshelves.

4.Accordingtothepassage,wccanlearnthat.

A.peopletendtopreferfarmproducewrappedinplastic

B.promotingleafpackagingrequirespeople'sjointeflbrt

C.ChinausedtoexportpartofitswastetootherCountries

D.it'seasyforsupermarketstochangethewayofpackaging

(B)

Attentiontothefightagainstclimatechangetendstcbefocusedontrees,but75%ofthe

planet'ssurfaceiscoveredbytheocean,andanaturalprocesstakingplaceunderwaterhasexcited

scoresofinvestorsattherecentWorldEconomicForumwhomaywanttohelp.

DuringtherecentwildfiresintheAmazonrainforest,journalistsoftendescribedtreesasthe

“l(fā)ungsoftheworld”，buttliattitlemostcertainlybelongstophytoplankton,whichalonerefreshes

nearly50%oftheatmosphericoxygenonplanetearth,thevalueoffourAmazons.

And.intheefforttostopthewanningoftheplanet,ourgreatestassistantscouldbelongto

whales,becauseofthegreatamountoftheirexcrementleftinthesea.

AnewpaperpublishedbyeconomistDr.RalphChiantihighlights(heinfluence(hatwhales,

especiallybluewhales,andtheirexcrementhaveonclimatechange.Ilisallduetowhales'

excrementinthedietsofphytoplankton.

Thetinymarinealgaefloatsatthecenterofseveralmarinefoodwebs,andtheyprovidefood

forahostofseacreaturesincludingwhales,whilealsorequiringwhales'excrementtofeedon.

TheyalsorequireCO2tosurvive,justliketrees.

Whales,afterdeep-seadivesforkrill,returntothesurfaceandreleaseexcrement,whichis

richinnitrogenandiron,intothetopoceanlayer,whichprovidesakeyfoodsourcefor

phytoplankton.

Inhispaper,Dr.Chiamisuggeststhatsincephytoplanktonpopulationsexpandwherever

whalesare,asignificanteffortshouldbemadetofightagainstclimatechangebyencouragingthe

growthandprotectionofwhalepopulations."Ataminimum,evena1%increaseinphytoplankton

productivitythankstowhaleactivitywouldcapturehundredsofmillionsoftonsofadditionalCO2

ayear,whichisequaltothesuddenappearanceof2billionmaturetrees,“saysChiami.

1.Whatmakestheinvestorsexcited?

A.Trees'functionas“l(fā)ungsoftheworld^^.

B.Phytoplankton'sabilitytocreateoxygen.

C.Thesuccessof（heWorldEconomicForum.

D.People'scontinuousfightagainstclimatechange.

2.Whyarewhalescalledourassistantsinfightingglobalwarming?

A.Theyrefreshmuchoxygen.B.TheyneversendoutCO2.

C.Theykillmuchphytoplankton.D.Theysupplyfoodtophytoplankton.

3.Whichcanbestdescribetherelationshipbetweenphytoplanktonandwhales?

A.Complex.B.Competitive.C.Interdependent.D.Distant.

4.WhatdoesChiamiadviseustodo?

A.Rebuildfoodwebs.B.Trytoprotectwhales.

C.Growmorephytoplankton.D.Restrictpopulationexplosion.

（C）

Masksthathelpedsavelivesduringthecoronaviruspandemicareprovingadeadlythreat

forwildlife.

Macaques（3彌猴）havebeenspoiledchewing（hestrapsoffoldandlossed-asidemasksin（he

hillsoutsideMalaysia'scapitalKualaLumpur—apotentialchokingthreatforthediminutive

monkeys.AndinanincidentthatcapturedheadlinesinBritain,agull（海鷗）wasrescuedbythe

RSPCAinthecityofChelmsfordafteritslegsbecametangled（纏繞）inthestrapsofa

disposable（一i欠性的）maskforuptoaweek.Theanimalwelfarecharitywasalertedafterthebird

wasspotted,motionlessbutstillalive,andtheytookittoawildlifehospitalfortreatmentbefore

itsrelease.

Thebiggestimpactmaybeinthewater,withgreengroupsalarmedatthefloodofused

masks,latex(乳膠)glovesandotherprotectivegearfindingtheirwayintoalreadypollutedseas

andrivers.ConservationistsinBrazilfoundoneinsidethestomachofapenguinafteritsbody

washeduponabeach,whileadeadpufferfishwasdiscoveredcaughtinsideanotheroffthecoast

ofMiami.FrenchcampaignersOperationMerProprefoundadeadcrabtrappedinamaskina

saltwaterlagoonneartheMediterraneaninSeptember.

Masksandglovesare''particularlyproblematic^^forseacreatures,saysGeorgeLeonard,

chiefscientistfromUS-basedNGOOceanConservancy."Whenthoseplasticsbreakdowninthe

environment,theyformsmallerandsmallerparticles.Thoseparticlesthenenterthefoodchain

andimpactentireecosystems,nheadded.

Therehasbeenashifttowardsgreateruseofreusableclothmasks,butmanyarestill

choosingthelightersingle-usevarieties.Campaignershaveurgedpeopletothrow(hemaway

properlyandcutthestrapstoreduce(heriskofanimalsbecomingtrapped.OceansAsiahasalso

calledongovernments(oincreasefinesforlitteringandencouragetheuseofwashablemasks.

1.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?

A.Seriousincidentsofwildlifehunting.

B.Scientificresearchintowildlifelivinghabits.

C.Howwildlifeisaffectedbydisposablemasks.

D.Howhumanbeingsprotectendangeredwildlife.

2.Howdomasksendangerseaanimals?

A.Seaanimalsmaygettwistedbymasks.

B.Seaanimalscan'tfindtheirwayhome.

C.Seaanimalshavedifficultiesinfindingfood.

C.Seaanimalsarcforcedloleavellicirliabilals.

3.Whatissuggestedinthelastparagraph?

A.Puttingbansonsingle-usemasks.

B.Gellingridofusedmasksproperly.

C.Givingmaskproducersheavyfines.

D.Reducingtheriskofwashablemasks.

4.Whichsectionsofthenewspapercanthispassagebefound?

A.Business.B.Education.C.Lifestyle.D.Environment.

(D)

Peopleeatmorewhentheyaregluedtothetelevision,andthemoreentertainingtheprogramis,

(hemoretheyeat,accordingtoanewresearch.

Itseemsthatdistracted(分心的)brainsdonotnoticewhat(hemouthisdoing,saidDr.Alan

Hirsch,neurologicaldirectoroftheSmellandTasteTreatmentandResearchFoundationin

Chicago.

Hirschexploredtheimpactofsmell,tasteandeatingbehaviorswhilewatchingTVby

measuringpotatochipconsumption.Forty-fivevolunteersaleasmanychipsastheywantedevery

sixminuteswhiletheywatchedmonologuesbylate-nighttalkshowhostsDavidLettermanandJay

Leno.Theywerestillgivenchipstoeatwhenthetelevisionwasoff.Hirschfoundpeopleatean

averageof44percentmorechipswhilewatchingLettermanand42percentmorewhileviewing

Leno,thanwhentheydidnotwatchTV.

Ifyouconcentrateonhowthefoodtastes,you'llcatlessbecauseyou'llfecifullfaster,"Hirsch

saidinaninterviewattheEndocrineSociety'sannualmeetinginToronto.Soifthat'sthecase,let's

lookat(heopposite.Whatifyou'redistracted?Ifyou'redistracted,intheory,(henyou'deatmore."

Throughhisresearcha:thefoundation,Hirschhashelpedpeopleovercome(helossofsenseof

smellandsenseoftaste,whichtypicallyresultsinweightgainbecausethebraindoesnotknow

whenitshouldstopeating.

Theventromedialnucleus(腹內(nèi)側(cè)核)inthehypothalamus(下丘腦)，wheretheso-called

satiety(飽腹感)centerislocated,tellsthebodywhetheritishungryorfull.Itisinhibitedortricked,

theresultcanbechangesineatingpatterns,hesaid.

Peoplewhocookspaghettialldaydon'tfeellikeeatingspaghettiattheendoftheday,"said

Hirsch,"Bybeingexposedioasmellalldaylongit'strickingthehypothalamus."

Volunteerswereaskedtoconcentrateonthesensorycharacteristicsofthefoodsuchastaste

andsmell.Researcherssaythesesensoryclues,inadditiontoinnerbodychanges.marksatiety.

Butwhendistracted,apersondocsnotpayattentiontoeitherthebody'ssensationsoffeeling

full,ortothesensorycharacteristicsofthefood.

Manystudieshavelinkedbeingfat(owatchingtelevisionand(hatlinkislikelydueto

inactivity,Hirschsaid.Butperhapsentertainingshowsarealsocontributing.

"Ifyouwanttoloseweight,turnoffthetelevisionorwatchsomethingboring,1'hesaid.

1.WhenHirschconductedtheresearch,he

A.evaluatedthedegreeofthevolunteers'lossoftaste.

B.measuredtheamountofthechipsthevolunteersate.

C.analyzedthevolunteers'preferenceonTVprograms.

D.countedtheminutesthevolunteersspentonTVprograms.

2.Accordingtotheresearch,whenwillyoufeelfullfaster?.

A.Whenwearedistracted.

B.Whenwefocusonhowthefoodtastes.

C.Whenwearewatchingentertainingprograms.

D.Whenthebraindoesn'tknowwhenitshouldstopeating.

3.Whydoestheauthormention"Peoplewhocookspaghetiialldaydon'tfeellikeeatingitatthe

endoftheday"?

A.Ittellsusthateatingspaghettiisinhabited.

B.Itindicatesthatspaghettidoesn'ttastegoodattheendoftheday.

C.Ittellsusthatpeoplewhocookspaghettidon'likeeatingspaghetti.

D.Itshowsthatsmellis"telling"thehypothalamusthatthebodyisfull.

4.Whatisthemainpurposeofthearticle?

A.lbprove(hatbeingfatislinkedtoinactivity.

B.Tbreveal(herelationshipbetweenTVprogramsandeatingbehaviors.

C.toexplainwhywatchingtelevisionmakespeopleeatmoreandgainweight.

D.Tofindhowsensorycharacteristicsofthefoodaffectspeople'sfeelingsofeating.

(E)

Educationalprogramsoftenusefear-basedmessagingandfilmsofcrashscenestoreduce

riskydrivingbehavioramongyoungpeople.Butdocsthis“scary”approachwork?Anewstudy

suggeststhatfear-basedmessagingfailstoreduceriskydrivingbehavior,whilefear-basedVirtual

Reality(VR)filmsshowingaviolentcollisionmayactuallylead

youngdriverstotakemorechancesbehind(hewheel.

AteamofpsychologistsinBelgiumconductedastudyof146studentswhohadbeenlegally

drivingforlessthanfiveyears.Theresearchersexaminedtheimpactofbothcontent(fearvs.

positive)anddeliverymode(2Dvs.VR)ofdriversafetyinterventionprograms.

Byshowingaseriousconsequencesuchasdeath,fear-baseddrivereducationfilmsattemptto

arouseasenseoffearandpersuadeyoungpeopletodrivemorecarefully.Positivelyframedfilms

take(heoppositeapproach,usinghumorandmodelingsafedrivingbehaviorsthatresultin

positiveconsequences.

Threetestswereusedtoanalyzetherisk-takingbehavioroftheyoungdriversbeforeand

afterparticipatingintheinterventionprogram.Onewasaquestionnaire.Anotherwasateston

traffic,whichasksparticipantstowatchvideoclipsofdrivingsituationsandchoosewhetherthey

viewasituationastoorisky,forexample,choosingwhethertopassanothercarinicyconditions.

Athirdtestwasusedtomeasurethelevelofemotionalarousal(suchasfeelingafraid)after

watchingafilm.

Theresultsshowedthatparticipantswhoviewedthefear-basedVRfilmreportedriskier

drivingbehaviorsafterward,whilethosewhoviewedapositivelyframedVRfilmexhibitedthe

greatestreductioninriskydrivingbehavior.Thisfindingsupportsotherresearchthathasshown

thatexposingparticipantstoanextremecollisiontendstoactivatedefensivemechanisms,suchas

payingattentionforashortertime,disengaging,rejectingamessage,andanincreaseinrisky

behaviors.

“Fearappealshavebeenusedinmanyhealthandenvironmentalcampaigns,suchassmoking

andanti-drug,''saysDr.Cutellooftheresearchteam."Furtherexperimentalresearchisneededto

determinewhethertheuseoffeariseffective.”

1.Whatisthenewstudyabout?

A.VR'sapplicationondrivingeducation.

B.Youngdrivers'riskydrivingbehaviors.

C.Thedeadlyconsequenceofviolentcrashes.

D.Theefleetofdrivers'educationalprograms.

2.Whywereparticipantsaskedtowatchvideoclipsin(hesecondtest?

A.Toassessdrivingemotions.

B.,l'ojudgedrivingbehaviors.

C.Togaindrivingcompetence.

D.Tokeepsafedrivinginmind.

3.Whichwastheresultofthefear-basedVRfilminthestudy?

A.Driversshowfewerriskybehaviors.

B.Driverswerelessabletofocuslong.

C.Driverswereunwillingtocooperate.

D.Driversbecamemoreopentoadvice.

4.WhatdoesDr.Cutello'swordssuggest?

A.Moreresearchshouldbeconducted.

B.Fcar-bascdeducationshouldn'tbeused.

C.Theresultofhisresearchisunconvincing.

D.Theuseoffeareducationhasbeencutdown.

參考答案：

A

1.根據(jù)第一段中“Thoughmanybelieverecyclingwillsolvetheproblem,andcontinueusing

plastic,it'sactuallytheopposite.In2013,254milliontonnesoftrashwasproducedintheU.S.

alone,andonlyaround30%wasrecycled.（盡管很多人相信回收利用能解決這個(gè)問題，并繼續(xù)

使用塑料?，但事實(shí)恰恰相反。2013件，僅在美國(guó)就產(chǎn)生了2.54億噸垃圾，只有約30%被回

收。）”可知，回收利用未能解決塑料問題。故選C項(xiàng)。

2.根據(jù)第二段中“Ijustpoppedintogetafewitemswhilewewerewaitingtosignsome

contractswithourlawyer,whowasdelayed.（我只是進(jìn)來買幾件東西，當(dāng)時(shí)我們正等著和律師

簽合同，他被耽擱了。）”可知，他去超市是為了買一些東西。故選A項(xiàng)。

3.根據(jù)第三段"Withmorethan3.5millionviewsandover17thousandshares,theidea

becamesumclhiiigpeoplecanencouragemuresupcmiarkclsluiiiiplciiicnl（實(shí)施）.（點(diǎn)擊量超過

350萬次，分享量超過1.7萬次，人們可以鼓勵(lì)更多的超市去實(shí)施這個(gè)想法。）”可知，互聯(lián)

網(wǎng)是鼓勵(lì)用葉子包裝的影響因素之一。故選A項(xiàng)。

4,第四段中“Manyproductscometothesupermarketspre-packagedandmanycompanies

areinterestedinwrappingtheirproduceinplasticsinceitisthecheapestandtheeasiestoption.M

提到，許多產(chǎn)品進(jìn)入超市時(shí)都是預(yù)先包裝好的，許多公司對(duì)用塑料包裝產(chǎn)品感興趣，因?yàn)檫@

是最便宜和最簡(jiǎn)單的選擇，結(jié)合最后一段中“Ifeveryoneoptstorthebananaleafpackaging,

(heywillprobablystopstockingtheitemsinplastic.M可知，如果每個(gè)人都選擇香蕉葉包裝，他

們可能會(huì)停止用塑料儲(chǔ)存商品。由此可推知，推動(dòng)葉子包裝需要人們的共同努力。故選B

項(xiàng)。

B

1o根據(jù)第——段“Attentiontothefightagainstclimatechangetendstobefocusedontrees,but

75%oftheplanet'ssurfaceiscoveredby（heocean,andanaturalprocesstakingplaceunderwater

hasexcitedscoresofinvestorsattherecentWorldEconomicForumwhomaywanttohelp.（對(duì)抗

氣候變化的注意力往往集中在樹木上，但地球表面的75%被海洋所覆蓋，而在最近的世界

經(jīng)濟(jì)論壇上，水下發(fā)生的自然過程令許多投資者興奮不已，他們可能想要提供幫助）”以及

第二段uDuringtherecentwildfiresin（heAmazonrainforest,journalistsoftendescribedtreesas

the“l(fā)ungsoftheworld"，butthattitlemostcertainlybelongstophytoplankton,whichalone

refreshesnearly50%oftheatmosphericoxygenonplanetearth,thevalueoffourAmazons.（在最

近發(fā)生的亞馬遜雨林野火中，記者們經(jīng)常把樹木描述為"世界的肺”，但這個(gè)頭銜肯定屬于

浮游植物，僅它們就能更新地球上近50%的大氣氧氣，這相當(dāng)于四個(gè)亞馬遜人的價(jià)值）”可

推知，浮游植物制造氧氣的能力讓投資者感到興奮。故選

2。根據(jù)第三段“And,in（heefforttostop（hewarmingoftheplanet,ourgreatestassistants

couldbelongtowhales,becauseofthegreatamountofiheirexcrementleftinthesea.（而H.,在阻

止地球變暖的努力中，我們最偉大的助手可能是鯨魚，因?yàn)樗鼈冊(cè)诤Ｑ笾辛粝铝舜罅康募S

便）”和第四段“AnewpaperpublishedbyeconomistDr.RalphChiantihighlightstheinfluence

thatwhales,especiallybluewhales,andtheirexcrementhaveonclimatechange.Itisalldueto

whales*excrementinthedietsofphytoplankton.（經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家RalphChianii博士發(fā)表的一篇新論

文強(qiáng)調(diào)了鯨魚，尤其是藍(lán)鯨及其糞便對(duì)氣候變化的影響。這都是由于鯨魚的糞便在浮游植物

的飲食中）”可知，鯨魚被稱為我們對(duì)抗全球變暖的助手因?yàn)樗鼈優(yōu)楦∮沃参锾峁┦澄?。?/p>

選D。

3。根據(jù)第五段“Thetinymarinealgaefloatsatthecenterofseveralmarinefoodwebs,and

theyprovidefoodforahostofseacreaturesincludingwhales,whilealsorequiringwhales'

excrementtofeedon.TheyalsorequireCO2tosunive,justliketrees.（這種微小的海藻漂浮在

幾個(gè)海洋食物網(wǎng)的中心，它們?yōu)榘L魚在內(nèi)的許多海洋生物提供食物，同時(shí)也需要鯨魚的

糞便為食。它們也需要二氧化碳才能生存，就像樹木一樣〕”以及第六段“Whales,afterdeep-sea

divesforkrill,returntothesurfaceandreleaseexcrement,whichisrichinnitrogenandiron,into

thetopoceanlayer,whichprovidesakeyfoodsourceforphytoplankton.（鯨魚在深海潛水覓食

磷蝦后，返回海面,將富含氮和鐵的排泄物釋放到海洋頂層，這是浮游植物的主要食物來源）”

可推知，浮游植物和鯨魚為彼此提供食物，它們是相互依賴的關(guān)系。故選C。

4。根據(jù)最后一段中“Inhispaper.Dr.Chiamisuggeststhatsincephytoplanktonpopulations

expandwhereverwhalesare,asignificanteffortshouldhemadetofightagainstclimatechangeby

encouragingthegrowthandprotectionofwhalepopulations.（在他的論文中，Chiami博士建議,

既然浮游植物的數(shù)量在鯨魚所在的任何地方都在增長(zhǎng)，那么我們就應(yīng)該通過鼓勵(lì)鯨魚數(shù)量的

增長(zhǎng)和保護(hù)來應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化）”可知，Chiami建議人們保護(hù)鯨魚，以幫助浮游植物的生長(zhǎng)，

從而達(dá)到吸收二氧化碳、保護(hù)環(huán)境的FI的。故選B。

C

l.Coo第二段講述了舉例掰猴咀嚼扔到一邊的肩帶面具和海鷗的腿一次性的肩帶面具

纏繞來說明一次性口罩如何影響野生動(dòng)物安全，答案選c項(xiàng)。

2.Ao根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第三段中one