國家開發(fā)銀行招聘考試筆試真題

》》》》》》歷年考試真題——2025年最新整理《《《《《《》》》》》》歷年考試真題——2025年最新整理《《《《《《/》》》》》》歷年考試真題——2025年最新整理《《《《《《國家開發(fā)銀行招聘考試筆試真題

第一部分

英語能力測試（限時60分鐘）

一、單項選擇題（共20題）

1.Georgetook________ofthefineweathertodoaday’sworkinhisgarden.

A.advantageB.profit

C.possessionD.charge

2.Thebellrangandeverystudenthadto________theirexaminationpapers.

A.giveupB.giveaway

C.giveoutD.givein

3.Thecommitteeistotallyopposed________anychangesbeingmadeintheplans.

A.ofB.onC.toD.against

4.MytrainarrivesinNewYorkateighto’clocktonight.TheplaneIwouldliketotakefromthere________bythen.

A.wouldleaveB.willhaveleft

C.hasleftD.hadleft

5.________hedoesgetannoyedwithhersometimes.

A.AshelikeshermuchB.Althoughmuchhelikesher

C.MuchashelikesherD.Muchalthoughhelikesher

6.Themerefact________mostpeoplebelievenuclearwarwouldbemaddoesnotmeanthatitwillnotoccur.

A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whose

7.Hamletisjustan________characterinthenovel.

A.imaginativeB.imagined

C.imaginaryD.imaginable

8.Thenewmovie________tobeoneofthebiggestmoney-makersofalltime.

A.promisesB.agrees

C.pretendsD.refuses

9.Doesyourhometownhaveanunofficialname?________,whatdoesitsayabouttheareaandthepeoplewholivethere?

A.AndyetB.OrelseC.IfsoD.Stillworse

10.Athiefwhobrokeintoachurchwascaughtbecausetracesofwax,foundonhisclothes,________fromthesortofcandlesusedonlyinchurches.

A.hadcomeB.comingC.comeD.thatcome

11.Wewereastonished________thetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.

A.findingB.tofindC.findD.tobefound

12.Insomecountries,________iscalledequalitydoesnotreallymeanequalrightsforallpeople.

A.whichB.whatC.thatD.one

13.Somestateshaveanincometax________tothatofthefederalgovernment.

A.sameB.similarC.alikeD.likely

14.Theteacher________hislessonwithpictures.

A.illustratedB.explained

C.illustrationD.illuminated

15.EncounterEnvironmentalToursofferstripstosomeofthemostbeautifulandisolatedwildernessesintheworld________allthecomfortsoffive-staraccommodations.

A.bothB.plusC.thoughD.together

16.There’salotoffoodleftoverfromtheparty;you________somanydishes.

A.wouldhavepreparedB.needn’thaveprepared

C.mighthavepreparedD.couldn’thaveprepared

17.This

programme

will

examine

the

writer’s

books

in

detail,________an

introductionto

her

life.

A.followingB.havingfollowed

C.beingfollowedD.tobefollowed

18.Iboughtanewbicycle,________wasveryhigh.

A.thepriceofwhichB.whichprice

C.priceofwhichD.whichtheprice

19.Facedwiththecrisis,Monicalookedpale,butquite________.

A.scaryB.frightened

C.crazyD.calm

20.Itwouldbeunwiseto________toomuchimportancetotheseopinionpolls.

A.stickB.payC.applyD.attach

二、完形填空題（共20題）

The

gift

of

being

able

to

describe

a

face

accurately

is

a

rare

one.

As

a

professor_21_it

recently:

“Whenwetrytodescribefacespreciselywords_22_us,andwe_23_to

identikit

（拼臉型圖）procedures.”

_24_accordingtoaresearch_25_thissubject,wecaneachprobablyrecognizemore

than1,000faces,themajorityofwhichdifferin_26_details.This,whenonecomestothinkofit,is

a_27_feat,though,curiouslyenough,relativelylittleattentionhasbeendevotedtothe

fundamentalproblemsofhowandwhywe_28_thisgiftforrecognizingandrememberingfaces.

Somescientistsarguethatitisan

inborn_29_.

and

that

there

are

“specialcharacteristicsabout

the

brain’s_30_to

distinguish

faces”.

On

the

other

hand,

there

are

those,

and

they

areprobably_31_themajority,whoclaimthatthegiftisanacquiredone.

But_32_all

these

arguments,

sight

is

predominant._33_at

the

very

beginning

of

life,

theability

to

recognize

faces

quickly

becomes

an_34_habit,

one

that

is

essential

for

daily

living,

ifnot_35_

for

survival.

How

essential

and

valuable

it

is

we

probably

do

not_36_until

we

en-counter

people

who

have

been_37_of

the

faculty

（能力）.This

unfortunate

inability

to

recognizefamiliarfacesisknowntoall,_38_

suchpeoplecanoftenrecognizeindividualsbytheirvoicesortheirwalkingmanners.Withtypicalhuman_39_manyoftheseunfortunatepeopleovercometheirhandicapbyrecognizingother_40_features.

21.A.describedB.saidC.putD.talkedabout

22.A.takeB.fail

C.help

D.desert

23.A.resortB.seekC.moveD.react

24.A.YetB.ConsequentlyC.InadditionD.Incontrast

25.A.ofB.aboutC.inD.on

26.A.goodB.delicateC.fineD.high

27.A.enormousB.bigC.giganticD.tremendous

28.A.acquireB.attainC.gainD.take

29.A.possessionB.propertyC.activityD.action

30.A.abilityB.capabilityC.competenceD.capacity

31.A.onB.ofC.inD.at

32.A.ofB.inC.amongD.outof

33.A.CreatedB.FormedC.MadeD.Molded

34.A.acceptedB.inbornC.establishedD.innate

35.A.essentiallyB.importantlyC.significantlyD.necessarily

36.A.valueB.appreciateC.adoreD.admire

37.A.takenB.robbedC.deprivedD.seized

38.A.butB.thereforeC.inadditionD.so

39.A.clevernessB.ingenuityC.smartnessD.intelligence

40.A.specialB.generalC.characteristicD.particular

三、閱讀理解題（共20題）

Passage1

Scientistshavefoundthatalthoughwearepronetosnapoverreactions,ifwetakeamomentandthinkabouthowwearelikelytoreact,wecanreduceoreveneliminatethenegativeeffectsofourquick,hard-wiredresponses.

Snapdecisionscanbeimportantdefensemechanisms;ifwearejudgingwhethersomeoneisdangerous,ourbrainsandbodiesarehard-wiredtoreactveryquickly,withinmilliseconds.Butweneedmoretimetoassessotherfactors.Toaccuratelytellwhethersomeoneissociable,studiesshow,weneedatleastaminute,preferablyfive.Ittakesawhiletojudgecomplexaspectsofpersonality,likeneuroticismoropen-mindedness.

But

snap

decisions

in

reaction

to

rapid

stimuli

aren’t

exclusive

to

the

interpersonal

realm.Psychologists

at

the

University

of

Toronto

found

that

viewing

a

fast-food

logo

for

just

a

fewmilliseconds

primes

us

to

read

20

percent

faster,

even

though

reading

has

little

to

do

with

eating.We

unconsciously

associate

fast

food

with

speed

and

impatience

and

carry

those

impulses

intowhateverelsewe’redoing.Subjectsexposedtofast-foodflashesalsotendtothinkamusicalpiecelaststoolong.

Yetwecanreversesuchinfluences.Ifweknowwewilloverreacttoconsumerproductsorhousingoptionswhenweseeahappyface(onereasongoodsalesrepresentativesandrealestateagentsarealwayssmiling),wecantakeamomentbeforebuying.Ifweknowfemalejobscreenersaremorelikelytorejectattractivefemaleapplicants,wecanhelpscreenersunderstandtheirbiases—orhireoutsidescreeners.

JohnGottman,themarriageexpert,explainsthatwequickly“thinslice”informationreliablyonlyafterwegroundsuchsnapreactionsin“thicksliced”long-termstudy.WhenDr.Gottmanreallywantstoassesswhetheracouplewillstaytogether,heinvitesthemtohisislandretreatforamuchlongerevaluation:twodays,nottwoseconds.

Ourabilitytomuteourhard-wiredreactionsbypausingiswhatdifferentiatesusfromanimals:dogs

can

think

about

the

future

only

intermittently

or

for

a

few

minutes.

But

historically

we

havespent

about

12

percent

of

our

days

contemplating

the

longer

term.

Although

technology

mightchange

the

way

we

react,

it

hasn’t

changed

our

nature.

We

still

have

the

imaginative

capacity

toriseabovetemptationandreversethehigh-speedtrend.

41.Thetimeneededinmakingdecisionsmay________.

A.varyaccordingtotheurgencyofthesituation

B.provethecomplexityofourbrainreaction

C.dependontheimportanceoftheassessment

D.predeterminetheaccuracyofourjudgment

42.Ourreactiontoafast-foodlogoshowsthatsnapdecisions________.

A.canbeassociativeB.arenotunconscious

C.canbedangerousD.arenotimpulsive

43.Toreversethenegativeinfluencesofsnapdecisions,weshould________.

A.trustourfirstimpressionB.doaspeopleusuallydo

C.thinkbeforeweactD.askforexpertadvice

44.JohnGottmansaysthatreliablesnapreactionsarebasedon________.

A.criticalassessmentB.

“thin

sliced”study

C.sensibleexplanationD.adequateinformation

45.Theauthor’sattitudetowardreversingthehigh-speedtrendis________.

A.tolerantB.uncertain

C.optimisticD.doubtful

Passage2

Americans

no

longer

expect

public

figures,

whether

in

speech

or

in

writing,

to

command

theEnglishlanguagewithskillandgift.Nordotheyaspiretosuchcommandthemselves.Inhislatestbook,DoingOurOwnThing:TheDegradationofLanguageandMusic

and

Why

We

Should,

Like,Care,JohnMcWhorter,alinguistandcontroversialistofmixedliberalandconservativeviews,seesthetriumphof1960scounter-cultureasresponsibleforthedeclineofformalEnglish.

Blamingthepermissive1960sisnothingnew,butthisisnotyetanothercriticismagainstthedeclineineducation.Mr.McWhorter’sacademicspecialityislanguagehistoryandchange,andheseesthegradualdisappearanceof“whom”,forexample,tobenaturalandnomoreregrettablethanthelossofthecase-endingsofOldEnglish.

Butthecultoftheauthenticandthepersonal,“doingourownthing”,hasspeltthedeathofformalspeech,writing,poetryandmusic.Whileeventhemodestlyeducatedsoughtanelevatedtonewhentheyputpentopaperbeforethe1960s,eventhemostwellregardedwritingsincethenhassoughttocapturespokenEnglishonthepage.Equally,inpoetry,thehighlypersonal,performativegenreistheonlyformthatcouldclaimrealliveliness.InbothoralandwrittenEnglish,

talking

istriumphingoverspeaking,spontaneityovercraft.

Illustratedwithanentertainingarrayofexamplesfrombothhighandlowculture,thetrendthatMr.McWhorterdocumentsisunmistakable.Butitislessclear,totakethequestionofhissubtitle,whyweshould,like,care.Asalinguist,heacknowledgesthatallvarietiesofhumanlanguage,

including

non-standard

ones

like

Black

English,

can

be

powerfully

expressive—thereexistsnolanguageordialectintheworldthatcannotconveycomplexideas.Heisnotarguing,asmanydo,thatwecannolongerthinkstraightbecausewedonottalk

proper.

Russianshaveadeeplovefortheirownlanguageandcarrylargechunksofmemorizedpoetryin

their

heads,

while

Italian

politicians

tend

to

elaborate

speech

that

would

seem

old-fashioned

tomostEnglish-speakers.Mr.McWhorteracknowledgesthatformallanguageisnotstrictlynecessary,andproposesnoradicaleducationreforms—heisreallygrievingoverthelossof

somethingbeautifulmorethanuseful.WenowtakeourEnglish“onpaperplatesinsteadofchina”.Ashame,perhaps,

but

probably

an

inevitableone.

46.AccordingtoMcWhorter,thedeclineofformal

English________.

A.isinevitableinradicaleducationreforms

B.isbutalltoonaturalinlanguagedevelopment

C.hascausedthecontroversyoverthecounter-culture

D.broughtaboutchangesinpublicattitudesinthe1960s

47.Theword“talking”(Para.3)

denotes________.

A.modestyB.personality

C.livelinessD.informality

48.TowhichofthefollowingstatementswouldMcWhortermostlikelyagree?

A.Logicalthinkingisnotnecessarilyrelatedtothewaywetalk.

B.BlackEnglishcanbemoreexpressivethanstandardEnglish.

C.Non-standardvarietiesofhumanlanguagearejustasentertaining.

D.Ofallthevarieties,standardEnglishcanbestconveycomplexideas.

49.ThedescriptionofRussians’loveofmemorizingpoetryshowstheauthor’s________.

A.interestintheirlanguage

B.appreciationoftheirefforts

C.admirationfortheirmemory

D.contemptfortheirold-fashionedness

50.Accordingtothelastparagraph,“paperplates”isto“china”as________.

A.

“temporary”

is

to“permanent”

B.

“radical”

is

to“conservative”

C.“functional”isto

“artistic”

D.“humble”isto

“noble”

Passage3

Lonelypeople,itseems,areatgreaterriskthanthegregariousofdevelopingillnessesassociatedwithchronicinflammation,suchasheartdiseaseandcertaincancers.ApaperpublishedlastyearinthePublicLibraryofScience,Medicine,showstheeffectonmortalityoflonelinessiscomparablewiththatofsmokinganddrinkingafterexaminingtheresultsof148previousstudiesandcontrolledforfactorssuchasageandpre-existing

illness.

StevenColeoftheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,thinkshemayknowwhythisisso.HetoldtheAmericanAssociationfortheAdvancementofSciencemeetinginWashington,D.C.,abouthisworkstudyingtheexpressionofgenesinlonelypeople.Dr.Coleharvestedsamplesofwhitebloodcellsfrombothlonelyandgregariouspeople.Hethenanalysedtheactivityoftheirgenes,asmeasuredbytheproductionofasubstancecalledmessengerRNA.Thismoleculecarriesinstructionsfromthegenestellingacellwhichproteinstomake.ThelevelofmessengerRNAfrommostgeneswasthesameinbothtypesofpeople.Therewereseveraldozengenes,however,thatwerelessactiveinthelonely,andseveraldozenothersthatweremoreactive.Moreover,boththelessactiveandthemoreactivegenetypescamefromasmallnumberoffunctionalgroups.

Broadlyspeaking,thegeneslessactiveinthelonelywerethoseinvolvedinstavingoffviralinfections.Thosethatweremoreactivewereinvolvedinprotectingagainstbacteria.Dr.Colesuspectsthiscouldhelpexplainnotonlywhythelonelyareiller,buthow,inevolutionaryterms,thisoddstateofaffairshascomeabout.

Thecrucialbitofthepuzzleisthatviruseshavetobecaughtfromanotherinfectedindividualandtheyareusuallyspecies-specific.Bacteria,incontrast,oftenjustlurkintheenvironment,andmaythriveonmanyhosts.Thegregariousarethereforeatgreaterriskthanthelonelyofcatchingviruses,andDr.Colethussuggeststhatpastevolutionhascreatedamechanismwhichcauseswhitecellstorespondappropriately.Conversely,thelonelyarebetterofframpinguptheirprotectionagainstbacterialinfection,whichisabiggerrelativerisktothem.

What

Dr.

Cole

seems

to

have

revealed,

then,

is

a

mechanism

by

which

social

environmentreaches

inside

a

person’s

body

and

tweaks

its

genome

so

that

it

responds

appropriately.

It

is

notthatthelonelyandthegregariousaregeneticallydifferent

from

each

other.

Rather,

their

genes

areregulated

differently,

according

to

how

sociable

an

individual

is.

Dr.

Cole

thinks

this

regulation

is

partofawidermechanismthattunesindividualstothecircumstancestheyfindthemselves

in.

51.Whatriskmaylonelypeoplerunaccordingtothefirstparagraph?

A.Theycanhavethesameriskasthegregarious.

B.Theymayhavesymbolsofearlyaging.

C.Theymayfallvictimtochronicillnesses.

D.Theymayundergomoresevereillnesses.

52.Dr.Colemadeananalysisoftheactivityofthegenesby________.

A.measuringthelevelofmessengerRNA

B.calculatingthenumberofmoreactivegenetypes

C.instructingtheproductionofcertainproteins

D.comparinglessactivegeneswithmoreactiveones

53.Broadlyspeaking,thegenesmoreactiveinthelonely________.

A.helpedtoavoidinfectionsresultingfromviruses

B.participatedinguardingagainstbacteria

C.camefromafewdifferentfunctionalgroups

D.existedonlyasasmallgroup

54.Whatcanweknowaboutvirusesandbacteriafromthefourthparagraph?

A.Virusesoftenremainhiddenintheenvironment.

B.Bacteriaarepassedtootherpeoplebytheinfectedindividual.

C.Thelonelypeoplecancatchvirusesmoreeasily.

D.Virusesposeagreaterthreattothegregariousthanbacteria.

55.WhatmessagedoesDr.Coleseemtoconveybythemechanism?

A.Thelonelypeopledifferingenesfromthegregariouspeople.

B.Sociabilitycanadjustaperson’sgenomeandmakeitworkproperly.

C.Thelonelypeoplecanbecomesociableiftheyregulatetheirgenes.

D.Individualshavetofindtheirownwaystoadapttotheenvironment.

Passage4

Thateveryone’stoobusythesedaysisacliché.Butonespecificcomplaintismadeespeciallymournfully:There’sneveranytimetoread.

What

makes

the

problem

thornier

is

that

the

usual

time-management

techniques

don’t

seemsufficient.Theweb’sfullofarticlesofferingtipsonmakingtimetoread;

“GiveupTV”or“Carrya

book

with

you

at

all

times.”

But

in

my

experience,

using

such

methods

to

free

up

the

odd

30minutesdoesn’twork.Sitdowntoreadandtheflywheelofwork-relatedthoughtskeepsspinning—or

else

you’re

so

exhausted

that

a

challenging

book’s

the

last

thing

you

need.

The

modern

mind,TimParks,anovelistandcritic,writes,

“isoverwhelminglyinclinedtowardcommunication...Itisnotsimplythatoneisinterrupted;itisthatoneisactuallyinclinedtointerruption.”

Deepreadingrequires

not

just

time,

but

a

special

kind

of

time

which

can’t

be

obtained

merely

by

becomingmoreefficient.

Infact,“becomingmoreefficient”ispartoftheproblem.Thinkingoftimeasaresourcetobemaximised

means

you

approach

it

instrumentally,

judging

any

given

moment

as

well

spent

only

insofarasitadvancesprogresstowardsomegoal.Immersivereading,bycontrast,dependsonbeingwillingtoriskinefficiency,goallessness,eventime-wasting.Trytoslotitinasato-dolistitemandyou’llmanageonlygoal-focusedreading—useful,sometimesbutnotthemostfulfillingkind.

“Thefuture

comes

at

us

like

empty

bottles

along

an

unstoppable

and

nearly

infinite

conveyor

belt,”writes

Gary

Eberle

in

his

book

Sacred

Time,

and

“we

feel

a

pressure

to

fill

these

different-sizedbottles(days,hours,minutes)astheypass,foriftheygetbywithoutbeingfilled,wewillhavewastedthem.”Nomind-setcouldbeworseforlosingyourslefinabook.

So

what

does

work?

Perhaps

surprisingly,

scheduling

regular

times

for

reading.

You’d

thinkthismightfueltheefficiencymind-set,butinfact,Eberlenotes,suchritualisticbehaviorhelpsus“stepoutsidetime’sflow”into

“soultime.”Youcouldlimitdistractionsbyreadingonlyphysicalbooks,oronsingle-purposee-readers.“Carryabookwithyouatalltimes”canactuallywork,too—providingyoudipinoftenenough,sothatreadingbecomes

the

default

state

from

which

you

tem-porarily

surface

to

take

care

of

business,

before

dropping

back

down.

On

a

really

good

day,

it

nolongerfeelsasifyou’re

“makingtimetoread”,butjustreading,andmakingtimeforeverythingelse.

56.Theusualtime-managementtechniquesdon’tworkbecause________.

A.whattheycanofferdoesnoteasethemodernmind

B.whatpeopleoftenforgetiscarryingabookwiththem

C.whatchallengingbooksdemandisrepetitivereading

D.whatdeepreadingrequirescannotbeguaranteed

57.The“emptybottles”metaphorillustratesthatpeoplefeelapressureto________.

A.updatetheirto-dolistsB.makepassingtimefulfilling

C.carrytheirplansthroughD.pursuecarefreereading

58.Fberlewouldagreethatschedulingregulartimesforreadinghelps________.

A.promoteritualisticreading

B.encouragetheefficiencymind-set

C.developonlinereadinghabits

D.achieveimmersivereading

59.“Carryabookwithyouatalltimes”canwork

if________.

A.readingbecomesyourprimarybusinessoftheday

B.allthedailybusinesshasbeenpromptlydealtwith

C.youareabletodropbacktobusinessafterreading

D.timecanbeevenlysplitforreadingandbusiness

60.Thebesttitleforthistextcouldbe________.

A.HowtoEnjoyEasy

ReadingB.HowtoSetReading

Goals

C.HowtoFindTimeto

ReadD.HowtoRead

Extensively第二部分

綜合能力測試（限時60分鐘）

一、常識判斷題（共20題）

1.2017年中央經(jīng)濟工作會議指出，我國經(jīng)濟運行面臨的突出矛盾和問題，根源是重大結構性失衡。根據(jù)會議精神，下列關于解決重大結構性失衡的說法，正確的是（）。

A.主攻方向是提升需求數(shù)量，就是要重點提高有效需求

B.著力提升整個供給體系的質量，提高需求結構對供給結構的適應性

C.從供給側結構性改革上想辦法，努力實現(xiàn)供求關系新的動態(tài)平衡

D.根本途徑是深化改革，完善政府在資源配置中起決定性作用的體制機制

2.一個國家發(fā)展到中等收入階段（人均國內生產(chǎn)總值3000美元左右）后，可能走入中等收入的陷阱。下列不屬于當前我國防范“中等收入陷阱”措施的是（）。

A.放慢城市化進程，防止過度城市化

B.擴大和完善國內市場

C.縮小收入分配差距

D.優(yōu)化產(chǎn)業(yè)結構

3.國內生產(chǎn)總值（GDP）是國民經(jīng)濟核算體系中最重要的一個總量指標。下列關于GDP的說法正確的是（）。

A.衡量的是社會中間產(chǎn)品、最終產(chǎn)品和服務價值

B.是一個市場價值的概念，計量單位是貨幣單位

C.是一定時期內所實際銷售的最終產(chǎn)品價值

D.考察的是一國國民生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品和服務的市場價值

4.下列關于市場經(jīng)濟的說法，正確的是（）。

A.市場通過價格調節(jié)來協(xié)調各個經(jīng)濟主體的決策

B.市場經(jīng)濟是一種自上而下的調節(jié)

C.市場經(jīng)濟體制上是一種保護型經(jīng)濟

D.市場經(jīng)濟制度對稀缺資源的配置是萬能的

5.下列不屬于通貨膨脹表現(xiàn)的是（）。

A.名義收入不變的情況下，實際收入下降

B.社會總需求持續(xù)小于社會總供給

C.物價上漲

D.貨幣購買力降低

6.關于最惠國待遇原則，下列說法錯誤的是（）。

A.最惠國待遇不適用于知識產(chǎn)權的所有者和持有者

B.任何成員在享受最惠國待遇權利的同時也承擔最惠國待遇義務

C.當一成員國給予其他國家的某種優(yōu)惠自動轉給其他成員方時，其他標準必須相同

D.當一成員國給予其他國家的優(yōu)惠超過其他國家成員享有的優(yōu)惠時，其他成員便自動享有這種優(yōu)惠

7.貨幣政策是宏觀經(jīng)濟調控的重要手段之一。下列關于貨幣政策的表述錯誤的是（）。

A.經(jīng)濟過熱時適用緊縮性貨幣政策

B.經(jīng)濟蕭條時適用擴張性貨幣政策

C.發(fā)行貨幣債券是貨幣政策工具之一

D.我國貨幣政策調節(jié)的對象主要是貨幣供應量

8.中央銀行為商業(yè)銀行承擔最后貸款人的角色。對此，下列說法正確的是（）。

A.中央銀行是唯一的最后貸款人

B.最后貸款人的過度援助容易導致金融機構的道德風險，且中小銀行相對于大銀行更為明顯

C.中央銀行主要通過再貼現(xiàn)發(fā)揮最后貸款人的作用

D.最后貸款人的目標是維護整個經(jīng)濟體系的整體利益，而不是救助某個特定的金融機構

9.下列國際貿易政策中，屬于限制進口的政策的是（）。

A.商品傾銷

B.外匯傾銷

C.出口信貸

D.進口配額

10.在信息不對稱的情況下，履行合同過程中一方可能改變行為而損害另一方利益，這屬于（）。

A.逆向選擇

B.道德風險

C.外部性

D.政府失靈

11.理性經(jīng)濟人假設是現(xiàn)代西方經(jīng)濟學理論的邏輯基礎。對于該理論假設的理解，正確的是（）。

A.理性人假設意味著主張人人自私

B.完全“合乎理性的人”在現(xiàn)實中可能存在

C.經(jīng)濟主體追求的唯一目標是自身經(jīng)濟利益的最大化

D.“理性人”假定人在面臨兩種以上選擇時，可能選擇對自己不利的方案

12.下列資產(chǎn)屬于非金融資產(chǎn)的是（）。

A.銀行存款

B.股票

C.無形資產(chǎn)

D.債券

13.銀行通過其在日常業(yè)務活動中發(fā)行銀行券和支票等信用工具，以及借助于支票流通，以超出自有資本和吸收的資金總額而擴大信用時所發(fā)揮的一種職能，在金融中稱為（）。

A.信用創(chuàng)造

B.信用倍增

C.信用擴張

D.信用增值

14.用來表示經(jīng)濟社會在既定資源和技術條件所生產(chǎn)的各種商品最大數(shù)量的組合，反映了資源稀缺性與選擇性的經(jīng)濟學特征，該曲線稱為（）。

A.貿易選擇性曲線

B.生產(chǎn)組合性曲線

C.生產(chǎn)可能性曲線

D.貿易可能性曲線

15.下列關于外匯儲備的說法，錯誤的是（）。

A.外匯儲備是顯示一國經(jīng)濟、貨幣和國際收支等實力的重要指標

B.外匯儲備是一國用于清償對外債務的外幣積累

C.一國所持有的外匯儲備越多對其國內經(jīng)濟發(fā)展越有利

D.各國政府管理和經(jīng)營外匯儲備，一般遵循安全性、流動性和盈利性的原則

16.在證券回購市場中，證券公司為籌措資金，而以附買回條件的方式賣出自己持有的債券，稱為（）。

A.直接回購

B.轉讓回購

C.證券公司回購

D.委托回購

17.恩格爾系數(shù)是衡量宏觀經(jīng)濟狀況的一個重要指標。下列關于恩格爾系數(shù)的說法，正確的是（）。

①恩格爾系數(shù)用來綜合考察居民內部收入分配差異狀況

②恩格爾系數(shù)是衡量一個國家貧富的指標

③隨著國家的富裕程度加深，恩格爾系數(shù)呈下降趨勢

④恩格爾系數(shù)值越低，表明財富在社會成員之間的分配越均勻

A.①②

B.①③

C.②③

D.②④

18.下列城市中最先迎來一天中的黎明的是（）。

A.北京

B.烏魯木齊

C.上海

D.沈陽

19.下列科學發(fā)現(xiàn)與科學家對應錯誤的是（）。

A.光電效應———圖靈

B.X射線———倫琴

C.條件反射學說———巴甫洛夫

D.鐳———瑪麗?居里

20.下列使用家電的方法，不恰當?shù)氖牵ǎ?/p>

A.夏天開空調時關閉門窗以減少熱空氣滲入

B.梅雨季節(jié)經(jīng)常使用電視機以防內部潮濕

C.用滾筒洗衣機洗滌毛料和絲綢的衣服

D.將剛煮的雞蛋放入冰箱內降溫

二、選詞填空題（共10題）

21.歷史之所以被人敬而遠之，是因為它總是被人________，總是躲在書齋里面，普通大眾會覺得這東西離我們實在是太遙遠了。

填入畫橫線部分最恰當?shù)囊豁検牵ǎ?/p>

A.改弦更張B.束之高閣C.熟視無睹D.改頭換面

22.古人曾將對待人生的態(tài)度分為三類：一類是“安命”，即________命運的安排，不爭不抗；一類是“怨命”，即認為命運對自己不公，怨天尤人；一類是“造命”，即積極改變現(xiàn)狀，奮起與命運抗爭。不難看出“安命”常使人________，“怨命”則使人淪陷，而“造命”無論成敗都會令人生放射出光芒。

填入畫橫線部分最恰當?shù)囊豁検牵ǎ?/p>

A.服從

平凡B.隨從

平庸C.聽從

悲觀D.依從

坦然

23.當前環(huán)保監(jiān)察問責在問責程序上缺乏詳細可操作的規(guī)定，沒有形成完整的問責鏈條，特別是在追責事由的判斷上普遍使用“失誤”“失職”“不力”“失當”“違反……規(guī)定”等表意________的詞語，這直接造成行政問責一直未能形成客觀化的________標準，同時在問責信息公開上也存在較大阻力，影響到環(huán)保督察問責的規(guī)范性、可信性與公信力，亟待加以完善。

填入畫橫線部分最恰當?shù)囊豁検牵ǎ?/p>

A.籠統(tǒng)

操作B.模糊

計量C.含混

判斷D.抽象

認識

24.比起行業(yè)內少數(shù)從業(yè)者服務態(tài)度不佳、欺客宰客等現(xiàn)象，這家餐廳的貼心服務可謂________了消費者的痛點，其在服務上的一系列創(chuàng)新舉措，提升了消費者體驗，也是對消費者的尊重和滿足，一度刷新了行業(yè)服務標高。

填入畫橫線部分最恰當?shù)囊豁検牵ǎ?/p>

A.撫慰

要求B.解決

需求C.解除

預期D.觸碰

愿望

25.花茶甘涼而兼芳香辛散之氣，有利于散發(fā)________在人體內的冬季寒邪，促進體內陽氣生發(fā)，令人________。

填入畫橫線部分最恰當?shù)囊豁検牵ǎ?/p>

A.沉積

耳聰目明B.積累

心曠神怡

C.堆積

豁然開朗D.積聚

神清氣爽

26.市場的博弈是導火索。

誰提供更誘人的套餐和資費、更優(yōu)質的服務，誰便可能擁有更大的市場份額———運營商深諳這樣的市場規(guī)律，競爭對手的任何一個改變都可能引發(fā)“破窗效應”。面對長途漫游費，三大運營商相繼________，其實是遵循市場規(guī)律的必然選擇。

填入畫橫線部分最恰當?shù)囊豁検牵ǎ?/p>

A.革舊圖新B.推陳出新C.棄之度外D.忍痛割愛

27.與先輩不同，這一新生代的中國研究人員不愿意________接受古籍中的描寫，在希冀精確追溯中國歷史的嘗試中，他們所________的是實物、數(shù)據(jù)以及更為“西式”的方法。

填入畫橫線部分最恰當?shù)囊豁検牵ǎ?/p>

A.直接擅長B.無端強調

C.被動依靠D.全盤倚重

28.土壤動物作為生態(tài)系統(tǒng)物質循環(huán)中的重要消費者，在生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中起著重要的作用。一方面積極同化各種有用物質以________自身，另一方面又將其排泄產(chǎn)物歸還到環(huán)境中不斷________環(huán)境。

填入畫橫線部分最恰當?shù)囊豁検牵ǎ?/p>

A.改造建造B.建造改造

C.塑造改變D.強健完善

29.休閑娛樂是許多觀眾對電影的主要訴求，這________。

但電影還是一種文化藝術，它不僅僅承擔著娛樂功能，還具有審美和教育等藝術功能，需要________價值和理想。

如果觀眾對電影的訴求一直停留在娛樂上，那對市場將是一種縱容和誤導。

填入畫橫線部分最恰當?shù)囊豁検牵ǎ?/p>

A.無可厚非寄托B.不言而喻蘊涵

C.眾所周知體現(xiàn)D.了然于心具備

30.在現(xiàn)實生活中，科學家們表示他們已經(jīng)研發(fā)出新的耕種系統(tǒng)，可以在________的環(huán)境中種植紅薯和草莓，這種種植方式有望應用在火星或月球上。宇航員們可以在國際空間站上種植生菜，但是登上火星的宇航員需要更多的高熱量食物，這種方法若成功應用在火星上，屆時，宇航員在火星上就可以享用紅薯，________體能。

填入畫橫線部分最恰當?shù)囊豁検牵ǎ?/p>

A.貧瘠保存B.惡劣儲蓄

C.單一增強D.極端提升

三、閱讀理解題（共10題）

31.19世紀，愛默生和其他一些作家向讀者傳授一種被稱為“自助論”的理論。在這些人看來，一個有個性的人必須要有一顆充實的大腦。在這種思想的指導下，為了得到他人的尊重，有必要在閑暇時廣泛涉獵文化史上的杰出著作。同時，也有必要熟悉哲學、神學和世界范圍內的重大政治事件。這種風氣在一個多世紀的時間里塑造了美國新聞業(yè)。在那幾十年里，雜志致力于推廣古典歌劇、高雅藝術和宗教神學，而不是電影或大眾健康常識。

這段文字意在說明（）。

A.廣泛閱讀可以充實我們的大腦

B.主流媒體有引導大眾品味的責任

C.新聞媒體是主流文化觀的集中體現(xiàn)

D.自助論為美國新聞業(yè)的發(fā)展提供了方向

32.幽默需要有豐富的知識、高尚的思想以及良好的文化修養(yǎng)，正如已故作家老舍先生所說：“幽默者的心是熱的?！毙男鬲M窄、知識膚淺、行為粗俗、情調低下者，雖然有時也能引人發(fā)笑，但那多是淺薄、無知的表白，絕不是含蓄、高雅的幽默。

關于幽默作者未提及的特征是（）。

A.有知識的涵養(yǎng)

B.有犧牲的精神

C.有高尚的思想

D.有高雅的風度

33.自海洋石油鉆井平臺、潛艇等超大型機械相繼出現(xiàn)以來，半潛船才漸漸找尋到自己的用武之地。半潛船裝運貨物既可利用獨特的沉浮方式，又能借助碼頭設施采用滾裝、滑裝、吊裝等多種方式，具有很強的靈活性和方便性。此外，半潛船大多具有自航能力，航速可達到15節(jié)以上，能大大縮短重要設備的運輸周期。同時，由于自身攜帶設備少，燃料消耗少，半潛船續(xù)航能力可達到數(shù)萬公里。更為重要的是，半潛船是通過半潛方式在水中航行，吃水較深，甲板常常與水面一致，因而抗擊大風大浪的穩(wěn)定性極高。

根據(jù)這段文字，以下說法正確的是（）。

A.半潛船僅能采用沉浮方式裝載貨物

B.半潛船的主要不足是速度相對緩慢

C.半潛船較穩(wěn)是由于航行時吃水較深

D.在超大型貨物出現(xiàn)后半潛船才出現(xiàn)

34.民族的文化傳統(tǒng)和歷史的文化信息被大量地記載于歷史經(jīng)典文獻中，但又不僅僅局限于經(jīng)典文獻。除此之外，還有各種各樣的歷史文物，作為歷史文化的載體被保存下來。傳統(tǒng)村落就是這樣一個歷史文化載體，相對于經(jīng)典文獻和地下挖掘出來的古物史料，傳統(tǒng)村落所承載的有關中華民族文化的歷史信息更具鮮活性，是我們中華民族文明發(fā)展史的“實證”，是中華文明淵源有自的“活證”。我認為，它比文字、古物更能真實地反映中華民族不同地域、不同族群的生產(chǎn)生活方式、道德倫理觀念，以及民族習俗風情。因此，我們有充分的理由重視傳統(tǒng)村落，保護傳統(tǒng)村落。

這段文字意在強調（）。

A.保護傳統(tǒng)村落對于保護民族歷史文化有著重要意義

B.應采取多種方式和途徑傳承、保護民族歷史文化

C.傳統(tǒng)村落是中華歷史文化的重要載體和現(xiàn)實體現(xiàn)

D.傳統(tǒng)村落文化較之經(jīng)典文獻更能鮮活地展現(xiàn)歷史

35.隨著智能手機的功能不斷增加，手機電池有限的續(xù)航能力已不能滿足待機需要，充電寶順理成章地成為高頻應用。而共享充電準入門檻低，線下布局容易，只要抓住“流量”和“剛需”，共享充電幾乎是一樁可以看得見盈利的生意。隨著標準的最后敲定，5Ｇ時代或在2019—2020年到