考研英語（閱讀）模擬試卷274

考研英語(閱讀)模擬試卷274

一、閱讀(常規(guī)閱讀理解)(本題共2。題，每題

分,共20分。)

Effortscouldpotentiallyavoidatleastsomeofthepsychopa(hy(men(alillness)that

underliesschoolshootings,sincemedicinenowcanhelpeven(hemostseverelyill.And

theywouldalsobenefitthemanyyoungpeoplestrugglingwithfarlessextremebrain

disorders.TheU.S.SecretService,whichstudies"targetedviolence",providesinsighton

theurgencyoftheneedinits2002"SafeSchoolInitiative"report:Schoolattacks,instead

ofbeingtherandomimpulsiveactsofnoisyandcruelfellows,arewell-plannedevents

mostlycarriedoutbyasinglestudent一whoisnotevilbutmentallyill.Exceptforbeing

male,the41attackersstudiedfitnoprofileoffamilybackground,race,ethnicity,oreven

academicperformance.ManywereAandBstudents.Fewhadahistoryofviolentor

criminalbehavior.Buttheirthoughtswereofviolence,andtheirbehaviorwasoften

intimidating.Theyfrequentlyexpressedviolentthemesintheirwritings,inoneinstance

portrayingkillingandsuicideassolutionstofeelingsofdespair.Thecriminalsoftenhad

telegraphedtootherstudentsandteacherstheirdepressionordesperationandeither

talkedaboutorhadattemptedsuicide.Feelingsofpersecutionbyotherswerecommon

andledtogrowingresentmentandanger.Psychiatristsandpsychologistsrecognizethat

theseareredflagsdemandingmedicalintervention.Yetonecfthemoststrikingfindings

inthereportwasthatthevastmajorityofthesestudentsneverhadamental-health

evaluation.Nowonderonly17percentwerediagnosedwithapsychiatricillness—it

wasn'tlookedfor.Thatalonepointstoahugementalhealthgap:Ifthedistressofthese

studentsdidn'ttriggermedicalattention,it'sunlikelythatlessseverestrugglesthatare

seeninasmanyas15to20percentofotherstudentswilldoso.Onlyrecentlyhavewe

learnedthatthesearencurodevelopmentaldisorderswhoseearlysignsmightwellbe

pickedupinroutinepediatricscreening.Forexample,aclassicbehaviorinachildthat

canprecedepsychosislaterinlifeisspeakingtoalmostnoone.evenfamily,says

Nasrallah.Genesareknowntoconfervulnerability,butequallyimportantisthe

environment.Stressorgreatdisappointmentcanaggravatesymptoms;connectingwithan

aduhinanongoingrelationshipcandotheopposite.Interventionslikesocial-skills

(rainingcombinedwithtalktherapyandtargetedmedicationcanmakeahugedifference.

Earlyirealmenlcanlessen(hefrequencyandintensityofpsychoticepisodes,leaving

manypatientswithonlytheniildesiofsymptoms.Andtheyoungerthebrain,themore

malleablei(is.Theultimategoalis(onotonlymodifyevolutionofdiseasebutkeepit

fromarisingin(hefirstplace.Thisisachievable,andthepathtogetthereisbecoming

clear.

1、AccordingtotheUSSecretService,schoolattacksarecharacterizedas

A、reactive.

B、revengeful.

C、plotted.

D^impulsive.

標準答案：C

知識點解析：事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)theUSSecretService定位到第二段。解題關(guān)鍵是

對Schoolattacks...notevilbutmentallyill這一長難句的理解?和把握。該句提到校園

暴力襲擊是經(jīng)過周密計劃政(well-planned),故選C項。

2、Onecommoncharacteristicofschoolattackersisthat

A、theyexhibitbadacademicperformances.

B、theyhaveviolentthoughtsandintimidatingbehavior.

C、theyregardhomicideandsuicideaswaysoftacklingdespair.

D、theyhaverecordsofviolenceandcrimes.

標準答案：B

知識點解析：事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)Schoolaltackers定位到第二段。諸如bu【，

however和yet這樣的轉(zhuǎn)折詞往往是重要信息可能出現(xiàn)的地方，文中講到這些校園

襲擊者的共同特點是思想暴力，行為咄咄逼人，故選B項。

3、WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraph3?

A^Thereisahugegapbetweenhumanmentality.

B、Theschoolattackershaveneverhadanymentalhealthevaluation.

C、Medicalattentionshouldbepaidtothedistressofschoolattackers.

D、Thefindingsoftherepor:astonishedpsychiatristsandpsychologists.

標準答案：C

知識點解析：推理判斷題。文中提到大多數(shù)制造校園暴力事件的學生都沒有接受過

心理健康測試，也就是這樣的醫(yī)療忽視造成了很嚴重的后果。而該段最后一句中的

Ifthedistress…則暗示這些學生應(yīng)該得到醫(yī)療關(guān)注，故推斷得出C項。

4、Theword"malleable"(Line5,Paragraph5)isclosestinmeaningto

A、miserable.

B、adaptable.

C、vulnerable.

D、active.

標準答案：B

知識點解析：語義理解題。該詞所在句子的上一句說“早期治療可以減少精神病發(fā)

病頻率和強度，使得最后只呈現(xiàn)十分輕微的癥狀，由此推斷此處是說人越是年輕，

大腦越容易改變，治療效果也越好，故選B項。

5、Whatcanweconcludefromthelastparagraph?

AsBothgenesandenviromrientshouldbeimprovedtotacklebraindisorders.

B、Preventionisbyfarmoreimportantthantreatment.

C、Mentaldisordersarccurable,andtheearlierthebetter.

D、EarlyIreatmentcanreducethesufferingsandterminatea'lthesymptoms.

標準答案：C

知識點解析：推理判斷題。最后一段提到及早治療效果好，而且治療的最終目的還

包括使病人不會再次發(fā)病，這是可以實現(xiàn)的，故選C項。

Human-inducedclimatechangeislikelytomakemanypartsoftheworlduninhabitable,

oratleastuneconomic.Overthecourseofafewdecades,ifnotsoonerhundredsof

millionsofpeoplemaybecompelledtorelocatebecauseofenvironmentalpressures.To

asignificantextent,waterwillbethemostimportantdeterminantofthesepopulation

movements.Dramaticalterationsintherelationbetweenwaterandsocietywillbe

widespread,asemphasizedinthenewreportfromWorkingGroupIIofthe

IntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange.Theseshiftsmayincluderisingsealevels,

strongertropicalcyclones,thelossofsoilmoisiureunderhigherlemperaiures,more

intenseprecipitationandflooding,morefrequentdroughts,themeltingofglaciersandthe

changingseasonalityofsnowmelt.Impactswillvarywidelyacrosstheworld.Itwillbe

importanttokeepoureyeonatleastfourzones:low-lyingcoastalsettlements,farm

regionsdependentonriversfedbysnowmeltandglaciermelt,subhumidandarid

regions,andhumidareasinSoutheastAsiavulnerabletochangesinmonsoonpatterns.A

significantriseinsealevels,evenbyafractionofametercouldruintensoreven

hundredsofmillionsofpeople.Onestudyfoundthatalthoughcoastalareaslessthan10

metersabovesealevelconstituteonly2percentoftheworld'sland,theycontain10

percentofitspopulation.Thesecoastalzonesarevulnerabletostormsurgesand

increasedintensityoftropicalcyclones-callittheNewOrleansEffect.Regionsmuch

fartherinlandwillwither.Hundredsofmillionsofpeople,includingmanyofthepoorest

farmhouseholds,liveinrivervalleyswhereirrigationisfedbymeltingglaciersand

snow.Theannualsnowmeltiscomingearliereveryyear,synchronizingitlessandless

wellwiththesummergrowingseason,andtheglaciersaredisappearingaltogether.Thus,

thevastnumbersoffarmersintheIndo-GangeticPlainwillmostlikelyfacesevere

disruptionsinwateravailability.Untilnow,theclimatedebatehasfocusedonthebasic

scienceandthecostsandbenefitsofreducinggreenhousegasemissions.Attentionwill

nowincreasinglyturntotheurgentchallengeofadaptingtothechangesandhelping

thosewhoarcmostaffected.Somehard-hitplaceswillherescuedbybetterinfrastructure

thatprotectsagainststormsurgesoreconomizesonwaterforagriculture.Otherswill

shiftsuccessfullyfromagriculturetoindustryandservices.Yetsonicplaceswillbe

unabletoadjustaltogether,andsufferingpopulationswillmostlikelymove.Wearejust

beginningtounderstandthesephenomenainquantitativeterms.Economists,

hydrologists,agronomistsandclimatologistswillhavetojoinforcestotakethenextsteps

inscientificunderstandingofthishumancrisis.

6、Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs?

A^Manyplacesintheworldareunsuitabletoliveinduetoclimatechange.

B、Environmentalpressuresmayrenderplentyofpeopledisplaced.

C、Manypeoplemayhavetoleavetheirhometownsforlackofwater.

D、Risingsealevelswillbequiteacommonphenomenonaroundtheworld.

標準答案：B

知識點解析：事實細節(jié)題。答案在第一、二段中找。文中提到氣候變化可能會在不

久的將來迫使人們遷移。故選B項。

Afterclashesbetweenrio(policeandprotesters,workersatiheKeihinHotelinTokyo

wereforciblyejectedonJanuaiy25th.TheyhadbeenfiredinOctoberwhenthehotel

wentbankrupt,butdecidedtokeepitrunning—anexampleofthelengthstowhich

peoplewillgotokeeptheirjobsinJapan,whereunemploymentissuddenlyrisingatan

alarmingrate.Over150,000peopleareexpectedtolosetheirjobsbetweenOctoberand

March.HisashiYamadaoftheJapanResearchInstituteexpects1.5millionjoblossesby

(heendofnextyear,liftingtheunemploymentratefrom4%lastyeartoover6%.Though

lowbyinternationalstandards,yetthatisexceptionallyhighinJapan.Hardesthilwillbe

"non-regular"workers—thosewhoworkpart-time,asday-laborers,forafixedduration,

orunderagencycontracts."Regular"workersenjoybenefitssuchashousing,bonuses,

trainingand(usually)lifetimeemployment,butnon-regularworkersearnaslittleas40%

ofthepayforthesamework,anddonotreceivetraining,pensionsorunemployment

insurance.Inthepast20yearstheirnumbershavegrowntoone-thirdofallworkers.For

yearsmostJapaneseignoredIheirpredicament.Butnowtheirproblemshaveeruptedinto

plainsight.InJanuaryaround500recentlyfired,homelesspeoplesetupatentvillagein

HibiyaPark一ahighlyvisiblespotinthecentreofTokyo.Politiciansandtelevisionnews

crewsflockedtothescene.Theembarrassedcitygovernmenteventuallyfound

accommodationforthepark'shomelessinunusedcity-ownedbuildings,thoughitput

themupforonlyaweek.TheproblemisthatJapanlacksasocialsafetynet,saysMakoto

Yuasa,theorganizeroftheHibiyatentvillage,whodroppedoutofaPhDprogramat

TokyoUniversitytohelphomelesspeople.Becausefamiliesorcompaniestraditionally

lookedafterpeople,thestatedidnothaveto.Moreover,thereisastigmainJapanifan

unemployedpersonasksforhelp:"Ifyoudon'twork,youdon'tdeservetoeat”,the

sayinggoes.Yettherearesignsofchange.Themainpoliticalpartiesrecognizetheneed

(oestablishbettersupportandtrainingfbrnon-regularworkers.Andthereisevenanew

governmentprogramtohelpunemployedforeignworkers,suchasBrazilianswho

workedatcarfactories,sothattheydonotleaveJapaniftheyarelaidoff.Witha

shrinkingpopulationandworkforce,losingskilledhandswouldonlycompoundthe

country'swoeswhentheeconomyeventuallyrecovers.

11、WecaninferfromtheeventofKeihinHotelinJapanthat

A、workerswouldtryeverymeanstokeeptheirjobs.

B、theprotestersarefiredbecauseofseveralconflicts.

C、thehotelhastobeshutdowntoavoidfurtherclashes.

D^uiiciiipluycdwoikciscauseinslabililyinthesociety.

標準答案：A

知識點解析：事實細節(jié)題?？疾槔C細節(jié)。根據(jù)KeihinHo⑹定位到第一段。例子

要說明的情況通常出現(xiàn)在例子的前面或者后面。該段提到的KeihinHotel事件是人

們?yōu)榱吮Ｗ∽约旱娘埻氩贿z余力的一個例子。故選A項。

12>Themaindifferencebetweenregularworkersandnon-regularworkersliesin

A、workingenvironment

B、legalstatus.

C^jobbenefits.

D、laborintensity.

標準答案：C

知識點解析：事實細節(jié)題?？疾檗D(zhuǎn)折細節(jié)，答案在第二技。題干問的是正式工和非

正式工的主要差別。文中提到正式工能享受住房、獎金、培訓等福利，但是非正式

工卻沒有，故選C項。

13、Theword"predicament"(Line1,Paragnph3)mostprobablymeans

A、plight.

B、inferiority,

C、poverty.

misery.

標準答案：A

知識點解析；詞義理解題。答案在第三段。predicament一詞出現(xiàn)在第三段首句

中，通常段落的首句往往起到承上啟下的作用，第二段主要講非正式工所承受的不

公待遇及所遭遇的問題。而第三段第二句指出非正式工的難題已是有目共睹，那

么之前那句話中過往人們忽略的便是他們的“困境”，故選A項“困境”。

14>Thetextsuggeststhat(entvillageinHibiyaParkhas

A、shownmostlaid-offworkersinTokyowerehomeless.

B、helped500homelessorjoblesspeopletofindalivingplace.

C、changedthetraditionalviewofworkinginJapan.

D、pushedthecitygovernmenttoaddressthesocialsecurityproblem.

標準答案：D

知識點解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)HibiyaPark定位到第三段。該段提到Hibiya公園

的帳篷村促使很多政府部門和政客們紛紛關(guān)注并開始著手解決這一問題，故選D

項。

15、Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?

A^TheunemploymentrateinJapanisrelativelyhighcomparedwithothernations.

B、ThepresentunemploymentrateinJapanisamongthehighestinitshistory.

C、Thegovernmenthasnotyetrecognizedtheneedtohelpnon-regularworkers.

D^Thegovernmentisreluctanttotakemeasurestokeepthetechnicalworkers.

標準答案：B

知識點解析：事實細節(jié)題。迅速瀏覽選項，根據(jù)A、B項中的unemployment定位

到第一段，該段提到盡管根據(jù)國際標準口本的失業(yè)率還算是低的，但是在口本國內(nèi)

這一比率已是奇高無比了，故選B項。

Boysandgirlsusedtogrowupandsetaside(heirchildishpursuits.Notanymore.These

days,menandwomenholdontotheirinnerkid.Theylivewiththeirparentsfarlonger

(hanpreviousgenerations.They'regettingmarriedlater.Evenwhentheyhavekids,

momsanddadsdownloadpopsongsfortheircellphoneringtones,playvideogames,

watchcartoons,andindulgeinfoodsfromtheirchildhood.ChristopherNoxonexplores

thisPeterPancultureinhisnewbook,Rejuvenile:Kickball,Cartoons,Cupcakes,andthe

ReinventionoftheAmericanGrownup.Forrejuvenilestoday,allroadsleadhacktoPeter

Panandtheturnofthetwentiethcentury.Thenaturalcapacitiesofchildren,whichfor

cencurieshadbeenviewedasweakandobstinatewereover(hecourseofthesefewyears

discoveredasaprimarysourceofinspirationandprofit.Itwouldbeanothercentury

beforetherejuvenilerebellionweknowtoday,butresistancetowhathistorianWoody

Registercalls"theweakeningprudence,restraintandsolemnityofgrowingup"began

here,withthefirstflightofPanandthedawnofthetwentiethcentury.Thetemptation

todayistothinkofadulthoodasahistoricandnaturalfact.Ina2004essayon"The

PerpetualAdolescent,"JosephEpsteinwrotethatadulthoodwastreatedas(he"lengthiest

andmostearnestpartoflife,whereeverythingserioushappened."Tostrayoutsidethe

definedboundariesofadulthood,hewrote,was"togoagainstwhatwasnaturaland

therebytoappearinappropriate,topulone'sworldsomehowoutofjoint."Beforethe

IndustrialRevolution,noonethoughtmuchaboutadulthood,andevenlessabout

childhood.InsixteenthcenturyEurope,forinstance,"childrensharedthesamegames

withadults,thesametoys,andthesamefairystories.Theylivedtheirlivestogether,

neverapart,"noteshistorianJ.H.Phimb.Thisshouldn'tsuggestthatpeopleinthepast

didn'tdistinguishbetweenkidsandgrown-ups.Ofcoursetheydid.Thedistinctionforms

thebasisofritesofpassagethatareasoldashumanhistory.A-mazonianinitiationrites,

JewishBarandBatMitzvahs.Christianconfirmations—allservethesamebasicfunction:

toformallyannouncetheendofchildhoodandtheassumptionofnewdutiesand

freedoms.It'samistake,though,toconfusematuritywithadulthood.Thematurity

celebratedintraditionalritesofpassageisnotthesamethingastheideaofadulthood

hatchedacenturyagobyagroupofVictorianclergymenandsocietyladies.Maturityis

old."Adulthood"isnew.

16xAccordingtothepassage,PeterPancultureisprobablyaphenomenonthat

A^peoplecastawaytheirchildishpursuitsoncetheygrowup.

B、peopleindulgeinfoodsandgamesfromtheirchildhood.

C、peoplestillactinachildishwaywhentheyareadults.

D^peoplehangontotheiradultinterestsandattitudes.

標準答案：C

知識點解析：事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)PeterPan