考研英語(yǔ)（閱讀）模擬試卷343

考研英語(yǔ)（閱讀）模擬試卷343

一、閱讀（常規(guī)閱讀理解）（本題共20題，每題7.0

分，共20分。）

Moreboysthangirlsarcbornallovertheworld,butanewstudyhasfoundthatthe

closerpeoplelivetotheequator,thesmallerthedifferencebecomes.Nooneknowswhy.

Theskewedsexratioatbirthhasbeenknownformorethanahundredyears,and

researchershavefoundalargevarietyofsocial,economicandbiologicalfactorsthat

correlatewithit—war,economicstress,age,diet,selectiveabortionorinfanticideand

more.Teasingoutthecontributionofanysingleculturalorpoliticalvariablehasproved

analmostinfinitelycomplicatedexercise.Butlatitudeisanaturalphenomenon,

unaffectedbyculturaloreconomicfactors.Tolookatitseffect,KristenJ.Navaraofthe

UniversityofGeorgiausedthelatitudeofthecapitalcityin202countries,aswellas10

yearsofdataonsexratioatbirthandannualvariationsindaylengthandtemperature.To

estimatesocioeconomicstatusforeachcounlry,sheusedstatisticsonunemploymentand

grossnationalproduct.Shealsocalculatedapoliticalinstabilityindexusingananalysis

ofstalefailureandconflictpublishedbytheFundforPeace,aresearchorganizationthat

combines12social,economicandpoliticalindicatorstoestimatetherelativestabilityof

theworld'snations.ThenDr.Navaraperformedastatisticalanalysistofigureoutwhich

variablesaffectsexratio.ThereportappearedonlineApril1inBiologyLetters.The

numberofboysbornwasnotrelatedtosocioeconomicandpoliticalfactors,buttherewas

asignificantcorrelationbetweensexratiosskewedinfavorofboysandlatitudeandthe

climatevariablesthatgowithit.Africancountriesproducedthelowestsexratios-50.7

percentboysandEuropeanandAsiancountrieshadthehighestwith51.4percent.The

effectoflatitude,Dr.Navarafound,persistedacrosswidevariationsinlifestyleand

socioeconomicstatus.Therewerelargedifferencesinsexratiobetweentropicalregions

within23degreesoftheequatorandthetemperateregions23to50degreesnorthor

south,butnodifferencebetweenthetemperateregionsandthesubarcticnorthof50

degrees.Thepopulationofpeoplelivingsouthof50degreeswastoosmalltobeincluded

intheanalysis.Thecorrelationwithlatitudewasunchangedevenafterexcludingdata

fromAsianandAfricancountriesthatmighthavebeenskewedbyabortionorthekilling

ofbabygirls.Sosexselectionbyparentsbeforeoratbirthdoesnotexplainthe

correlation.

1、Accordingtoanewstudy..

A-.sexratioisdeterminedbywherepeoplelive

B、sexratioatbirthisskewedailovertheworld

C、theskewedsexratioisanaturalphenomenon

D、thepercentageofboysbornvarieswithlatitude

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:根據(jù)第一段中的"…anewstudyhasfoundthatthecloserpeopleliveto

theequator,thesmallerthedifferencebecomes”可知，新生男孩與女孩的比例隨緯度

變化，也就是。新生男孩的百分比隨緯度變化。所以，D應(yīng)為答案。

2、Thesexratioatbirth.

A、reststosomeextentwiththedistancetoequator

B、ismainlydeterminedbyabortionorinfanticide

C、correlatesonlywithculturaloreconomicfactors

D、relatedtoeverysingleculturalorpoliticalvariable

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A-

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)第一段中的“…anewstudyhasfoundthatthecloserpeopleliveto

theequator,thesmallerthedifferencebecomes"，A應(yīng)為答案。

3、Theauthorarguesthatthesexratioatbirthis.

A^anaturalphenomenonnotsubjecttohumanactivities

B、unaffectedbyculturaloreconomicfactorsinacountry

C、relatedtoannualvariationsindaylengthandtemperature

D、associatedwiththerelativestabilityoftheworld'snations

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)第三段中的“Tolookatitseffect,KristenJ.Navara...usedthe

latitude...andannualvariationsindaylengthandtemperature”,以及第六段中的

"...therewasasignificantcorrelationbetweensexratios...andlatitudeandtheclimate

variablesthatgowithit”,C應(yīng)為答案。

4、Theauthorassertsthatthecorrelationofsexratioandlatitudeis.

A、affectedbyvariationsinsocioeconomicstatus

B、invulnerabletoabortionorkillingofbabygirls

C、vulnerabletosexselectionbyparentsbeforebirth

D^tobeverifiedwithevidenceofmoreyearsofdata

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)最后一段中的“Thecorrelationwithlatitudewasunchangedeven

afterexcludingdatafromAsianandAfricancountriesthatmighthavebeenskewedby

abortionorthekillingofbabygirls"，B應(yīng)為答案。

5、Thepropertitleforthetextshouldbe.

A、SexRatioSeentoVarybyLatitude

ClimatefactorsAffectingSexRatio

C、StatisticsaboutHumanPopulations

D、VariationsinSocioeconomicStatus

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)第一段中的“…thecloserpeoplelivetotheequator,thesmallerthe

differencebecomes"，第三段中的"Butlaliludeisanaturalphenomenon,unaffected

by../*,第六段中的”...therewasasignificantcorrelationbetweensexratios...and

latitude...第八段中的“Thecorrelationwithlatitudewasunchanged…”可知.本文主

要討論“sexratio”與“l(fā)atitude”的相關(guān)性。所以,A應(yīng)為答案。

Bigdecisionsmakemenervous.I'mokaywhenitcomestoorderingdinnerorbuyinga

newpairofjeans,butifI'mselectingahouse,ajob,orevenamate,somepartofme

alwayswonderswhetherI'mmakingthebestchoice.ItsnotthatI'maslavetoperfection.

It'sjustthatI'msimplytryingtosteerclearoffutureregretsandtheanger,frustration,

grief,andself-blamethataccompanythemandmakeregretsuchanunwelcome,energy-

drainingemotion.Inthedark,longdaysofwinter,it'snaturaltospendtimeinternally

focused,lookingbackoverourlives.Siftingthroughthepastishowwefindmeaning,so

wccanenrichthedaystoconicwithgreaterwisdomandclarity.Butsometimesthis

thoughtprocessturnsonus,andregrettakesonalifeofitsown,affectingourmoodsand

health.Regretisoneofthemostfeltbutleastdiscussedemotions.Whiledirectinga

stressdisordersclinicyearsago,Ibecameconvincedthatself-blamewasoneofthe

primarythoughtpatterns:hatpreventedemotionalandevenphysicalhealingin

my(mostlyfemale)patients.Ruminatingabouthowwrongordeficientyouare(How

couldIhavebeensostupid?orWhatanidiotIam!)makesyoufeelsmallandashamed.It

pullsyououtofthepresentandkeepsyoustuckinthepast,destroysyourpeaceofmind,

andelevatesthestresshormoneCortisol.HighCortisollevels,inturn,canundermine

immunity,memory,metabolism,andevencardiachealth.Ihefirststeptounderstanding

regretinyourownlifeistolearnhowitworks.CornellUniversitypsychologistThomas

Gilovichsaysthatregretcomesinthreeemotionalflavors:hot,wistful,anddespairing.

Whentheguyyou'vebeendatingturnsouttobemarried,you'relikelytoexperience

regretasthe"hot"emotionsofanger,embarrassment,andirritation.Whenyouthink

abouthowfastyourkidsgrewupandwishthatyou'dspentmoretimewiththem,your

regretswillprobablyfallintothe"wistful"category,wherenostalgiaandsentiment

prevail.Whenyourealizethatyouinvestedyourpensionwithaconartistwhoskipped

town,youmayexperienceregretashelplessnessandutterdesperation.Gilovichalso

foundthatshort-termregretisstrongerforactionsyoutook(youboughtafabulouspairof

shoesthatcostaweek'ssalary)thanforinactions(youpassedupthosegreatshoesand

woreyouroldonestoyourbestfriend'swedding).Conversely,long-termregretis

strongerforactionsandopportunitiesthatyoupassedup(thatpersonyoudidn'tdateor

thedegreeyouneverfinished)thanforactionsyoutook.

6、Theauthorfeelsnervouswhenmakingbigdecisionsbecausehe.

A^isbornindecisiveandirresolute

B、dislikesmakingdefinitedecisions

C、lacksenoughintelligencetodoso

D^attemptstoavoidtheensuingregrets

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)第二段中的“…I'msimplytryingtosteerclearoffutureregretsand

theanger,frustration,grief,andself—blamethataccompanyD應(yīng)為答

案。

7、Itisn'talwaysbeneficialtolookbackoverourlivessincewemay.

A、failtofindanymeaninginourlives

B、feelunsatisfiedwiththethingswedid

C^feelregretfulaboutwhatwedidinthepast

D、becomelesscourageoustoliveinthefuture

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)第三段最后一句"Butsometimesthisthoughtprocessturnsonus,

andregrettakesonalifeofitsown,affectingourmoodsandhealth"，C應(yīng)為答案.

8、Regretisaharmfulemotionsinceit.

A、seriouslydamagesone'shealth

makesonefeelsmallandashamed

C^isusuallyaccompaniedbyself-blame

D、detersphysicalandemotionalhealing

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)第五段所談到的“regret”可能導(dǎo)致的各種后果，A應(yīng)為答案。

9、Ifonewantstobetterunderstandregret,heshouldfirstknowsomething

about.

A、threeemotionalflavors

B、itsworkingmechanism

C、itstypicalsymptoms

D、itsthreecategories

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)第六段第一句"Thefirststeptounderstandingregretinyourownlife

istolearnhowitworksv,B應(yīng)為答案。

10、Accordingtothetext,thepersonwhofailstomakebigdecisionsandtakeactionsis

likely.

A、tofeelunsatisfiedandself-condemned

B、tosufferstrongerregrelforalongtime

C、tobecomerestlessandextremelyimpatient

D、tobeafflictedbyfrustration,andself-blame

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)全文最后一句“…long-termregretisstrongerforactionsand

opportunitiesthatyoupassedup…"，B應(yīng)為答案。

Everyyear,depressionaffectsmorethat19millionAmericans,butmenaccountforonly

aboutonein10diagnosedcases.Becauseofthis,depressionwasonceconsidereda

"woman'sdisease1',linkedtohormonesandpremenstrualsyndrome.Thelingering

stereotypeofdepressionbeingafemaleconditionmaypreventsomemenfrom

recognizingitssymptomsandseekingappropriatetreatment.Inreality,depressionaffects

bothsexes,disruptingrelationshipsandinterferingwithworkanddailyactivities.The

symptomsofdepressionaresimilarforbothmenandwomen,buttheytendtobe

expresseddifferently.Themostcommonsymptomsofdepressionincludelowself

esteem,suicidalthoughts,lossofinterestinusuallypleasurableactivities,fatigue,

changesinappetite,sleepdisturbances,apathyandsexualproblems,includingreduced

sexdrive.Thereareseveralreasonswhythesymptomsofdepressioninmenarenot

commonlyrecognized:Mentendtodenyhavingproblemsbecausetheyaresupposedto

"bestrong".Americanculturesuggeststhatexpressingemotionislargelyafemininetrail.

Asaresult,menwhoaredepressedaremorelikelytotalkaboutthephysicalsymptoms

oftheirdepression,suchasfeelingtired,ratherthanthoserelatedtoemotions.

Depressioncanaffectsexualdesireandperformance.Menoftenareunwillingtoadmitto

problemswiththeirsexuality——mistakenlyfeelingthattheproblemsarcrelatedtotheir

manhood,wheninfacttheyarecausedbyamedicalproblemsuchasdepression.The

observablesymptomsofmaledepressionarenotaswellunderstoodasthoseinwomen.

Menarelesslikelytoshow"typical'1signsofdepression,suchascrying,sadness,lossof

interestinpreviouslyenjoyableactivities,orverballyexpressingthoughtsofsuicide.

Instead,menaremorelikelytokeeptheirfeelingshidden,butmaybecomemoreirritable

andaggressive.Forthesereasons,manymen—aswellasdoctorsandotherhealthcare

professionalsfailtorecognizetheproblemasdepression.Somementalhealthcare

professionalssuggestthatifthesymptomsofdepressionwereexpandedtoincludeanger,

blame,lashingoutandabuseofalcohol,moremenmightbediagnosedwithdepression

andtreatedappropriately.Depressioninmencanhavedevastatingconsequences.The

CentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionreportthatmenintheU.S.areaboutfour

timesmorelikelythanwomentocommitsuicide.Astaggering75-80%ofallpeoplewho

commitsuicideintheU.S.aremen.Thoughmorewomenattemptsuicide,moremenare

successfulatactuallyendingtheirlives.Thismaybeduetothefactthatmentendtouse

morelethalmethodsofcommittingsuicide,forexampleusingagunratherthantakingan

overdose.

11、Thenotionthatdepressionisafemaleconditionis.

A、absurd

illogical

C^outofdate

D、stillprevalent

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)第一段最后一句"Thelingeringstereotypeofdepressionbeinga

femalecondition...D應(yīng)為答案。

12、Thesymptomsofdepression.

A、aremoreobviousinwomenthaninmen

B>inmenaredifferentfromthoseinwomen

C、inmenareroughlythesameasthoseinwomen

D^areusuallyexpressedinsimilarwaysforbothsexes

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)第二段第二句"Thesymptomsofdepressionaresimilarfbrbothmen

andwomen…"，C應(yīng)為答案。

13、Thesymptomsofmaledepression.

A、aremostlyunobservable

B、arelikelytobeneglected

C、areexpressedmoreviolently

D、areusuallyexpressedverbally

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)第三段“…thesymptomsofdepressioninmenarenotcommonly

recognized...B應(yīng)為答案。

14、Menarereluctanttoadmittotheirproblemsinsexualitybecauseof.

A、theirhighsclt-cstccm

theirpersistentdepression

C^theirpoorsexualperformance

D、theireverdecreasingsexualdesire

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)第六段第二句"Menoftenareunwillingtoadmittoproblemswith

theirsexuality—mistakenlyfeelingthattheproblemsarerelatedtotheirmanhood...A

應(yīng)為答案。

15,Itisnotsoeasytodiagnosemaledepressionprimarilybecause.

A、fewmenlosetheirinterestinenjoyableactivities

B、fewmenarewillingtoopenlyexpresstheirfeelings

C>mentendtousemorelethalmethodsofcommittingsuicide

D、therearefewermenwhoattempttocommitsuicidethanwomen

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:根據(jù)第七段最后一句”...menaremorelikelytokeeptheirfeelings

hidden...”和第八段第一句"Forthesereasons,manymen-----aswellasdoctors

andotherhealthcareprofessionals-failtorecognizetheproblemasdepression"，B應(yīng)為

答案c

Wemakehundredsofchoiceseverydayinourlives,fromtheminortotheenormous,and

whatwearethinkingatthetime,whetheritbeconsciousorsubconscious,willhavea

hugeeffectonourdecisions.Infact,thereareseveralthingsthatcanaffectthedecisions

thatwemake,theweather,thetime,ourmood,butmostimportantly,ourattitudetowards

life.It'snaturalthatthekindofpersonyouare,wouldreHectthechoicesthatyoumakein

life.Acynical,pessimisticperson,willmakedecisionsbasedontheirworldviewsand

ideasandtheirnegativitywillbereflectedintheirchoices.Whengivingachoice,they

willassumethattheoutcomewillnotbetheonetheydesireandthereforetheywillnot

thinkcarefullyaboutthedecisionitself,buttheywillthinkaboutanythingthatcouldgo

wrongwhenmakingthedecision,becausetheygenuinelybelieveitwill.Andduetotheir

cynicalnature,andinbelievingthattheywillnothavetheoutcometheydesire,theywill

veryoftenmissoutonthingsthatwouldbegoodforthem,becausetheythinkitistoo

goodtobetrueandtheydonottrustthepersonofferingthemthechoice.Apositive,

optimisticpersonwillmakeadecision,believingthattheoutcomewillbetheonethey

desire,theywillthinkmorecarefullyaboutthedecisionthananegativepersonmight,but

theywillnotlookatalloftheanglesandforpossibleflaws,holesorscamsbecauseof

theirtrustingnature.Manypeoplethinkthatanarrogantpersonwillnotthinkabouta

decisionascarefullyastherest,believingthemselvestoberightnomatterwhat.Butin

fact,thearrogantpersonismorelikelytothinkcarefullyaboutthedecision,butbecause

theythinkthemselvestobesuchagoodjudgeofeverything,theywillnotthinkaboutall

oftheanglesandanypossibleproblemsthattheymayruninto.Apersonwhoworriesa

lotisacombinationoftheabovethree,theywillthinkverycarefullyaboutthedecision,

andallofthepossibleangles.Theywillmaketheirdecisiononlyafteragreatdealof

thoughtandbasedonanillogicalthoughtprocess,theywillthinkmorethantheother

three,buttheywillnotthinkasclearly.Anemotionalpersonwillmakeadecisionbased

oninstinctandthewaytheyteel,theywillthinkaboutthedecision,butthedeciding

factor,whethertheyareconsciousofitornot,istheirgutfeelingaboutthedecision.

16、Theauthorthinksthatwhataffectsone'sdecisionsmostis.

A、hissullenorgloomystateofmind

B、thestateofhisfeelingsatthattime

C>notobjectivebutsubjectivefactors

D、thewayheviewsandtreatshislife

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)第二段中的“…therearcseveralthingsth