《材料員》課件-1-3 砌筑砂漿

砂漿的定義和分類Definitionandclassificationofmortar01施工驗收規(guī)范概述施工驗收規(guī)范的演變過程砌筑砂漿

Masonrymortar砌筑砂漿的組成材料Composingmaterialsofmasonrymortar02砌筑砂漿的技術性質Technicalpropertiesofmasonrymortars031.砂漿的定義和分類Definitionandclassificationofmortar定義definition建筑砂漿是由膠凝材料、細集料、摻合料和水按適當?shù)谋壤渲贫傻?，又稱為無粗集料的混凝土。砂漿在建筑工程中是用量大、用途廣的建筑材料，它主要用于砌筑磚、石、砌塊等結構，此外還可以用于建筑物內(nèi)外表面的抹面。Constructionmortarismadefromcementitiousmaterials,fineaggregates,admixturesandwaterintheappropriateproportionsandisalsoknownasconcretewithoutcoarseaggregates.Mortarisalargeandversatilebuildingmaterialusedinconstructionprojects.Itismainlyusedformasonrystructuressuchasbricks,stonesandblocks,inadditiontoplasteringtheinternalandexternalsurfacesofbuildings.

1.砂漿的定義和分類Definitionandclassificationofmortar砂漿=膠凝材料+細集料+(摻加料+外加劑)+水Mortar=cementitiousmaterial+fineaggregate+(admixture+additive)+water用途：Uses:砌筑砌體、建筑物抹面、墻體勾縫、裝飾材料的粘結、嵌縫。masonry,buildingplastering,walljointing,bondingandinlayingofdecorativematerials.1.砂漿的定義和分類Definitionandclassificationofmortar（1）建筑砂漿按所用膠結材料的種類不同分為：水泥砂漿、石灰砂漿和混合砂漿。Constructionmortarsareclassifiedaccordingtothedifferenttypesofcementitiousmaterialsused:cementmortar,limemortarandmixedmortar.分類：Classification:1.砂漿的定義和分類Definitionandclassificationofmortar分類：Classification:（2）按用途不同，建筑砂漿可分為砌筑砂漿、抹面砂漿、防水砂漿、裝飾砂漿等。Constructionmortarcanbedividedintomasonrymortar,plasteringmortar,waterproofmortar,decorativemortar,etc.accordingtothedifferentuses.1.砂漿的定義和分類Definitionandclassificationofmortar水泥砂漿：Cementmortar:水泥砂漿是由水泥和砂子、水按一定比例混合攪拌而成的，它可以配制強度較高的砂漿。水泥砂漿一般應用于基礎、長期受水浸泡的地下室和承受較大外力的砌體。Cementmortarismadebymixingcementwithsandandwaterincertainproportions,whichallowsthepreparationofmortarsofhigherstrength.Cementmortarisgenerallyusedinfoundations,basementsthataresubjecttoprolongedwaterimmersionandmasonrythatissubjecttogreaterexternalforces.1.砂漿的定義和分類Definitionandclassificationofmortar石灰砂漿：Limemortar:石灰砂漿是由石灰膏和砂子、水按一定比例攪拌而成的砂漿，完全靠石灰的氣硬而獲得強度。Limemortarisamortarmadebymixinglimepastewithsandandwaterincertainproportionsandreliesentirelyontheairhardeningoflimetogainstrength.

1.砂漿的定義和分類Definitionandclassificationofmortar混合砂漿：Mixedmortars:

混合砂漿一般由水泥、石灰膏、砂子、水拌和而成，一般用于地面以上的砌體。Mixedmortarsaregenerallymadebymixingcement,limeplaster,sandandwaterandaregenerallyusedforabove-groundmasonry.1.砂漿的定義和分類Definitionandclassificationofmortar混合砂漿：Mixedmortars:

混合砂漿由于加入了石灰膏，改善了砂漿的和易性，操作起來比較方便，有利于砌體密實度和工效的提高。Mixedmortarsareeasiertohandleduetotheadditionoflimepaste,whichimprovesthecompatibilityofthemortarandfacilitatestheimprovementofthemasonrycompactnessandworkefficiency.1.砂漿的定義和分類Definitionandclassificationofmortar特效砂漿王，可1：1000代替石灰。即一噸本品能代替一千噸石灰。SpecialMortarKing,canreplacelime1:1000.Thatis,onetonneofthisproductcanreplaceathousandtonnesoflime.

現(xiàn)在施工過程中多用“砂漿王”代替白灰加入水泥砂漿里，故混合砂漿也可稱為添加砂漿王的水泥砂漿。

Themortarmixcanalsobereferredtoascementmortarwiththeadditionofmortarking,as"mortarking"isnowusedinplaceofwhiteashintheconstructionprocess.現(xiàn)在施工過程中多用“砂漿王”代替白灰加入水泥砂漿里，故混合砂漿也可稱為添加砂漿王的水泥砂漿。

Themortarmixcanalsobereferredtoascementmortarwiththeadditionofmortarking,as"mortarking"isnowusedinplaceofwhiteashintheconstructionprocess.1砂漿的定義和分類Definitionandclassificationofmortar1.砂漿的定義和分類Definitionandclassificationofmortar砌筑砂漿：Masonrymortar:是將磚、石、砌塊等粘結成為砌體的砂漿。itisthemortarthatbondsbricks,stones,blocksetc.intomasonry.在建筑工程中起粘結、襯墊、傳遞應力的作用。Itplaystheroleofbonding,liningandtransferringstressinconstructionwork.2.砌筑砂漿的組成材料Composingmaterialsofmasonrymortar膠凝材料、細集料、

摻加料、

外加劑、水Cementitiousmaterials,fineaggregates,admixtures,additives,water2砌筑砂漿的組成材料Composingmaterialsofmasonrymortar2.砌筑砂漿的組成材料Composingmaterialsofmasonrymortar膠凝材料在砂漿中粘結細集料，對砂漿的基本性質影響較大。Thecementingmaterialsareusedtobondthefineaggregatesinthemortarandhaveagreaterimpactonthebasicpropertiesofthemortar.（1）膠凝材料Cementingmaterials在選用時應根據(jù)砂漿的使用環(huán)境、使用功能等合理選擇。Itshouldbeselectedaccordingtotheenvironmentandfunctionofthemortar.2.砌筑砂漿的組成材料Composingmaterialsofmasonrymortar砌筑砂漿中使用的膠凝材料有各種水泥、石灰、石膏等。常用的是水泥和石灰。Thecementitiousmaterialsusedinmasonrymortarsarevarioustypesofcement,limeandgypsum.Cementandlimearecommonlyused.2.砌筑砂漿的組成材料Composingmaterialsofmasonrymortar普通水泥、礦渣水泥、火山灰水泥、復合水泥等。ordinarycement,slagcement,volcanicashcement,compositecement,etc.水泥品種選擇：Cementingmaterials2.砌筑砂漿的組成材料Composingmaterialsofmasonrymortar水泥強度選擇：Cementstrengthselection:水泥強度等級宜為砂漿強度等級的4～5倍。Thestrengthgradeofcementshouldbe4to5timesthestrengthgradeofmortar.配制水泥砂漿時，水泥強度等級≤32.5級。Whenpreparingcementmortar,thestrengthgradeofcementshouldbe≤32.5.水泥強度選擇：Cementstrengthselection:配制水泥混合砂漿時，水泥強度等級≤42.5級。Formixedcementmortars,thecementstrengthshouldbe≤42.5.配制砂漿時要盡量選用低強度的水泥和砌筑水泥。Whenpreparingmortar,trytouselowstrengthcementandmasonrycement.2.砌筑砂漿的組成材料Composingmaterialsofmasonrymortar水泥強度選擇：Cementstrengthselection:嚴禁使用廢品水泥。Theuseofwastecementisstrictlyprohibited.2.砌筑砂漿的組成材料Composingmaterialsofmasonrymortar（2）細集料Fineaggregates細集料在砂漿中起著骨架和填充的作用，要求基本同混凝土用細集料的技術性質要求。Fineaggregateinthemortarplaysaskeletalandfillingrole,therequirementsarebasicallythesameasthetechnicalpropertiesoffineaggregateforconcreterequirements.2.砌筑砂漿的組成材料Composingmaterialsofmasonrymortar（2）細集料Fineaggregates由于砌筑砂漿層較薄，對細集料的最大粒徑應有所限制。Asthemasonrymortarlayeristhin,themaximumparticlesizeoffineaggregateshouldbelimited.優(yōu)選：Preferred:中砂TheMediumsand原因：Reason:采用中砂拌制砂漿，既可以滿足和易性要求，又能節(jié)約水泥。Theuseofmediumsandformortarcanmeetthecompatibilityrequirementsaswellassavecement.2.砌筑砂漿的組成材料Composingmaterialsofmasonrymortar粒徑要求：Grainsizerequirements:用于毛石砌體的砂漿，砂宜選用粗砂，其最大粒徑應小于砂漿層厚度的1/5～1/4；Formortarusedforroughmasonry,thesandshouldbecoarsesandwithamaximumparticlesizeoflessthan1/5to1/4ofthethicknessofthemortarlayer;用于砌筑磚砌體的砂漿，其砂的最大粒徑不應大于2.5mm；Formortarusedforbrickmasonry,themaximumgrainsizeofthesandshouldnotbegreaterthan2.5mm;用于抹面和勾縫的砂漿，砂應選用西砂。Formortarusedforplasteringandjointing,thesandshouldbefinesand.2.砌筑砂漿的組成材料Composingmaterialsofmasonrymortar（3）摻合料Admixtures作用：改善砂漿的和易性，降低水泥用量。Function:Improvesthecompatibilityofmortarandreducestheamountofcementused.2.砌筑砂漿的組成材料Composingmaterialsofmasonrymortar（3）摻合料Admixtures類型：石灰膏、粘土膏、電石膏、粉煤灰等無機材料。Types:Limeplaster,clayplaster,electroplaster,flyashandotherinorganicmaterials.石灰應先制成石灰膏，熟化時間不少于7d，磨細生石灰粉的熟化時間不得少于2d，并用孔徑不大于3mm×3mm的篩網(wǎng)過濾，然后摻入砂漿攪拌均勻。Limeshouldbemadeintolimepastefirst,withamaturationtimeofnotlessthan7d,andnotlessthan2dforfinelygroundquicklimepowder,andfilteredthroughasievewithanapertureofnotmorethan3mmx3mm,thenmixedintothemortarandmixedwell.摻合料Admixtures1）石灰膏1)LimePaste3）電石膏Electrogypsum2）粘土膏2）claypuddle不得直接使用消石灰粉，原因：未充分熟化的石灰，顆粒太粗，起不到改善和易性的作用，嚴寒地區(qū)將磨細生石灰粉直接加入砌筑砂漿中屬冬季施工措施。Donotdirectlyusehydratedlimepowder，Reasons：Insufficientlycookedlime,theparticlesaretoocoarsetoimprovethecompatibility,anditisawintermeasuretoaddfinelygroundlimepowderdirectlytothemasonrymortarincoldareas.摻合料Admixtures1）石灰膏1)LimePaste2）粘土膏2）claypuddle3）電石膏Electrogypsum摻合料Admixtures1）石灰膏1)LimePaste2）粘土膏2）claypuddle3）電石膏Electrogypsum采用干法時，應將粘土烘干磨細后，直接投入攪拌機。Whenusingthedrymethod,theclayshouldbedriedandgroundfineandthenputdirectlyintothemixer.摻合料Admixtures1）石灰膏1)LimePaste2）粘土膏2）claypuddle3）電石膏Electrogypsum采用濕法時，應將粘土加水淋漿，通過孔徑不大于3mm×3mm的網(wǎng)過篩,沉淀后投入攪拌機。Whenusingthewetmethod,theclayshouldbedrenchedwithwater,sievedthroughanetwithanapertureofnotmorethan3mmx3mmandputintothemixeraftersettling.摻合料Admixtures1）石灰膏1)LimePaste2）粘土膏2）claypuddle3）電石膏Electrogypsum制作電石膏的電石渣應用孔徑不大于3mm×3mm的網(wǎng)過濾。Thecalciumcarbideslagfortheproductionofcalciumcarbideplastershouldbefilteredthroughameshwithaporesizenogreaterthan3mmx3mm.2.砌筑砂漿的組成材料Composingmaterialsofmasonrymortar（4）外加劑Additives為了改善或提高砂漿的性能（稠度、保水性、耐久性），可摻入一定的外加劑，但外加劑的品種和摻量必須通過試驗確定。Inordertoimproveorenhancetheperformanceofthemortar(consistency,waterretention,durability),certainadmixturescanbeincorporated,butthevarietyandquantityofadmixturesmustbedeterminedthroughtests.

2.砌筑砂漿的組成材料Composingmaterialsofmasonrymortar（4）外加劑Additives通常為塑化劑、保水劑等。Usuallyplasticisers,waterretentionagents,etc.2.砌筑砂漿的組成材料Composingmaterialsofmasonrymortar（5）拌和用水Mixingwater建筑砂漿拌和用水的技術要求與混凝土拌和用水相同。Thetechnicalrequirementsforconstructionmortarmixingwaterarethesameasthoseforconcretemixingwater.（5）拌和用水Mixingwater原則上應采用不含有害雜質的潔凈水或生活飲用水；Inprinciple,cleanwaterordrinkingwaterthatdoesnotcontainharmfulimpuritiesshouldbeused;2.砌筑砂漿的組成材料Composingmaterialsofmasonrymortar（5）拌和用水Mixingwater但可在保證環(huán)保的前提下，鼓勵采用經(jīng)化驗分析和試拌驗證合格的工業(yè)廢水拌制砂漿，以達到節(jié)水的目的。however,underthepremiseofensuringenvironmentalprotection,theuseofindustrialwastewaterqualifiedbylaboratoryanalysisandtestmixingisencouragedtomixmortarinordertoachievewaterconservation.3、砌筑砂漿的技術性質Technicalpropertiesofmasonrymortars砌筑砂漿應滿足下列技術性質：Themasonrymortarshallmeetthefollowingtechnicalproperties:（1）滿足和易性要求。Meetworkabilityrequirements.（2）滿足設計種類和強度等級要求。Meetsdesigntypeandstrengthclassrequirements（3）具有足夠的粘結強度。Hassufficientbondstrength.3、砌筑砂漿的技術性質Technicalpropertiesofmasonrymortars新拌砂漿的和易性：Theworkabilityoffreshlymixedmortar:砂漿的和易性是指砂漿拌和物在施工中既方便操作、又能保證工程質量的性質。Theworkabilityofmortarreferstothenatureofthemortarmixturethatisconvenienttooperateandcanensurethequalityoftheprojectduringconstruction.3、砌筑砂漿的技術性質Technicalpropertiesofmasonrymortars新拌砂漿的和易性：Theworkabilityoffreshlymixedmortar:和易性好的砂漿容易在磚石底面上鋪成均勻的薄層，使灰縫飽滿密實，且能與底面很好地粘結為整體，使砌體獲得較好的整體性。Mortarwithgoodworkabilityiseasytolayinauniformthinlayeronthebottomofthemasonry,makingthemortarjointfullanddense,andcanbondwellwiththebottomasawhole,sothatthemasonrycanachievegoodintegrity.3、砌筑砂漿的技術性質Technicalpropertiesofmasonrymortars新拌砂漿的和易性：Theworkabilityoffreshlymixedmortar:新拌砂漿的和易性可由流動性和保水性兩個方面作綜合評定。Theworkabilityoffreshlymixedmortarcanbecomprehensivelyevaluatedfromtwoaspects:flowabilityandwaterretention.3、砌筑砂漿的技術性質Technicalpropertiesofmasonrymortars硬化砂漿的強度：Strengthofhardenedmortar:砂漿在砌體中主要起膠結砌塊和傳遞荷載的作用，所以應具有一定的抗壓強度。其抗壓強度是確定強度等級的主要依據(jù)。Mortarismainlyusedinmasonrytocementblocksandtransferloads,soitshouldhaveacertaincompressivestrength.Thecompressivestrengthisthemainbasisfordeterminingthestrengthclass.3、砌筑砂漿的技術性質Technicalpropertiesofmasonrymortars砌筑砂漿的強度等級是用邊長為70.7㎜的立方體試件，在標準條件養(yǎng)護下，用標準試驗方法測得28d的抗壓強度平均值（MPa），并考慮95%的強度保證率而確定的。Thestrengthgradeofmasonrymortarisdeterminedbyusingacubespecimenwithasidelengthof70.7mmandtheaveragecompressivestrength(MPa)of28dmeasuredbystandardtestmethodsunderstandardconditionsofmaintenance,andtakingintoaccounta95%strengthguaranteerate.硬化砂漿的強度：Strengthofhardenedmortar:3、砌筑砂漿的技術性質Technicalpropertiesofmasonrymortars硬化砂漿的強度：Strengthofhardenedmortar:砂漿的強度等級共分為M2.5、M5、M7.5、M10、M15、M20等六個等級。ThestrengthgradesofmortararedividedintosixgradessuchasM2.5,M5,M7.5,M10,M15andM20.3砌筑砂漿的技術性質Technicalpropertiesofmasonrymortars3、砌筑砂漿的技術性質Technicalpropertiesofmasonrymortars砂漿的粘結力：bondingforceofmortar:砂漿與所砌筑材料的粘結強度稱為粘結力。Thestrengthofthebondbetweenthemortarandthemasonrymaterialiscalledthebondingforce.3、砌筑砂漿的技術性質Technicalpropertiesofmasonrymortars砂漿與底面的粘結力與砂漿的抗壓強度有關，一般情況下砂漿的抗壓強度越高，粘結力也越大。Thebondbetweenthemortarandthesubstrateisrelatedtothecompressivestrengthofthemortar,ingeneralthehigherthecompressivestrengthofthemortar,thegreaterthebond.砂漿的粘結力：bondingforceofmortar:3、砌筑砂漿的技術性質Technicalpropertiesofmasonrymortars另外，砂漿的粘結力與所砌筑材料的表面狀態(tài)、清潔程度、濕潤狀態(tài)、施工水平及養(yǎng)護條件等也有密切的關系。Inaddition,thebondstrengthofthemortariscloselyrelatedtothesurfaceconditionofthemasonrymaterial,cleanliness,wetness,constructionlevelandmaintenanceconditions.砂漿的粘結力：bondingforceofmortar:PART.0101復雜盾構法施工技術Complexshieldtunnelingconstructiontechnology資料員Documenter是指在建筑工程施工現(xiàn)場，從事施工信息資料的收集、整理、保管、歸檔、移交等工作的專業(yè)人員。Itreferstoprofessionalswhoareengagedinthecollection,arrangement,storage,filingandtransferofconstructioninformationmaterialsattheconstructionsitesofbuildingprojects.

03時限性原則Theprincipleoftimeliness010204同