初中英語-牛津上海版8A被動語態(tài)講解及練習(xí)(有答案)

PAGEPAGE1被動語態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)英語的語態(tài)分為主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)，主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者。被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。只有及物動詞才有被動語態(tài)。它的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：be動詞+及物動詞的過去分詞。所有的時態(tài)變化在be動詞上。以動詞sing為例。時態(tài)∕語態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時Jaysingsmanysongseveryyear.ManysongsaresungbyJayeveryyear.一般過去時Jaysangmanysongslastyear.ManysongsweresungbyJaylastyear.一般將來時Jaywillsing/isgoingtosingmanysongsthisyear.Manysongswillbesung/aregoingtobesungbyJaythisyear.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時JayissinginganEnglishsong.AnEnglishsongisbeingsungby

Jay.過去進(jìn)行時Jaywassingingasongjustnow.AsongwasbeingsungbyJayjustnow.現(xiàn)在完成時Jayhassunglotsofsongsinthepastfewyears.Lotsofsongshavebeensungby

Jayinthepastfewyears.過去完成時Jayhadsungplentyofsongsbylastyear.PlentyofsongshadbeensungbyJaylastyear.過去將來時Jaysaidhewouldsingmoresongsinthefuture.Jaysaidmoresongswouldbesunginthefuture.情態(tài)動詞Jaycansingmanysongs.ManysongscanbesungbyJay.注意以下幾種被動語態(tài)的特殊情況：一．被動語態(tài)中不定式要還原Let/make/see/hear/watchsb.dosth.sb.belet/made/seen/heard/watchedtodosth.Mymothermademelookafterthelittlesisteryesterday.Iwasmadetolookafterthelittlesisterbymymotheryesterday.有些動詞沒有被動語態(tài)。(及物動詞才有被動語態(tài))1)

不及物動詞或動詞短語無被動語態(tài)：

appear,die，disappear,end(vi.結(jié)束),fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,stand

breakout,cometrue,fallasleep,keepsilence,loseheart,takeplace.

2)

系動詞無被動語態(tài)：

appear,be，become,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turn3)不能用于被動語態(tài)的及物動詞或動詞短語：

fit,have,hold,marry,own,wish,cost,notice,watch，agreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin,sufferfrom,happento,takepartin,walkinto,belongto4)

系動詞無被動語態(tài)：

appear,be，become,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turn5)當(dāng)賓語是不定式時，很少用于被動語態(tài)。

Iwanttogonow.三．主動表示被動的幾種情況1）有些不及物動詞形式上為主動，但是表示被動含義。這本書銷路很好。Thisbooksellswell.這本小說讀起來很有趣。Thisnovelreadswell.肉很容易切。Meatcutseasily.此類詞還有l(wèi)ock,shut,open,move,write,sell,wash,clean,catch,draw2）有些進(jìn)行時，形式上主動，但含被動之意。Thebookisprinting.=Thebookisbeingprinted.Thehouseisbuilding.=Thehouseisbeingbuilt.3）介詞短語作表語，主動表示被動。Thequestionisnowunderdiscussion.Thefirewasfinallyundercontrol.Alltheseoldbuildingsareunderrepairs.

PracticeI.Choosethebestanswer.(選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢?1.Over$30,000______forachildren’hospitalbyaBritishgirlseveralmonthsago.A)israised B)wasraised C)willberaised D)hasbeenraised2.I'msurethatstricterrulestocontrolcigarettesmoking______verysoon.A)made B)willmake C)weremade D)willbemade3.Manyhouses______inthebigfireafewdaysago.Whatashame!A)weredamaged B)damage C)weredamaging D)damaged4.ThatbuildingispartofShanghai’shistory.It______manyyearsago.A)built B)builds C)isbuilt D)wasbuilt5.Manyoldhousesaroundourschool______nextyearandalargegreenareawillappear.A)pulldown B)willbepulleddownC)willpulldown D)arepulleddown6.Whenyouleavetheroom,makesurethedoor________.A)waslocked B)islocked C)willbelocked D)shouldbelocked7.HalfoftheBeijing’sprivatecars_______offtheroadsduetoheavysmogonFriday.A)order B)areordered C)ordered D)wereordered8.Thegirls_______howtodanceamonthagoandnowtheycandancewell.A)weretaught B)willbetaught C)aretaught D)havebeentaught9.Tomandhissister_______tothebarbecuelastSaturday.Theywereveryhappy.A)haveinvited B)wereinvited C)wereinviting D)invited10.--Doyoubelievetherearealiens?--I’mafraidnot.Idon’tthinkaliens_____inspace.A)canfind B)canbefoundC)canbefounded D)can’tbefound11.Fewstudentscanunderstandthesentenceuntilit________twiceorthreetimes.A)explains B)isexplained C)willbeexplained D)hasexplained12.—Peoplesaythesubway________buildinginHarbininafewyears.—Sounds___________.Ihaveneverseenitbefore.A)willfinish;interesting B)isfinished;interested C)willbefinished;interesting D)wouldbefinished;interesting13.—Iwanttoknowwhen_______haveafieldtrip.—We’llhaveitwhenallthework_______.

A)youare;willfinish B)youwill;finishes

C)youwill;isfinished D)youwill;isfinish14.Oh,thisisreallyabigshop.Doyouknowwhenit________?A)built B)wasbuilt

C)hasbuilt D)hasbeenbuilt15.—Susan,whyareyoustillhere?Theyareallreadytostart.

—I’msorry,butI________whentomeet.A)don’ttell B)didn’ttell

C)haven’ttold D)wasn’ttold

16.Thethief_______onthescenewhenhewastryingtogetawaywiththenecklace.A)willbecaught B)iscaught C)wascaught D)hasbeencaught17.Blacktea_______inChinaduringtheMingDynastyasawaytokeepteafresh.A)invented B)wasinvented C)isinvented D)isinventing【答案】1.B;2.D;3.A;4.D5.B;6.B;7.D;8.A;9.B;10.B;11.B;12.C;13.C;14.B;15.D;16.C;17.BHomeworkI. Fillintheblankwiththegivenverbinthepassivevoice.1.YangpuBridge___________(build)in1993.2.Moremoney___________(spend)oneducationnextyear.3.Alotofwater___________(waste)everyyear.It’saseriousproblem.4.Thenewspapersaidmoregoodteachers___________(send)toYunnansometimenextyear.5.Whenwegottothetop,thesunhadrisen.Therewe___________(tell)tobeearlierthenexttime.6.“Remember,nobody___________(allow)toeatordrinkinthecomputerroom,”theassistantsaidtothenewstudents.7.Largeamountsofinformation___________(store)inthecomputer.8.Bythetimehegotthere,thecar___________(paint).9.Thewoundedsoldiers___________(operate)onnow.10.Hundredsofthebooks___________(borrow)fromthelibraryinthepastthreedays.11.I___________(tell)thatJimwouldcomebackfromNewYorkintwodays.12.Themanagersaidtheproject__________bytheendoftheyear.(complete)13.Theworkerstoldmethatthecar__________assoonaspossible.(mend)14.WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundthetickets__________out.(sell)15.Thewholecountrywasverysadatthenewsofhisdeath.He__________tobeagreatleader.(consider)16.Aftertheparty,someofthestudentspickedupalltherubbishthat__________onthefloorofthehall.(drop)

17.Heisoftenmade__________thetableafterdinner.(clean)【答案】1.wasbuilt;2.willbespent;3.iswasted4.wouldbesent;5.aretold;6.isallowed;7.isstored8.hadbeenpainted;9.areoperated;10.havebeenborrowed;11.wastold12.wouldbecompleted/wouldhavebeencompleted;13.wouldbemended;14.hadbeensold;15.hadbeenconsidered;16.hadbeendropped;17.tocleanII.Translation.(漢譯英,需用到被動語態(tài))1.我生日時有人送了我一件禮物。_____________________________________________________________________2.這條新裙子是做給我的。_____________________________________________________________________3.這肉是做給我們吃的。_____________________________________________________________________4.這位病人正在做手術(shù)。_____________________________________________________________________5.這個問題已解決，不需要再討論了。_____________________________________________________________________6.由于天氣不好，運動會將會推遲。_____________________________________________________________________7.這間教室總是保持得很清潔。_____________________________________________________________________8.他經(jīng)常被聽到在彈鋼琴。_____________________________________________________________________9.這肉不好煮。_____________________________________________________________________10.這肉已經(jīng)煮了很長時間了。_____________________________________________________________________【答案】1.Iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday./Apresentwasgiventomeonmybirthday.2.Thisnewskirtismadeforme.3.Themeatiscookedforus.4.Thepatientisbeingoperatedon.5.Thisproblemhasbeensolved.Itneedn’tbetalkedabout.6.Thesportsmeetingwillbeputoffbecauseofthebadweather.7.Thisclassroomisalwayskeptclean.8.Heisoftenheardtoplaythepiano.9.Themeatdoesn’tboilwell.10.Th