機械工程材料專業(yè)詞匯中英文對照-D

PrefaceMaterialsscience材料科學(xué)，材料學(xué)Mechanicalproperties力學(xué)性能Smartmaterials智能材料，靈敏材料nanomaterials納米材料nanotechnology納米技術(shù)biomaterials生物材料composition成分，組成performance性能Microstructure,structure微觀結(jié)構(gòu)，組織，結(jié)構(gòu)Synthesisandprocessing合成與工藝Inorganicmaterials無機材料Compositematerials復(fù)合材料Polymers聚合物，高分子Metal,metallic金屬，金屬的ceramic陶瓷hardness硬度brittleness脆性module模量density密度Shapememoryalloys形狀記憶合金kryptonKrChapter1CrystalstructureofmetalsCrystalstructure晶體結(jié)構(gòu)Latticeconstants點陣常數(shù)Crystallinematerials晶體材料Latticevectors點陣適量Noncrystallinematerials非晶材料crystal晶體Amorphousmaterials非晶材料Bravaislattice布拉非點陣Corrosionresistance耐腐蝕Crystalsystem晶系electron電子Alpha,beta,gammaα,β,γatom原子cubic立方nucleus原子核tetragonal四方electronegativity電負性orthorhombic正交electronpositivity電正性hexagonal六方equilibrium平衡Rhombonhedral/trigonal菱面體repulsion排斥Monoclinic單斜attraction吸引Triclinic三斜potential勢能Simplecubic簡單立方Ionicbonding離子鍵Bodycenteredcubic體心立方Covalentbonding共價鍵Unitcell晶胞Metallicbonding金屬鍵Latticeparameters點陣矢量molecule分子Facecenteredcubic面心立方semiconductor半導(dǎo)體Coordinationnumber配位原子數(shù)Singlecrystal單晶Hexagonalpacking六方堆垛Anisotropic各向異性Allotropictransformation同素異位轉(zhuǎn)變isotopic各向同性Millerindices密勒指數(shù)Polycrystalline多晶crystallographic晶體學(xué)的Imperfection缺陷Crystallographicdirection晶向Pointdefect點缺陷Crystallographicplane晶面Linedefect線缺陷projection投影planardefect,surfacedefect面缺陷Planarmillerindex/indices面指數(shù)dislocation位錯Diagonal對角的vacancy空位Perpendicular垂直的interstitial間隙的Familyofdirections晶向族substitutional替換的，置換的Familyofplanes晶面族Grainboundary晶界Latticepoint陣點Stackingfaults堆垛層錯metallography金相學(xué)Anti-phase反相Toughness韌性Twinboundary孿晶界Stiffness剛性Edgedislocation刃位錯ductility延展性，可鍛性Screwdislocation螺位錯strengthen強度Mixeddislocation混合位錯Compact壓制sintering燒結(jié)Edge棱邊translation平移Packingfactor堆垛密度C2SolidificationofmetalsSolidify,solidification凝固nuclei核，核心Freeenergy自有能Kineticenergy動能bronze青銅Brass黃銅Surfacefreeenergy表面自由能nucleation形核Critical臨界的undercooling過冷Homogeneousnucleation均勻形核Heterogeneousnucleation非均勻形核impurity雜質(zhì)Interface界面diffusion擴散Latentheat潛熱Cooling冷卻growth生長Dendriticgrowth(樹)枝晶生長Cast,casting鑄造，鑄件Chillzone激冷區(qū)Columnzone柱狀區(qū)Equiaxedzone等軸區(qū)shrinkage收縮Gasporosity氣孔Interdendriticshrinkage枝晶間收縮Favorableorientation擇優(yōu)取向Finegrain細晶Galvanizedsheetsteel（電）鍍鋅鋼板Preferredgrowth擇優(yōu)生長Planargrowth平面生長supercooling過冷superheating過熱Embryo晶胚Chapter3PlasticdeformationandrecrystallizePlasticdeformation塑性變形Recrystallize,recrystallization再結(jié)晶load載荷strain應(yīng)變stress應(yīng)力Elasticdeformation彈性變形Tensileproperties拉伸性能Yielding,yieldingpoint屈服，屈服點Lowcarbonsteel低碳鋼Shear剪切torsion扭折Parallelto平行于Slip,slipplane,slipsystem,slipdirection滑移，滑移面，滑移系，滑移方向Thecloset-packeddirection/plane密排方向/面twinning孿晶Slipline,slipband滑移線Polycrystallinematerials多晶材料Singlecrystal單晶coherency共格Grainorientation晶粒取向Dislocationmovement/motion位錯移動Coldworking冷加工Warmworking中溫加工Hotworking熱加工recovery回復(fù)Graingrowth晶粒長大hardness硬度indentation壓痕indenter壓頭Sphere,cone,pyramid球形，圓錐形，四棱錐nondestructive非破壞性的Brinellhardness布氏硬度Vickersmicrohardness維氏顯微硬度Rockwellhardness洛氏硬度Knoophardness努氏硬度forging鍛造Open-die,closed-dieforging開口模，閉合模extrusion擠出Chapter4PhasediagramandmicrostructurePhasediagram相圖precipitation析出microstructure微觀結(jié)構(gòu),z組織Lamellargrowth層狀生長Solid-solutionstrengthening固溶強化photomicrograph顯微照片Dispersionstrengthening彌散強化Microconstituent顯微組織成分Brass黃銅Hypoeutectic亞共晶Equilibriumphasediagram平衡相圖Hypereutectic過共晶constitution成分Peritectictransformation包晶轉(zhuǎn)變component組元Ternaryphasediagram三元相圖Solventatom溶劑原子Soluteatom溶質(zhì)原子concentration濃度Solidsolution固溶Binaryalloy二元合金isomorphous同形的，同質(zhì)的Molepercent摩爾百分比solubility溶解度，固溶度Liquidustemperature,line液相溫度，液相線Solidustemperature,line固相溫度，固相線Isothermline等溫線Solvusline溶解度曲線Phaserule相律freedom自由度Leverrule杠桿定律Eutectic共晶的eutectoid共析的Immiscible,unmixable互不溶的Tieline兩平衡相成分點間連線Equilibriumsolidification平衡凝固Nonequilibriumsolidification非平衡凝固Intermetalliccompound中間金屬化合物Stoichiometric化學(xué)計量比的nonstoichiometric非化學(xué)計量比的Orderedcrystalstructure有序晶體結(jié)構(gòu)Chapter5Iron-Carbonalloysystemcomponent組元steel鋼solvent溶劑solute溶質(zhì)solubility溶解度Dissolved溶解于，溶于Soluble可溶解的Proportion比例Flake片狀transformation相變，轉(zhuǎn)變Ferrite鐵素體Interstitialsolidsolution間隙固溶體carbide碳化物Polymorphictransformation多型性轉(zhuǎn)變Austenite奧氏體magnetic磁性的Cementite,ironcarbide滲碳體orthorhombic正交的Metastablephase亞穩(wěn)相decompose分解substitution替換，置換Pearlite珠光體Eutectoid共析的Eutectic共晶的Hypoeutectoidsteel亞共析鋼Eutectoidsteel共析鋼Hypereutectoidsteel過共析鋼Proeutectoid先共析體Layeredstructure層狀組織Plaincarbonsteel碳素鋼Wroughtiron,pureiron純鐵Carboncontent碳含量Castiron鑄鐵Lowcarbonsteel低碳鋼Mediumcarbonsteel中碳鋼Highcarbonsteel高碳鋼Ferrousalloys鐵基合金Stainlesssteel不銹鋼Chapter6HeattreatmentHeattreatment熱處理Annealing退火B(yǎng)ainite貝氏體Martensite馬氏體Precipitationhardening析出強化Surfacehardening表面強化Normalizing正火Quenching淬火Tempering回火Isothermaltransformationdiagram,TTT等溫轉(zhuǎn)變Continuouscoolingdiagram,CCT連續(xù)轉(zhuǎn)變Diffusivetransformation擴散型相變Non-diffusivetransformation非擴散型相變Latticedistortion點陣畸變Tetragonal四方的Coolant冷卻劑hardenability淬透性Retainedaustenite殘留奧氏體Lathmartensite板條馬氏體Platemartensite片狀馬氏體Unitcell晶胞Crystallographicrelationship晶體學(xué)關(guān)系，晶體學(xué)取向Matrixmaterials基體材料Habitplane慣習(xí)面Expansion膨脹Quenchcrack淬火裂紋Residualstress殘留應(yīng)力Austenitizing奧氏體化Austempering奧氏體等溫淬火Processanneal加工退火Stressreliefanneal去應(yīng)力退火Compositionhomogenizationanneal均勻化退火Solutiontreatment固溶處理Spheroidisation球化處理Air-cool空冷Ageing時效Over-saturatedsolidsolution過飽和固溶體Carburizing滲碳Packcarburizing裝箱滲碳Gascarburizing氣體滲碳Liquidcarburizing液體滲碳Wear-resistant耐磨Nitriding氮化，滲氮Cyaniding氰化Carbonitriding碳氮共滲Casehardening表面硬化，表面硬化Chroming鍍鉻Boronizing硼化處理Heattreatmentfurnace熱處理爐Localizedheating局部加熱Inductionhardeningprocess感應(yīng)加熱處理材料的類型Typesofmaterials,metals,ceramics,polymers,composites,elastomer電導(dǎo)率和電阻率conductivityandresistivity,熱導(dǎo)率thermalconductivity,應(yīng)力和應(yīng)變stressandstrain,彈性應(yīng)變elasticstrain,塑性應(yīng)變plasticstrain,屈服強度yieldstrength,最大抗拉強度ultimatetensilestrength,最大強度ultimatestrength,延展性ductility,伸長率elongation,斷面收縮率reductionofarea,頸縮necking,斷裂強度breakingstrength,韌性toughness,硬度hardness,疲勞強度fatiguestrength,蜂窩honeycomb,熱脆性heatshortness,晶胞中的原子數(shù)atomspercell,點陣lattice,陣點latticepoint,點陣參數(shù)latticeparameter,密排六方hexagonalclose-packed,六方晶胞hexagonalunitcell,體心立方body-centeredcubic,面心立方face-centeredcubic,彌勒指數(shù)Millerindices,晶面crystalplane,晶系crystalsystem,晶向crystaldirection,相變機理Phasetransformationmechanism:成核生長相變nucleation–growthtransition,斯賓那多分解spinodaldecomposition,有序無序轉(zhuǎn)變disordered-ordertransition,馬氏體相變martensitephasetransformation，成核nucleation,成核機理nucleationmechanism,成核勢壘nucleationbarrier,晶核，結(jié)晶中心nucleusofcrystal,金屬組織的）基體quay,基體，基塊，基質(zhì)，結(jié)合劑matrix,子晶，雛晶mattedcrystal,耔晶，晶種seedcrystal,耔晶取向seedorientation,籽晶生長seededgrowth,均質(zhì)核化homogeneousnucleation,異質(zhì)核化heterogeneousnucleation,均勻化熱處理homogenizationheattreatment,熟料grog,自恰場self-consistentfield固溶體Solidsolution:有序固溶體orderedsolidsolution,無序固溶體disorderedsolidsolution,有序合金orderedalloy,無序合金disorderedalloy.無序點陣disorderedlattice,分散，擴散，彌散dispersal,分散劑dispersant,分散劑，添加劑dispersantadditive,分散劑，彌散劑dispersantagent缺陷defect,imperfection,點缺陷pointdefect,線缺陷linedefect,dislocation,面缺陷interfacedefect,surfacedefect,體缺陷volumedefect,位錯排列dislocationarrangement,位錯陣列dislocationarray,位錯氣團dislocationatmosphere,位錯軸dislocationaxis,位錯胞dislocationcell,位錯爬移dislocationclimb,位錯滑移dislocationslip,dislocationmovementbyslip,位錯聚結(jié)dislocationcoalescence,位錯核心能量dislocationcoreenergy,位錯裂紋dislocationcrack,位錯阻尼dislocationdamping,位錯密度dislocationdensity,體積膨脹volumedilation,體積收縮volumeshrinkage,回火tempering,退火annealing,退火的，軟化的softened,軟化退火，軟化（處理）softening,淬火quenching,淬火硬化quenchinghardening,正火normalizing,normalization,退火織構(gòu)annealingtexture,人工時效artificialaging,細長比aspectratio,形變熱處理ausforming,等溫退火austempering,奧氏體austenite,奧氏體化austenitizing,貝氏體bainite,馬氏體martensite,馬氏體淬火marquench,馬氏體退火martemper,馬氏體時效鋼maragingsteel,滲碳體cementite,固溶強化solidsolutionstrengthening,鋼屑混凝土steelchipsconcrete,水玻璃，硅酸鈉sodiumsilicate,水玻璃粘結(jié)劑sodiumsilicatebinder,硅酸鈉類防水劑sodiumsilicatewaterproofingagent,擴散diffusion,擴散系數(shù)diffusivity,相變phasetransition,燒結(jié)sintering,固相反應(yīng)solid-phasereaction,相圖與相結(jié)構(gòu)phasediagramsandphasestructures,相phase,組分component,自由度freedom,相平衡phaseequilibrium,吉布斯相律Gibbsphaserule,吉布斯自由能Gibbsfreeenergy,吉布斯混合能Gibbsenergyofmixing,吉布斯熵Gibbsentropy,吉布斯函數(shù)Gibbsfunction,相平衡phasebalance,相界phaseboundary,相界線phaseboundaryline,相界交聯(lián)phaseboundarycrosslinking,相界有限交聯(lián)phaseboundarycrosslinking,相界反應(yīng)phaseboundaryreaction,相變phasechange,相組成phasecomposition,共格相phase-coherent,金相相組織phaseconstentuent,相襯phasecontrast,相襯顯微鏡phasecontrastmicroscope,相襯顯微術(shù)phasecontrastmicroscopy,相分布phasedistribution,相平衡常數(shù)phaseequilibriumconstant,相平衡圖phaseequilibriumdiagram,相變滯后phasetransitionlag,Al-Si-O-N系統(tǒng)相關(guān)系phaserelationshipsintheAl-Si-O-Nsystem,相分離phasesegregation,phaseseparation,玻璃分相phaseseparationinglasses,相序phaseorder,phasesequence,相穩(wěn)定性phasestability,相態(tài)phasestate,相穩(wěn)定區(qū)phasestabilerange,相變溫度phasetransitiontemperature,相變壓力phasetransitionpressure,同質(zhì)多晶轉(zhuǎn)變polymorphictransformation,相平衡條件phaseequilibriumconditions,顯微結(jié)構(gòu)microstructures,不混溶固溶體immisciblesolidsolution,轉(zhuǎn)熔型固溶體peritecticsolidsolution,低共熔體eutectoid，crystallization,不混溶性immiscibility,固態(tài)反應(yīng)solidstatereaction,燒結(jié)sint