《英語中高職貫通第》課件-lesson 14

Matchthewordswiththepictures.Listentothepassageandfillinthemissingwords.Butterflieshavethe（1）

four-stageinsectlifecycle.Winged（2）

layeggsonthefoodplantonwhichtheirlarvae,knownascaterpillars,will（3）

.Thecaterpillarsgrow,sometimesvery（4）

,andwhenfully（5）

pupateinachrysalis.Whenmetamorphosisiscomplete,thepupalskin（6）

,theadultinsectclimbsoutand,afteritswingshave（7）

anddried,itfliesoff.Somebutterflies,especiallyinthetropics,haveseveral（8）

inayear,whileothershaveasinglegeneration,andafewincold（9）

maytakeseveralyearsto（10）

theirwholelifecycle.typicaladultsfeedrapidlydevelopedsplitsexpandedgenerationslocationspassthroughHoneybeesareveryinterestinginsects.Theyliveinawellorganizedway.Giveapresentationaboutthelifeofhoneybees.Yourpresentationmaybebasedonsuchtopicsaslifecycle，defense,communicationandsoon.1.Describethelifecycleofhoneybees.2.Describehowbeesdefendthemselvesagainsttheintruders?3.Explainhowbeescommunicatewitheachother?4.Comparethelifeofbees,ants,andhumanbeings,inwhatwayaretheysimilar?SocialInsectsThemostfascinatingofallinsectsarethosewhichliveincommunitieswherethereisstrictdivisionoflabor.Theseareknownassocialinsects.Membersofthisorderareants,bees,waspsandtermites.Theiractivitiesandhabitsaffordalifetime'sstudy.Acolonyofantsamazinglyresembleacolonyofmenintheiractivitiesandreactions.Pickupaslaborrockthathasbeenlyingonthegroundforsometimeandyouwillprobablyfindacommunityofantsbusilygoingthroughthechoresoftheday.Theywillsenseyourpresence,apotentialenemy,andstartscurryingaround,notinpanic,butinorderlyhurrytoprotectthemselvesandtheiryoung.Anantcolonyconsistsofseveralqueensandmales,whoserveonlyasfatherstoproducetheyoung,workersprovidethefoodforallmembersofthecolony,digtunnelsandroadsandtendtheyoung,andsoldierswithstrongmouthpartstodefendthecommunity.Antskeepcowswhichtheymilkwiththeirantennae.Theseantcowsareactuallygreenflywhichgiveforthasweetfluidthatantsfeedtothelarvalstageoftheiryoung.Theworkerantsfeedandprotectthegreenflyduringwinterseasonaswellasinthespringandsummer.Somespeciesofantscaptureenemyyoung,rearthemandtrainthemtoactasslaves.Ahoneybeecolony,thehive,consistsofabout50000bees.Asinglequeenreignsoverahiveonlyinsofarassheproducestheeggs.Becauseofherspecializedfunction,sheisthebestfedandcaredformemberofthecolony.

Themalesordronesserveonlytofertilizetheeggs.Thenon-egg-layingfemalesaretheworkers.Theyareinthemajorityinthehive.Specialworkerbeescallednurseshavebutonejobinhive,andthatisthefeedingandcaringforthelarvaeaftertheyhatchfromeggs.Afterthepupastageisformed,ittakesabout21daysfortheadultbeetodevelop.Theworkerssealeachwaxcellwithacapduringthedevelopmentfrompupatoadultstage.Atthecompletionofthisfinalmetamorphicstage,thefullygrownbeeeatsitswayoutofthewaxcellandassumesitsspecialjobinthehive.Thejobforwhichanadultbeeisadapteddependsonthetypeandamountoffooditisfedduringthelarvalstage.Workerbeesmanufacturehoneywithinthemselvesusingthenectartheysipfromflowersasabasisofthesweetfluid.Theflavorofhoneydependsupontheflowerfromwhichthenectarissipped.Thehindlegsofahoney-beeworkerareadaptedwithbasketsinwhichpollenfromflowersiscollected.Thetooth-likeedgesofthesecondpairoflegsactascombstoremovepollengrainsfromthemanyhairsofthebee'sbody.Therearenosoldiersinabeecolony.Thequeenbeeandworkershavebarbedstingsattheendoftheirabdomens.Thestingisamodifiedovipositor.Whenabeestingsalargeranimal,itusuallylosesitsstingingapparatusanddies.Beesswarm,allflyingoutofthehiveandremainingincloseclustersonabranchforseveralhours,whenahivethreatenstobecomeover-crowded.Afterswarming,newcoloniesareformedandaqueenischosenforeach.Termitesarealsosocialinsectswithhighlydevelopeddivisionoflaborintheircommunityliving.Theycanbeextremelydetrimentaltomen'swelfarebecauseoftheirfeedinghabits.Theyfeedoncellulosewhichisorganicsubstancefoundinthecellwallsofwoodyplants.Protozoa,akindofmicrobes,whichliveinsymbioticrelationshipwithinthestomachofatermite,actuallydigestthewoodymaterialforthetermiteandreceivefoodandprotectioninreturn.Acolonyoftermiteworkerscanunderminethewoodenfoundationbeamsofahouseinaveryshorttime.MosttermiteshavebeenfoundlivingsuccessfullyinAfricabutafewspecieshavemigratedtoothercountries.Theuseofmetalandconcreteinsteadofwoodinbuildingfoundationshasdonemuchtopreventdestructionbytermites.Readthepassageandputthefollowingtopicsintheorderinwhichtheyappear.（）Divisionoflaborinhoneybeecolonies—groupsandtasks（）Divisionoflaborinantcolonies—groupsandtasks（）Termites—feedinghabits,symbioticrelationshipwithprotozoa,location（）Swarming—formationofnewhives（）Whysocialinsectsaresocalled？32541queensproduceeggsmalesserveasfatherstoproducetheyoungworkersprovidefood,tendtheyoung,digtunnelsandroadsoldiersdefendthecommunitywithstrongmouthpartsasinglequeenproduceeggs,reignoverahivemalesfertilizetheeggsworkerbeesmanufacturehoneynursesfeedandcareforthelarvaeCompletethesummary.Antcoloniesaresimilarto

inthattheybothhavedifferentgroupswhichperform

.Thereare,however,someslightdifferences:antcolonies

queenswhilehoneybeecolonies

.Anotherdifferenceisthat

colonieshave

whereas

donot.beecoloniesdifferentworkhaveseveralhaveonlyonequeenantcoloniessoldiersbeecoloniesComparehoneybeesandantsinthepassage.Findoutatleasttwosentencesforexpressingsimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenthem.SimilaritiesbetweenAntsandBees1.2.DifferencesbetweenAntsandBees1.

2.

Themostfascinatingofallinsectsarethosewhichliveincommunitieswherethereisstrictdivisionoflabor.Antcolonies:Workersprovidefoodforallmembersofthecolonyandtendtheyoung.Beecolonies:Workerbeesmanufacturehoneywithinthemselves.Specialworkerbeescallednurseshaveonlyonejob,thatisfeedingandcaringforthelarvaeaftertheyhatchfromeggs.Anantcolonyconsistsofseveralqueensandmales.Beecolony:Asinglequeenreignsoverahiveonlyinsofarassheproducestheeggs.Antcolonies:Soldierswithstrongmouthpartsdefendthecommunity.Beecolonies:Therearenosoldiersinabeecolony.Workinsmallgroups,discussthequestionsbelow,andthenmakeuseofthereadingpassagetocompletethetablebelow.Questions：Howmucharesocialinsectslikebees,ants,andtermitesaresimilaranddifferentfromhumansociety?Writeyouropinionsonthelinesbelow:

termite，cricket，ant，dragonfly,greenfly,cockroach,honeybee,caterpillaregg