統(tǒng)編版中考語文一輪復(fù)習(xí)：7~9年級必背古詩文譯文及賞析

第第頁132.【愛蓮說】（節(jié)選）宋·周敦頤EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(shuǐ),水)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(lù),陸)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(cǎo),草)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(mù),木)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(zhī),之)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(huā),花)，EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(kě),可)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(ài),愛)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(zhě),者)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(shèn),甚)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(fán),蕃)。EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(jìn),晉)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(táo),陶)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(yuān),淵)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(mínɡ),明)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(dú),獨(dú))EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(ài),愛)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(jú),菊)。EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(zì),自)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(lǐ),李)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(tánɡ),唐)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(lái),來)，EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(shì),世)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(rén),人)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(shèng),盛)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(ài),愛)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(mǔ),牡)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(dān),丹)。EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(yú),予)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(dú),獨(dú))EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(ài),愛)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(lián),蓮)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(zhī),之)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(chū),出)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(yū),淤)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(ní),泥)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(ér),而)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(bù),不)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(rǎn),染)，EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(zhuó),濯)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(qīnɡ),清)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(lián),漣)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(ér),而)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(bù),不)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(yāo),妖)，EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(zhōnɡ),中)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(tōnɡ),通)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(wài),外)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(zhí),直)，EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(bú),不)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(màn),蔓)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(bù),不)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(zhī),枝)，EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(xiānɡ),香)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(yuǎn),遠(yuǎn))EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(yì),益)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(qīnɡ),清)，EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(tínɡ),亭)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(tínɡ),亭)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(jìng),凈)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(zhí),植)，EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(kě),可)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(yuǎn),遠(yuǎn))EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(guān),觀)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(ér),而)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(bù),不)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(kě),可)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(xiè),褻)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(wán),玩)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(yān),焉)。EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(yú),予)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(wèi),謂)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(jú),菊)，EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(huā),花)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(zhī),之)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(yǐn),隱)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(yì),逸)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(zhě),者)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(yě),也)；EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(mǔ),牡)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(dān),丹)，EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(huā),花)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(zhī),之)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(fù),富)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(ɡuì),貴)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(zhě),者)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(yě),也)；EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(lián),蓮)，EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(huā),花)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(zhī),之)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(jūn),君)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(zǐ),子)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(zhě),者)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(yě),也)。EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(yì),噫)！EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(jú),菊)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(zhī),之)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(ài),愛)，EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(táo),陶)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(hòu),后)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(xiǎn),鮮)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(yǒu),有)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(wén),聞)。EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(lián),蓮)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(zhī),之)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(ài),愛)，EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(tónɡ),同)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(yú),予)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(zhě),者)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(hé),何)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(rén),人)？EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(mǔ),牡)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(dān),丹)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(zhī),之)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(ài),愛)，EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(yí),宜)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(hū),乎)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(zhònɡ),眾)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(yǐ),矣)。譯文：水上、陸地上各種草本木本的花，值得喜愛的非常多。晉代的陶淵明唯獨(dú)喜愛菊花。從李氏唐朝以來，世人大多喜愛牡丹。我唯獨(dú)喜愛蓮花從積存的淤泥中長出卻不被污染，經(jīng)過清水的洗滌卻不顯得妖艷。（它的莖）中間貫通外形挺直，不牽牽連連也不枝枝節(jié)節(jié)，香氣傳播更加清香，筆直潔凈地豎立在水中。（人們）可以遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)地觀賞（蓮），而不可輕易地玩弄它啊。我認(rèn)為菊花，是花中的隱士；牡丹，是花中的富貴者；蓮花，是花中（品德高尚）的君子。唉?。▽τ冢┚栈ǖ南矏郏諟Y明以后就很少聽到了。（對于）蓮花的喜愛，像我一樣的還有什么人呢？（對于）牡丹的喜愛，人數(shù)當(dāng)然就很多了!注釋：“說”是古代的一種議論文文體，大多是借事物或一種現(xiàn)象來抒發(fā)作者的感想，寫法上不拘一格，行文崇尚自由活潑，波瀾起伏，篇幅一般長短不定，跟現(xiàn)代雜文頗為相似。它可以直接說明事物，闡述事理，也可以托物寓意，借物抒情。在寫法上，《愛蓮說》具有“說”這一文體的共同特點(diǎn)，即托物言志。文章從“出淤泥而不染”起，以濃墨重彩描繪了蓮的氣度、蓮的風(fēng)節(jié)，寄予了作者對理想人格的肯定和追求，也反射出作者鄙棄貪圖富貴、追名逐利的世態(tài)的心理和其追求潔身自好的美好情操。同時(shí)，文章還運(yùn)用了對比，反襯的手法，在文中幾次以菊、牡丹襯托蓮之美；還把菊花的隱逸，牡丹的富貴和蓮花的高潔相對比，使“愛蓮”之一主題得以加深，沒有空洞的說教，而是通過三種形象的對比，起到了突出中心，加深立意的作用，手法可謂高明之極。而且，文章以一個(gè)“愛”字貫通全文，使得文章結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。作者通過對蓮花的愛慕與禮贊，表明自己對美好理想的憧憬，對高尚情操的崇奉，對庸劣世態(tài)的憎惡。133.【記承天寺夜游】宋·蘇軾EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(yuán),元)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(fēnɡ),豐)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(liù),六)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(nián),年)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(shí),十)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(yuè),月)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(shí),十)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(èr),二)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(rì),日)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(yè),夜)，EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(jiě),解)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(yī),衣)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(yù),欲)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(shuì),睡)，EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(yuè),月)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(sè),色)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(rù),入)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(hù),戶)，EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(xīn),欣)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(rán),然)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(qǐ),起)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(xínɡ),行)。EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(niàn),念)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(wú),無)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(yǔ),與)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(wéi),為)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(lè),樂)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(zhě),者)，EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(suì),遂)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(zhì),至)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(chénɡ),承)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(tiān),天)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(sì),寺)，EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(xún),尋)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(zhānɡ),張)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(huái),懷)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(mín),民)。EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(huái),懷)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(mín),民)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(yì),亦)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(wèi),未)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(qǐn),寢)，EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(xiānɡ),相)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(yǔ),與)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(bù),步)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(yú),于)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(zhōnɡ),中)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(tínɡ),庭)。EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(tínɡ),庭)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(xià),下)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(rú),如)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(jī),積)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(shuǐ),水)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(kōnɡ),空)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(mínɡ),明)，EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(shuǐ),水)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(zhōnɡ),中)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(zǎo),藻)、EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(xìnɡ),荇)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(jiāo),交)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(hénɡ),橫)，EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(ɡài),蓋)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(zhú),竹)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(bǎi),柏)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(yǐnɡ),影)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(yě),也)。EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(hé),何)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(yè),夜)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(wú),無)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(yuè),月)？EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(hé),何)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(chù),處)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(wú),無)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(zhú),竹)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(bǎi),柏)？EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(dàn),但)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(shǎo),少)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(xián),閑)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(rén),人)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(rú),如)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(wú),吾)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(liǎnɡ),兩)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(rén),人)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(zhě),者)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(ěr),耳)。譯文：元豐六年十月十二日夜晚（或公元1083年十月十二日夜，可不譯），（我）脫下衣服準(zhǔn)備睡覺時(shí)，恰好看見月光照在門上，（于是我就）高興地起床出門散步。想到?jīng)]有和我一起游樂的人，于是（我）前往承天寺尋找張懷民。懷民也沒有睡，我們便一同在庭院中散步。月光照在庭院里像積滿了清水一樣澄澈透明，水中的水藻、荇菜縱橫交錯(cuò)，原來是竹子和柏樹的影子。哪一個(gè)夜晚沒有月光？（又有）哪個(gè)地方?jīng)]有竹子和柏樹呢？只是缺少像我們兩個(gè)這樣清閑的人罷了。注釋：本文寫于宋神宗元豐六年（1083年），當(dāng)時(shí)，作者被貶到黃州已經(jīng)有四年了。在黃州任團(tuán)練副使，但不得“簽書公事”，也就是說做著有職無權(quán)的閑官。在這種情況下，作者寫了這篇短文，對月夜的景色作了美妙的描繪，真實(shí)的記錄了他當(dāng)時(shí)生活的一個(gè)片段?！队洺刑焖乱褂巍繁磉_(dá)的感情是微妙而復(fù)雜的，貶謫的悲涼，人生的感慨，賞月的欣喜，漫步的悠閑都包含其中。作者“解衣欲睡”的時(shí)候，“月色入戶”，于是“欣然起行”，月光難得，不免讓人欣喜?？墒菦]有人和自己共同賞月，只好去找同樣被貶的張懷民，這里面有多少貶低的悲涼與人生的感慨呀!兩人漫步中庭，又是悠閑的。自比“閑人”，則所有意味盡含其中。對澄澈透明的美妙的月色作了生動(dòng)形象的描繪，透露出作者在貶低中雖感慨幽微，而又隨緣自適，自我排遣的特殊心境。表達(dá)了作者對月光的愛慕抒發(fā)了作者自解、自矜、自嘲,對自然生活的向往與欣賞，和用與“閑人”相對的“忙人”（朝廷官員小人）的鄙夷與諷刺。134.【送東陽馬生序】（節(jié)選）明·宋濂EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(yú),余)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(yòu),幼)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(shí),時(shí))EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(jí),即)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(shì),嗜)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(xué),學(xué))。EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(jiā),家)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(pín),貧)，EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(wú),無)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(cónɡ),從)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(zhì),致)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(shū),書)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(yǐ),以)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(guān),觀)，EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(měi),每)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(jiǎ),假)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(jiè),借)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(yú),于)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(cánɡ),藏)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(shū),書)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(zhī),之)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(jiā),家)，EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(shǒu),手)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(zì),自)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(bǐ),筆)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(lù),錄)，EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(jì),計(jì))EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(rì),日)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(yǐ),以)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(huán),還)。EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(tiān),天)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(dà),大)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(hán),寒)，EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(yàn),硯)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(bīnɡ),冰)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(jiān),堅(jiān))，EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(shǒu),手)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(zhǐ),指)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(bù),不)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(kě),可)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(qū),屈)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(shēn),伸)，EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(fú),弗)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(zhī),之)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(dài),怠)。EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(lù),錄)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(bì),畢)，EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(zǒu),走)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(sònɡ),送)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(zhī),之)，EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(bù),不)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(ɡǎn),敢)EQ\*jc2\*hps22\o\ad(\s\up21(shāo),稍)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(yú),逾)EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(yuē),約)。EQ\*jc0\*hps22\o(\s\up21(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