《International Business Culture》課件-第6章 大洋洲商務(wù)文化與禮儀

1.AustraliaInternationalBusinessCultureandEtiquettePresenter:Date：2024-08-10AustraliaInternationalTradeOverviewAustraliaE-commerceMarketOverviewAustralianCultureandEtiquetteDevelopmentofCross-borderE-commerceAustraliaInternationalTradeOverviewAustraliaBriefIntroductionThefullnameofAustraliaistheCommonwealthofAustralia,locatedinthesouthernhemispherebetweentheSouthPacificandIndianOceans,beingthemainpartofOceania.Australiaisavastlandsurroundedbyocean,theonlycountryintheworldthatoccupiesanentirecontinent.Withdevelopedagricultureandanimalhusbandry,andabundantnaturalresources,itisknownasthe"countryonthesheep'sback,"the"countryridingonaminecart,"andthe"countryholdingthesheafofwheat."AustraliaBriefIntroductionAustraliahaslongreliedonexportingagriculturalproductsandmineralresourcesforsignificantincome.Itisrichinsheep,cattle,wheat,andsugarcane.Agricultureandanimalhusbandry,andminingareAustralia'straditionalindustries.Itisamajorproducerandexporterofmineralresourcesintheworld,themosteconomicallydevelopedcountryinthesouthernhemisphere,andtheworld's12thlargesteconomy.Itisalsothe4thlargestexporterofagriculturalproductsandthetopproducergloballyforvariousmineralproducts.AustraliaInternationalTradeSituation-

GoodsTradeMainlyincludes:mineralproducts,preciousmetalsandtheirproducts,andanimalproducts.Mainlyincludes:electricalmachinery,transportationequipment,andmineralproducts.ImportGoodsAExportGoodsBAustraliaInternationalTradeSituation-

GoodsTrade0204In2023,Australia'stotalgoodstradeexportsreachedUS$370.9billion,ranking22ndintheworld;totalgoodstradeimportswereUS$287.7billion,ranking25thintheworld.AustraliaInternationalTradeSituation-ServicesTrade02AccordingtoWTOstatistics,in2022,Australia'stotalserviceexportsreachedUS$50billion,ranking28thintheworld,whiletotalserviceimportswereUS$62.3billion,ranking26thintheworld.Themaincommoditystructuresare:transportationservices(21.02%),tourismservices(15.84%),otherbusinessservices(54.95%),andcommodity-relatedservices(3.48%).Themaincommoditystructuresare:transportationservices(7.73%),tourismservices(46.23%),otherbusinessservices(45.93%),andcommodity-relatedservices(0.11%)0102ServiceTradeImportsServiceTradeExportsAustraliaInternationalTradeSituation-ServicesTradeAustraliaInternationalTradeSituation-TradingPartners主要的出口伙伴China(29.5%),Japan(19.3%),SouthKorea(8.0%)In2023,Australia'sbilateraltradeingoodswithChinareachedUS$229.196billion.MineralproductsandagriculturalandanimalhusbandryproductsarethemainproductsAustraliaexportstoChina.MainExportPartnersChina(18.2%),UnitedStates(11.6%),Japan(7.8%)MainImportPartnersAustraliaInternationalTradeSituation-Sino-AustralianImportandExportTradeChinahasalwaysbeenAustralia'slargesttradingpartner,exportmarket,andsourceofimports.Currently,AustraliaimportsfromChinaprimarilyironore,coal,naturalgas,wool,barley,wheat,etc.ThemainproductsthatChinaexportstoAustraliaincludecomputers,communicationandelectronicequipment,homeappliances,toys,sportsgoods,clothing,andfurniture,etc.TheChina-AustraliaFreeTradeAgreement(FTA)officiallycameintoeffectinDecember2015,creatingbetterconditionsandanenvironmentfordeepeningcooperationintheenergyandmineralresourcessectorsbetweenenterprisesofthetwocountriesandexpandingexchangesinservices,infrastructure,agriculture,andotherfields.AustraliaE-commerceMarketOverview02AustraliaE-commerceMarketOverviewThedistributionofstoresinAustraliaisuneven,makingin-personshoppingrelativelyinconvenientforconsumers,butonlineshoppingbringsmanyconveniencestoconsumers.Accordingtomultiplee-commercereports,Australiaisoneofthefastest-growingandmostpowerfule-commercemarketsinthetopten.However,theAustraliane-commercemarketalsofacessomechallenges,suchasthelogisticalproblemsbroughtbythevastgeography,makinghightransportationcoststhegreatestchallengeduetothedisperseddeliverylocations.DevelopmentofCross-borderE-commerce03MainCross-borderE-commercePlatforms1.AmazonAustraliaWebsite:.au/Since2017,AmazonhasbeenenteringtheAustralianmarketandhasbecometheleaderinthemarketafteroperatinginAustraliafor6years,rankingfirstamongAustraliane-commerceplatforms.Amazon'sbest-sellingproductsaremainlybooksandebooks,homeandkitchensupplies,etc.MainCross-borderE-commercePlatforms2.ebayAustraliaWebsite:.au/Sinceitsestablishmentin1999,EbayhasbeenasignificantplayerintheAustralianmarket,beingthepioneere-commerceplatforminAustraliawith133millionactivebuyers,dominatingthemarket.Asalocalonlineretailgiant,Ebay'sservicesextendtotheOceaniaregion,includingAustraliaandneighboringcountries,providingconsumerswithquickandconvenientcross-borderpurchasingcapabilitiesandcreatingmanyopportunitiesforcross-bordersellers.MainCross-borderE-commercePlatforms3.CatchWebsite:.au/Catchisawell-knownlocale-commerceplatforminAustralia,originallynamedCatchoftheDay,foundedin2006.CatchisoneofAustralia'slargestdiscounte-commerceplatforms,offeringawidevarietyofproducts,includingelectronics,homegoods,clothing,beauty,andmore.Itisfamousforprovidingvaluedealsandtime-limitedoffers,attractingalargecustomerbase,withwomenaged25to45,withmoderateincomeandchildren,asthemainconsumergroup.MainCross-borderE-commercePlatforms4.ColesColesOfficialWebsite:.au/ColesWebsite:.au/Coleswasestablishedin1914asasupermarketchaingiantinAustralia,operatingmorethan800supermarketsacrossthecountry.Colesalsolaunchedanonlinesupermarket,sellinggroceries,consumergoods,andhomesuppliestoAustralianonlinecustomers.MainCross-borderE-commercePlatforms5.KoganKoganAustralianWebsite:/au/Koganwasfoundedin2006andisahouseholdnameinAustralianonlineretaile-commerce,offeringawideselectionofproductsincludingelectronics,homegoods,clothing,etc.,with3millionactivebuyers.TheadvantageofKoganisbeingabletoaccessKoganinAustraliaandNewZealandthroughasingleclicksync,allowingsellerstosellonKogan,DickSmith,andMattBlattplatformssimultaneously.Top-SellingCategoriesonE-commercePlatformsGroceryandFoodHealthandBeautyHairandSkinProducts,NutritionalSupplements,andOtherSelf-CareProductWomen'sFashionCategoryHobbiesandEntertainmentSuppliesIncludingautoparts,games,toys,andsportsandoutdoorequipment,etc.AustralianCultureandEtiquette04CulturalCustomsDiningCustoms:ThankstoAustralia'smulticulturalismanditswell-developedagriculture,animalhusbandry,andaquacultureindustries,Australiahasayear-roundsupplyoffreshandabundantfood,andonecanenjoycuisinesfromallovertheworlddaily.Australia'siconicfoodsinclude:Vegemite,Meatpies,ANZACbiscuits,Fishandchips,Pavlovacake,Kangaroomeat,Lamingtoncake,andAustralianBBQ.Australiansenjoyoutdoordining,andbarbecuesorpicnicsaretypical"Australian-style"waystoenjoyaweekendfeast.CulturalCustomsPicture:AustralianDelicacyVegemitePicture:PavlovaCakeCulturalCustoms020304Picture:LamingtonCakePicture:AustralianBBQBusinessEtiquette01DresscodesvaryacrossdifferentregionsofAustralia.InMelbourneandSydney,businessattireisrelativelyconservative.Menshouldweardark,conservativebusinesssuits.Womenshouldwearappropriateskirtsorsuits.InBrisbaneorothertropicalareas,dependingonthejobfunctionandcompanyculture,menmaywearshirts,ties,andBermudashorts.DressEtiquette02Businessmeetingsmustbepunctual;peoplehaveastrongsenseoftimeandplacegreatemphasisonefficiency.Socialappointmentsshouldnotexceedhalfanhour,andifoneislate,itisbesttocallaheadtonotifytheotherparty.MeetingEtiquetteBusinessEtiquetteTaboos①I(mǎi)nAustralia,evenafriendlywinktosomeone(especiallywomen)canbeconsideredextremelyrude.③ItisbesttoconductbusinessactivitiesinAustraliabetweenMarchandNovember,asothertimesaremostlyholidays.④InfluencedbyChristianity,Australiansgenerallydislike"13"and"Friday."②Australiansgreatlydislikerabbits,consideringthemanunluckyanimal.Therefore,productsexportedtoAustraliashouldavoidusinganimalpatternssuchasrabbitsthatarenotpopularwithlocalsastrademarks.CulturalCustomsintheE-commerceMarketAustraliansspendlonghoursonlinedailyandareactiveinonlineshopping.Australiansspendanaverageof10hoursdailyoninternet-connecteddevices.54%ofAustraliansover14haveshoppedonline.Australiansprefertoshopthroughtheirmobilephones.28%ofAustralianonlineshoppersusetheirmobilephonesforshopping.Australianconsumersareveryactiveonsocialmedia.ThemainstreamactivesocialmediaplatformsinAustraliaincludeFacebook,YouTube,Instagram,LinkedIn,andTwitter.2.NewZealandInternationalBusinessCultureandEtiquettePresenter:Date：2024-08-10NewZealandInternationalTradeOverviewNewZealandE-commerceMarketOverviewNewZealandCultureandEtiquetteDevelopmentofCross-borderE-commerceNewZealandInternationalTradeOverviewIntroductiontoNewZealandNewZealand,alsoknownasAotearoa,islocatedinthesouthwestofthePacificOceanwithitsterritoryconsistingoftheNorthandSouthIslands.NewZealandisoneofthemostbeautifulcountriesinOceaniaandglobally,withapproximately30%ofitslandprotectedasreserves,boasting3WorldHeritagesites,14nationalparks,3marineparks,hundredsofnaturereserves,andecologicalareas.IntroductiontoNewZealandNewZealandisahighlydevelopedcapitalistcountry,andtheWorldBankhaslisteditasoneoftheeasiestplacestodobusinessintheworld.Itseconomyhassuccessfullytransitionedfromagriculture-basedtoanindustrializedfreemarketeconomywithinternationalcompetitiveness.NewZealandleadstheworldintheexportvalueofdeervelvet,mutton,dairyproducts,andrawwool.NewZealandInternationalTradeOverview-

GoodsTradeThetradeismainlyfocusedonresource-basedproducts,includinganimalproducts,dairy,eggs,meat,andedibleoffal,foodandbeverages,woodandwoodproducts,plantproducts,etc.Dairyproductsareoneofitspillarexportproducts.mainlyinclude:electricalandmechanicalproducts,transportequipment,andmineralproducts.ImportcommoditiesAExportcommoditiesBNewZealandInternationalTradeOverview-

GoodsTradeIn2023,NewZealand'stotalgoodstradeexportsamountedtoUS$41.5billion,ranking62ndintheworld;totalgoodstradeimportsamountedtoUS$50billion,ranking59thintheworld.NewZealandInternationalTradeOverview-

ServicesTradeAsadevelopedcountry,NewZealandhasahighlevelofserviceindustrydevelopmentandstrongdomesticdemandforservices,withservicetradeexpandingsteadily.NewZealand'sservicetradeisconcentratedintourism,transportation,andotherbusinessservices,whichtogetherconstitutethemainpartofservicetradeimportsandexports.AccordingtoWTOstatistics,in2022,NewZealand'sservicetradeexportstotaledUS$11.3billion,ranking63rdintheworld,andservicetradeimportstotaledUS$16.7billion,ranking53rdintheworld.NewZealandInternationalTradeOverview-

ServicesTrade0102Themaincommoditystructuresare:Transportationservices(14.42%),Tourismservices(40.51%),Otherbusinessservices(45.05%)ServiceTradeExportsThemaincommoditystructuresare:Otherbusinessservices(56.64%),Transportationservices(27.35%),Tourismservices(13.81%),Commodity-relatedservices(2.20%)ServiceTradeImportsNewZealandInternationalTradeOverview-

Sino-NewZealandTradeTheeconomicandtradecooperationbetweenChinaandNewZealandhasdevelopedrapidly,becomingmulti-domain,multi-level,andmulti-form.Fromatradeperspective,ChinahasbeenNewZealand'slargestgoodstradingpartnerformanyconsecutiveyears.Fromaninvestmentperspective,NewZealand'sinvestmentsinChinamainlyinvolveagriculture,forestry,lightindustry,textiles,metallurgy,foodprocessing,pharmaceuticals,computers,andotherfields,whileChina'sinvestmentsinNewZealandmainlyinvolvethedairyindustry,resourcedevelopment,insurance,andconstruction,amongothers.TheChina-NewZealandFTAwassignedinApril2008andofficiallytookeffectinOctoberofthesameyear,markingthefirstbilateralcomprehensiveFTAChinasignedthatcoversgoodstrade,servicestrade,investment,andmanyotherareas.ItisalsoChina'sfirstFTAwithadevelopedcountry.NewZealandInternationalTradeOverview-

Sino-NewZealandTradeThemaincommoditiesChinaexportstoNewZealandareclothingandelectricalandmechanicalproducts.ThemaincommoditiesNewZealandexportstoChinaaredairyproducts,woodproducts,meat,etc.NewZealandE-commerceMarketOverview02NewZealandE-commerceMarketOverviewNewZealandisadevelopedEnglish-speakingcountrywithahealthyeconomyandhighaverageincome,andhaswidespreadinternetcoverage.Accordingtostatistics,theinternetpenetrationrateinNewZealandisashighas94%,andthee-commercepenetrationrateisnearly61%.94%61%NewZealandE-commerceMarketOverviewIn2021,NewZealandonlineshoppersspent$7.67billion,settinganewrecordforonlineconsumption,withonlinespendingincreasingby52%comparedtopreviousyears.Cross-bordershoppingalsoaccountsforasignificantshareoftheentireNewZealande-commercemarket,totaling$1.5billion,approximately29%ofthetotal.ThemostpopularcategoriesofgoodspurchasedonlineinNewZealandare:clothing,personalcareandbeauty,booksandmusicandmedia,jewelryandwatches,sportsandleisure,toys.Amongthese,clothing,booksmusicandmedia,toysareabovetheglobalaverage.DevelopmentofCross-borderE-commerce03KeyCross-borderE-commercePlatforms1.TrademeURL:https://www.trademe.co.nz/storesTradeMeisNewZealand'slargeste-commerceplatform,knownastheNewZealandversionofTaobao.Theplatformsupportstheonlineauctionandfixed-pricesalesofnewandusedgoodsandalsoprovidesvehicleandrealestatetransactions,recruitmentandjobsearchservices,anddomesticservices.TradeMeaccountsfor70%ofthetotaldomesticwebsitetrafficinNewZealand,withnearly7milliongoodsandserviceslisted,coveringmostoftheneedsofNewZealandersintheirdailylives.KeyCross-borderE-commercePlatforms2.ebayNewZealandURL:.au/TheAustralianandNewZealandbuyerssharetheeBayAustraliasite.eBayisthemostvisitedonlinemarketinAustraliaandNewZealand,withapproximately61.7millionmonthlyvisits.ItisratedasNewZealand'sfifthmostpopulare-commerceplatformandisveryseller-friendly.eBayhasalsolaunchedcross-bordertradeprogramstoencourageinternationalsellerstoenter.KeyCross-borderE-commercePlatforms3.KoganURL:/nz/KoganisanonlineshoppingsitefromAustraliaandisoneofthemostfamouslocalonlineretailersinAustralia,knownasthe"AustralianJD.com".KoganhaswarehousesinNewZealandandfocusesonsellingelectronicproductsandaccessories,someofwhicharefreeshipping.Top-SellingCategoriesonE-commercePlatformsGivenNewZealand'sagriculturaleconomy,therearegapsinthedomesticproductsupplychainandalackofcompleteproductcategories,NewZealandersarekeentopurchasefromoverseassellers.0201Themaincategoriesarerecreationalgoods/toys,furnitureproducts,outdoorfurniture,electronicproductsrepresentedbymobilephones,brandedclothing,cars,motorcycles,trailers,caravans,etc.ewZealande-commerceplatformbest-sellingcategoriesNewZealandCultureandEtiquette04CulturalCustomsDiningCustoms:NewZealand'sbeef,lamb,fish,vegetables,andfruitsareabundantandfresh.Intermsoffood,NewZealanderspreferBritish-styleWesterncuisine,withatasteforlightflavors,usingaEuropeancontinental-stylediningmethod,holdingtheforkwiththelefthand,andtheknifewiththeright.Theyenjoydrinkingcoffeeandblacktea.BusinessEtiquetteThinkingHabits:NewZealandersadvocateequalityandjustice,witharelativelyslowpaceoflifeandamoreleisurelylifestyleforthepeople.Atthesametime,NewZealandersareveryparticularaboutprivacy,especiallytheirhomelife,salaryincome,spouse,andchildren'sinformation,whichshouldnotbeasked.Taboos:FormostNewZeala