2023-2024學年江蘇省淮安市淮安區(qū)高一下學期期中考試英語試題 （解析版）

高級中學名校試題PAGEPAGE1江蘇省淮安市淮安區(qū)2023-2024學年高一下學期期中考試英語試題第一部分聽力(略)第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項。AExhibitionsintheBritishMuseumHokusai:beyondtheGreatWaveKatsushikaHokusai(1760-1849)iswidelyregardedasoneofJapan'smostfamousandinfluentialartists.Heproducedworksofastonishingqualityrightupuntilhisdeathattheageof90.Thisnewexhibitionwillleadyouonanartisticjourneythroughthelast30yearsofHokusai'slife—atimewhenheproducedsomeofhismostmemorablemasterpieces.25May—13August2017Room35Adults￡12,Members/under16sfreePlacesofthemind:Britishwatercolourlandscapes1850-1950DrawnfromtheBritishMuseum'srichcollection,thisisthefirstexhibitiondevotedtolandscapedrawingsandwatercoloursbyBritishartistsintheVictorianandmoderneras—twohalvesofverydifferentcenturies.23February—27August2017Room90Free,justdropinScythians:warriorsofancientSiberiaThismajorexhibitionexploresthestoryoftheScythians—nomadictribesandmastersofmountedwarfare,whoflourishedbetween900and200BC.TheirencounterswiththeGreeks,AssyriansandPersianswerewrittenintohistorybutforcenturiesalltraceoftheirculturewaslost—buriedbeneaththeice.14September2017—14January2018Room30Adults￡16.50,Members/under16sfreePoliticsandparadise:IndianpopularprintsfromtheMoscatelliGiftThisdisplayispartoftheMuseum'scontributiontotheIndia-UKYearofCulture2017.ItlooksatthepopularprintcultureofIndiafromthe1880suntilthe1950s.19July—3September2017Room90aFree,justdropin1.Ifyouareinterestedindrawingsofnaturalscenery,youwillprobablygoto______.A.Room35 B.Room90C.Room30 D.Room90a2.WhichexhibitioncanyouattendinOctober2017?A.Hokusai:beyondtheGreatWave.B.Scythians:warriorsofancientSiberia.C.Placesofthemind:Britishwatercolourlandscapes1850-1950.D.Politicsandparadise:IndianpopularprintsfromtheMoscatelliGift.3.Wherecanwemostprobablyfindthepassage?A.Inahealthreport. B.Inastorybook.C.Inaparentingmagazine. D.Inatourguide.【答案】1.B2.B3.D【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文，介紹了幾幅英國博物館展覽的藝術品?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據第二部分里“thisisthefirstexhibitiondevotedtolandscapedrawingsandwatercolours（這是第一個以風景畫和水彩畫為主題的展覽）”以及下段的“Room90”可知，如果你對自然風景的繪畫感興趣，你可能會去90房間。故選B?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據“Scythians:warriorsofancientSiberia”這一部分里的“14September2017—14January2018（2017年9月14日-2018年1月14日）”可知，在2017年十月份可以去參觀“Scythians:warriorsofancientSiberia”這幅作品。故選B?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據文章標題“ExhibitionsintheBritishMuseum（大英博物館的展覽）”可知，短文是對博物館里的藝術品的介紹，可知這篇文章可能出現在導游雜志里。故選D。BInmosttownstoday,youcanseeteenagersstandingoverelectronicmachineswithflashinglights,shootingatspaceshipsfromotherplanetsanddroppingbombsonstrangemonsters(惡魔).ThemachineshavenameslikeSpaceWarrior,DarkInvaderandsoon.Itusedtobebelievedthatdamagewasdoneonlytothosestrangevisitorsfromouterspace,butnowitseemsthattheyarestrikingback.Manyteenagerslikeelectronicgamessomuchthattheycan’tstopplaying.Theyspendhourstightlyholdingthejoystick(操縱桿)controlsandconstantly(不斷地)pressingbuttonsmarked“fire”.Theydeveloppainsontheirfingersbecauseoftheconstantpressure.Theyplayandplaythatthepainshavenochancetocureproperly.Therapidwrist(手腕)movementrequiredtoguidethespaceshipacrossthescreencausesanotherproblem:Themusclesofthewristandarmbecomesoinflamed(發(fā)炎的)andswollen(腫脹的)thattheypressagainstthebones.Thisconditioniswhatdoctorsnowcall“SpaceWarrior’sWrist”.Otherstrangeachesandpainsalsoarelikelytoaffecttheelbows(手肘)andshoulders.Anotherevenmorealarmingproblemisshownbythecaseofa17-year-oldgirlwhichwasrecentlyreportedintheBritishMedicalJournal.Shehadbeenplayingvariouskindsofelectronicgamesformorethantwohoursaday.Herfatherrepairedgamesandmachinesandshecouldusethesystemsinhisworkshopasoftenassheliked.Oneday,afterplayingagamecalledDarkInvader,shepassedoutandfelltothefloor.Doctorswhoexaminedherfoundshewassufferingfromanunusualillnesscausedbylightsflashingataparticularfrequency(頻率).4.Electronicgamesarefoundverypopularwith_______.A.teenagerslivingintownsB.studentsstudyinginhighschoolsC.girlsworkingintheirfather’sworkshopsD.peopleinterestedinspaceships5.“SpaceWarrior’sWrist”iscausedby_______.A.rapidlymovingthescreenB.inflamedandswollenmusclesofthewristC.tightlyholdingthejoystickcontrolsD.constantlypressingthebuttons6.Whydoestheauthormentionthecaseofa17-year-oldgirl?A.Tofeelsorryfortheyounggirl.B.Toshowyoungpeople’spoorhealth.C.Toprovethenegativeeffectsofplayingelectronicgames.D.Toremindparentstocontrolteenager’sbehaviorathome.7.Fromthepassagewecanconcludethatplayingelectronicgamesis_______.A.enjoyableandhelpfultothestudyB.excitingbutharmfultothehealthC.interestingbutharmlesstotheeyesD.amusingandsatisfying【答案】4.A5.B6.C7.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，主要討論了電子游戲在青少年中的流行以及由此引發(fā)的一些健康問題?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段中“Inmosttownstoday,youcanseeteenagersstandingoverelectronicmachineswithflashinglights,shootingatspaceshipsfromotherplanetsanddroppingbombsonstrangemonsters…”（在今天的大多數城鎮(zhèn)，你可以看到青少年站在閃著光的電子游戲機前，射擊來自其他星球的宇宙飛船，并向奇怪的怪物投擲炸彈……）可知，電子游戲在城鎮(zhèn)的青少年中非常流行。故選A項?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段中“Therapidwrist(手腕)movementrequiredtoguidethespaceshipacrossthescreencausesanotherproblem:Themusclesofthewristandarmbecomesoinflamed(發(fā)炎的)andswollen(腫脹的)thattheypressagainstthebones.Thisconditioniswhatdoctorsnowcall“SpaceWarrior’sWrist”.”（引導飛船穿越屏幕所需的快速手腕運動會引起另一個問題：手腕和手臂的肌肉變得如此發(fā)炎和腫脹，以至于它們壓迫骨頭。醫(yī)生現在稱這種情況為“太空戰(zhàn)士手腕”。）可知，“太空戰(zhàn)士手腕”是由手腕肌肉發(fā)炎和腫脹引起的。故選B項?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據第四段“Anotherevenmorealarmingproblemisshownbythecaseofa17-year-oldgirlwhichwasrecentlyreportedintheBritishMedicalJournal.Shehadbeenplayingvariouskindsofelectronicgamesformorethantwohoursaday.Herfatherrepairedgamesandmachinesandshecouldusethesystemsinhisworkshopasoftenassheliked.Oneday,afterplayingagamecalledDarkInvader,shepassedoutandfelltothefloor.”（《英國醫(yī)學雜志》最近報道了一名17歲女孩的病例，顯示了另一個更令人擔憂的問題。她每天玩各種電子游戲超過兩個小時。她的父親修理游戲和機器，她可以隨時使用他工作室里的系統(tǒng)。有一天，她在玩了一款名為DarkInvader的游戲后，昏倒在地板上。）可推知，段中提及了一個17歲女孩因玩游戲昏倒的例子，是為了證明玩電子游戲對健康的負面影響。故選C項?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。通讀全文，結合第一段中“Inmosttownstoday,youcanseeteenagersstandingoverelectronicmachineswithflashinglights,shootingatspaceshipsfromotherplanetsanddroppingbombsonstrangemonsters…”（在今天的大多數城鎮(zhèn)，你可以看到青少年站在閃著光的電子游戲機前，射擊來自其他星球的宇宙飛船，并向奇怪的怪物投擲炸彈……）、第二段中“Themusclesofthewristandarmbecomesoinflamed(發(fā)炎的)andswollen(腫脹的)thattheypressagainstthebones.Thisconditioniswhatdoctorsnowcall“SpaceWarrior’sWrist”.”（手腕和手臂的肌肉變得如此發(fā)炎和腫脹，以至于它們壓迫骨頭。醫(yī)生現在稱這種情況為“太空戰(zhàn)士手腕”。）和第四段“Anotherevenmorealarmingproblemisshownbythecaseofa17-year-oldgirlwhichwasrecentlyreportedintheBritishMedicalJournal.”（《英國醫(yī)學雜志》最近報道了一名17歲女孩的病例，顯示了另一個更令人擔憂的問題。）可知，雖然電子游戲可能很吸引人，但也會導致各種健康問題，如手腕、手肘和肩膀的疼痛，甚至可能引發(fā)由特定頻率的閃爍燈光引起的不尋常疾病。因此，我們可以得出結論，玩電子游戲雖然可能很刺激，但對健康是有害的。故選B項。CNaturalselectionistheprocessbywhichonetypeofanimalwithinaspeciesthrivesbecauseofcertainqualitiesthatmakeitmorelikelytolivethanothersinitsgroup.Thehistoryofthepepperedmoth(灰蛾)isanexampleofthenaturalselectionprocess.Innineteenth-centuryEngland,certaintypesofpepperedmothswereabletobetterblend(融合)intotheirsurroundings.Duringthattimeperiod,greatchangeswerehappeninginGreatBritain.TheIndustrialRevolutionwaspartofthischange,andwithitcameairpollution.Naturalselectionoftentakeshundredsoreventhousandsofyearstooccur.Forthepepperedmoth,thisprocessoccurredcomparatively(相對地)quickly.AtthebeginningoftheIndustrialAge,mostpepperedmothsinEnglandwerelight-coloredandcoveredwithblackmarkings,althoughafewmothshaddark-coloredwings.Becausethelight-coloredmothsblendedintothelight-coloredbarkonthetrees,theycouldnotbeeasilyseenbybirdsthatwouldeatthem.Astheairgrewmorepolluted,however,treetrunksbecamecoveredwithsoot(煤煙)andbecamedarker.Thelight-coloredmothsbecameeasyforbirdstoseeagainstthedarktreetrunks.Sincethedark-coloredmothsnowhadtheadvantage,theirnumbersgrew.Within50years,thepepperedmothwentfrombeingmostlylight-coloredtobeingmostlydark-colored.Inthetwentiethcentury,theairclearedup,andthepepperedmothpopulationchangedagain.Astreetrunkslightenedduetolesssootintheair,light-coloredmothsonceagainhadanadvantage.Theirnumbersincreasedassootlevelsdeclined(下降).Dependingontheirenvironment,thecolorationofthemothshelpedthemtobe“naturallyselected”tosurvive.8.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheword“thrives”inthefirstparagraph?A.reduces B.endangers C.increases D.changes9.Whatdoweknowaboutthepepperedmoth’snaturalselectionprocess?A.Thelengthoftimewasunusual.B.Itwasagoodexampleofenvironmentalprotection.C.Thistypeofcolorchangewastypicalformoths.D.ThesootlevelsinEnglanddidnotaffectit.10.Whatcanwelearnfromthethirdparagraph?A.Thecolorofmothswasunimportant.B.Bothkindsofmothspreferredthedark-coloredtrees.C.Thereweremorelight-coloredmothsthandark-coloredmoths.D.Thenumberofmothshadsomethingtodowiththelevelofairpollution.11.WhichwouldmostlikelyhappenifsootdarkenedEngland’streesagain?A.Birdswouldeatfewermoths.B.Mothswouldnotbeabletostayalive.C.Thepopulationofdark-coloredmothswouldincrease.D.Light-coloredmothswoulddisturbpeople’slife.【答案】8.C9.A10.D11.C【語篇解讀】本文為一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了英國灰蛾因為工業(yè)革命和近年來的環(huán)境改變的原因，發(fā)生的兩次不同種群的自然選擇變化過程?！?題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據文章第一段畫線單詞后“Naturalselectionistheprocessbywhichonetypeofanimalwithinaspecies

thrives

becauseofcertainqualitiesthatmakeitmorelikelytolivethanothersinitsgroup.

(自然選擇是指一個物種中的一種動物因為具有某些品質而比其他動物更有可能存活下來而thrives的過程。)”可知使得動物容易存活，所以指的是動物數量的增加，蓬勃發(fā)展，故C選項increases（增長，增強）與劃線詞意義一致。故選C?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據文章第二段“Naturalselectionoftentakeshundredsoreventhousandsofyearstooccur.Forthepepperedmoth,thisprocessoccurredcomparatively(相對地)quickly.(自然選擇通常需要數百年甚至數千年才能發(fā)生。對于灰蛾來說，這個過程發(fā)生得相對較快。)”可知，灰蛾在自然選擇的過程中所花的時間長度是不同尋常的。故選A?！?0題詳析】推理判斷題。根據文章第三段“AtthebeginningoftheIndustrialAge,mostpepperedmothsinEnglandwerelight-coloredandcoveredwithblackmarkings,althoughafewmothshaddark-coloredwings.(在工業(yè)時代初期，英國的大多數斑蛾都是淺色的，身上有黑色的斑紋，盡管有一些蛾子的翅膀是深色的。)”以及“Astheairgrewmorepolluted,however,treetrunksbecamecoveredwithsoot(煤煙)andbecamedarker.Thelight-coloredmothsbecameeasyforbirdstoseeagainstthedarktreetrunks.Sincethedark-coloredmothsnowhadtheadvantage,theirnumbersgrew.Within50years,thepepperedmothwentfrombeingmostlylight-coloredtobeingmostlydark-colored.(然而，隨著空氣污染越來越嚴重，樹干被煙灰覆蓋，顏色也越來越深。鳥兒很容易在深色的樹干上看到淺色的飛蛾。由于深色的飛蛾現在占了優(yōu)勢，它們的數量就增加了。在50年的時間里，灰蛾的大部分顏色從淺色變成了深色。)”可知，一開始大多數飛蛾的顏色是淺色的，隨著空氣污染的加重，灰蛾的大部分顏色從淺色變成了深色。所以灰蛾的數量與空氣的質量有關。故選D?！?1題詳析】推理判斷題。根據文章第三段“Astheairgrewmorepolluted,however,treetrunksbecamecoveredwithsoot(煤煙)andbecamedarker.Thelight-coloredmothsbecameeasyforbirdstoseeagainstthedarktreetrunks.Sincethedark-coloredmothsnowhadtheadvantage,theirnumbersgrew.Within50years,thepepperedmothwentfrombeingmostlylight-coloredtobeingmostlydark-colored.(然而，隨著空氣污染越來越嚴重，樹干被煙灰覆蓋，顏色也越來越深。鳥兒很容易在深色的樹干上看到淺色的飛蛾。由于深色的飛蛾現在占了優(yōu)勢，它們的數量就增加了。在50年的時間里，灰蛾的大部分顏色從淺色變成了深色。)”可知，英格蘭的樹干顏色再次變深，那么深色的飛蛾的數量會增加。故選C。DThissummerhasbroughtextremeheatanddroughtstoplacesaroundtheworld.Thedroughtsareleadingtoseriousproblemsandtheeffectsofthedroughtsarelikelytobefeltforyears.Droughtsaren’tnew,butEarth’srisingtemperaturesbecauseofglobalwarmingaremakingthemmuchhardertoavoid.ThedroughtintheHornofAfricamaybethemostserioussituation.Forseveralyears,theareahashadverylittlerainduringtherainyseasons.Thedryconditionshavekilledmillionsoffarmanimalsanddestroyedthecropsoffarmers.ThedroughtiscausingenergyproblemsinEurope,too.Thelowwaterlevelshavecuttheamountofhydroelectricpowerthatcanbeproduced.Someriversaresolowthattheheavyboatsthatcarrycoalcan’ttravelonthem.FarmersinCaliforniaandArizonahavebeenhitparticularlyhard.Californiahasputlimitsonwateruseacrossthestate.Nowwaterisbeinglimitedinotherplaces.Whentherearewaterlimits,farmersaren’tabletogrowasmanycrops.Thatcandriveupfoodprices,andthataffectseveryone.Chinaisfacingsimilarproblems.ThedroughthasdriedupmuchofthewaterintheYangtze,China’slongestriver.Thathascuttheamountofenergyproducedbytheworld’slargestdamby40%.Chinahasn’tbeenabletoproduceenoughenergy,sincemillionsofpeopleareusingelectricitytokeepcool.Thegovernmentiscallingonthepublictoturnofftheairconditionerwhenitisnottoohot.Thecountryistryingtomakeitrainbyshootingchemicalsintoclouds.Butthisisanuncertainandtemporaryresponse.Therearenoeasysolutionstoanyofthesedroughts.Ittookyearstocreatetheclimatecrisis,anditwilltakealongtimetogetitundercontrol.Fornow,governmentsandpeoplewillneedtocarefullymanagewatersuppliesandotherresourcestolimitthedamageasmuchaspossible.12.Whathasbeenaffectedbydroughtsaccordingtothepassage?A.Technology.B.Transportation.C.Education.D.Tourism.13.WhatmeasureshavebeentakentodealwithdroughtsinChina?A.Bringingwaterfromothercountries.B.Findingreplacementforrainwater.C.Limitingtheuseofdrinkingwater.D.Controllingtheuseofelectricity.14.Howmighttheauthorfeelaboutthefightagainstdrought?A.Concerned.B.Satisfied.C.Disappointed.D.Optimistic.15.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.WorldwideDroughtsAppearedasNewProblemsB.ChinaIsalsoFacingtheSeriousDroughtProblemC.DroughtsCauseProblemsAroundtheWorldD.ManyReasonsLeadtotheDroughtProblem【答案】12.B13.D14.A15.C【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章介紹了干旱給各世界各地帶來的問題?！?2題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段中“ThedroughtiscausingenergyproblemsinEurope,too.Thelowwaterlevelshavecuttheamountofhydroelectricpowerthatcanbeproduced.Someriversaresolowthattheheavyboatsthatcarrycoalcan’ttravelonthem.(干旱也給歐洲帶來了能源問題。低水位減少了可生產的水力發(fā)電量。有些河流水位很低，載煤的重型船只無法在上面航行)”可知，干旱導致有些河流水位降低，從而影響運輸。故選B項?！?3題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據倒數第二段中“Chinahasn’tbeenabletoproduceenoughenergy,sincemillionsofpeopleareusingelectricitytokeepcool.Thegovernmentiscallingonthepublictoturnofftheairconditionerwhenitisnottoohot.(中國一直無法生產足夠的能源，因為數百萬人都在使用電力來降溫。政府呼吁公眾在天氣不太熱的時候關掉空調)”可知，中國通過控制用電來應對干旱。故選D項?！?4題詳析】推理判斷題。根據最后一段中“Therearenoeasysolutionstoanyofthesedroughts.Ittookyearstocreatetheclimatecrisis,anditwilltakealongtimetogetitundercontrol.(這些干旱都沒有簡單的解決辦法。氣候危機的產生歷時多年，要控制氣候危機也需要很長時間)”可推知，作者對與旱災的斗爭充滿擔憂。故選A項?！?5題詳析】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章介紹了干旱給非洲之角、歐洲、加州、亞利桑那州和中國等多地帶來的問題，由此推知“干旱在世界各地造成問題”是文章最佳標題。故選C項。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。TipsforLearningNewTechnologyWeliveinaveryexcitingtime.However,withsuchawealthofresources,theoptionsoflearningnewtechnologycanbeverydifficult._____16_____.WhattolearnThefirststep,whenpickingupanewskill,istodeterminewhattolearn._____17_____.It’simportanttohavethisstrongpassion,asitwillprovideyouwiththenecessaryfuel.Onceyoudecidewhattolearn,reviewingwhatothershavedonewillgiveyouconfidencethatyou,too,candoit!ListenandwatchAsyouexploredeeperintothepoolofknowledge,youwillwanttoaddotherformsofinformation.IencourageyoutobrowsethroughiTunesU._____18_____.Youcanlistentoandwatchwhatyouarelearning.Thisisparticularlyhelpfulforthosewhopreferanacademicsetting.Besides,thereareahandfulofwebsitesthatofferonlineeducationthesedays.____19____Thebestwaytolearnisbydoing.Okay,you’vereadcountlesstutorials,watchedvideos,andhaveabetterunderstandingofthetechnologythatyouhavebeenhopingtolearn.Whatnow?_____20_____.Eventually,thebestwaytolearnisbydoing.Pickapersonalprojectthatyoucanbuildusingthisnewtechnology.A.TimeforactionB.LearntoshareC.It’stimetoputyourknowledgetouseD.IsuggestyoukeepawayfromyourphonesE.ThiscouldbeanythingyouareinterestedinF.ItofferscompleteclassesonavarietyoftopicsG.Thefollowingtipscanhelpyoustartyourlearning【答案】16.G17.E18.F19.A20.C【語篇解讀】本文是是一篇說明文。文章首先指出在資源豐富的今天，選擇學習新技術的途徑可能會很困難，然后給出了幾個建議來幫助讀者開始學習新技術?！?6題詳析】上文“However,withsuchawealthofresources,theoptionsoflearningnewtechnologycanbeverydifficult.

(然而，有著如此豐富的資源，學習新技術的選擇可能會非常困難)”提出學習新的技術面臨困難，后文給出三條建議。G選項“Thefollowingtipscanhelpyoustartyourlearning(以下的建議可以幫助你開始學習)”承上啟下，引出下文的具體建議，下文語意連貫。故選G?！?7題詳析】上文“Thefirststep,whenpickingupanewskill,istodeterminewhattolearn.(當學習一項新技能時，第一步是確定要學什么)”提出第一步是確定要學什么，E選項“Thiscouldbeanythingyouareinterestedin(這可以是任何你感興趣的東西)”承接上文，給出了具體的建議，明確要選擇感興趣的東西來學習，上下文語意連貫。故選E?！?8題詳析】上文“IencourageyoutobrowsethroughiTunesU.

(我鼓勵你瀏覽iTunesU)”建議瀏覽iTunesU。F選項“Itofferscompleteclassesonavarietyoftopics(它提供了各種主題的完整課程)”承接上文，說明了iTunesU的優(yōu)點，句中指示代詞“It”指代上文“iTunesU”，上下文語意連貫。故選F?！?9題詳析】設空句為段落標題，根據下文“Thebestwaytolearnisbydoing.(最好的學習方法就是實踐)”可知，本段說明了實踐的重要性，建議行動起來。故A選項“Timeforaction(是時候行動了)”是本段內容的概括，是最佳小標題。故選A?！?0題詳析】上文“Okay,you’vereadcountlesstutorials,watchedvideos,andhaveabetterunderstandingofthetechnologythatyouhavebeenhopingtolearn.Whatnow?(好了，你已經閱讀了無數的教程，觀看了視頻，并且對你一直希望學習的技術有了更好的理解。現在該做什么?)”提到在閱讀了無數的教程和觀看了視頻后，現在怎么辦？C選項“It’stimetoputyourknowledgetouse(是時候把你的知識運用起來了)”承接上文，作出回答：運用所學知識進行實踐，與小標題呼應，上下文語意連貫。故選C。第三部分語言知識運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Iwasalwayscomplainingaboutwindorrain.Althoughitwasnothingunusualforthearrivalofwindorrain,itcausedinconvenienceformetogoout,andsometimesitevencreatedanawfulatmosphere,soI____21____itstrongly.Onarainydayameteorologist(氣象學家)Imetwasvery____22____atmygreatangercausedbyrainthatmadealittleinconvenienceforme.Heasked,“Haveyoueverseentyphoon?Doyouknowwhatwouldhappentotheworldiftherewerenotyphoon?”Ishookmyhead.Ihadnoexperienceofhowpowerfulitwaswhenitalmostblewawayeverything____23____itsway.“Well,letmetellyou,”themeteorologistsaid.“Withoutitthe____24____offreshwaterwillbemoreserious,foritisagreat____25____ofwatersupplyonearth.Withoutit,therewouldbeagreaterimbalanceinthedistribution(分布)of____26____.Theequatorial(赤道的)areathatreceivesthemostsunshineonearth____27____entirelyontyphoontodisperse(驅散)heat.Withouttyphoonthetropics(熱帶地區(qū))wouldbeeven____28____whilethefrigidzonesmuchcolder.Asaresultthetemperatezones(溫帶)would____29____fromtheworld...”Ignorancemademe_____30_____.Idislikedwindonlybecauseitruffled(吹亂)myhair.IhatedrainmerelybecauseIhadtocarryanumbrella.ButIhadnoideaatallthattyphoon—somethingmuchmoreviolent,somethingathousandtimesmore_____31_____thanwindorrain—wasa(n)_____32_____totheexistenceofmankind._____33_____noroadonearthgoesallthewayonlevelground,there’snopersonintheworldwhocandowhateverhepleases.Wrongasitisforpeopletoguardagainsttyphoon,itisadvisableforamantostoptothinkforamomentbeforehecomplains.“_____34_____typhoondisappearedalltogether?Whatwouldtheworldbecomethen?”The_____35_____willkeephimcalmandleadhimclosertotruth—hewillbebetterawareoftheworldhelivesin.21.A.blamed B.refused C.fought D.punished22.A.excited B.delighted C.puzzled D.encouraged23.A.on B.in C.by D.under24.A.supply B.lack C.waste D.amount25.A.power B.resource C.source D.strength26.A.time B.wealth C.energy D.warmth27.A.moves B.depends C.keeps D.holds28.A.better B.cooler C.hotter D.warmer29.A.remove B.move C.disappear D.escape30.A.shortsighted B.anxious C.frightened D.upset31.A.amazing B.appealing C.exciting D.upsetting32.A.success B.advantage C.approach D.must33.A.As B.Since C.While D.When34.A.Whatabout B.Whatif C.Evenif D.Howcome35.A.answers B.theories C.complaints D.mysteries【答案】21.A22.C23.B24.B25.C26.D27.B28.C29.C30.A31.D32.D33.A34.B35.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者對于風雨和臺風的看法轉變，從一個總是抱怨風雨帶來不便的人，到了解到臺風對人類生存的重要性，提醒人們在抱怨之前要思考，以更好地理解自己所生活的世界?！?1題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管風或雨的到來并不是什么不尋常的事，但它給我出門帶來了不便，有時甚至會造成糟糕的氛圍，所以我強烈地責怪它。A.blamed責備，責怪；B.refused拒絕；C.fought與……作斗爭；D.punished懲罰。根據上文“itcausedinconvenienceformetogoout,andsometimesitevencreatedanawfulatmosphere”可知，糟糕的天氣給作者帶來了不便，因此作者責怪天氣。故選A項?！?2題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在一個雨天，我遇到的一位氣象學家對我因為下雨造成的一點小不便而大發(fā)雷霆感到非常困惑。A.excited興奮的；B.delighted高興的；C.puzzled困惑的；D.encouraged受到鼓舞的。根據下文“mygreatanger”和“alittleinconvenience”可知，作者為下雨造成的一點不便而大發(fā)雷霆感，由此推知，氣象學家會對此感到困惑。故選C項?！?3題詳析】考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：我從來沒有經歷過，當它幾乎把阻擋它的一切都吹走時，它是多么的勢不可擋。A.on在……上面；B.in在……中；C.by在……旁邊；D.under在……下面。結合常識和上文“blewawayeverything”可推知，臺風幾乎會刮走阻擋它的一切；inone’sway“妨礙某人；擋了某人的路”。故選B項?！?4題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：沒有它，淡水的缺乏將更加嚴重，因為它是地球上水資源的一個巨大來源。A.supply供應；B.lack缺乏；C.waste浪費；D.amount數量。根據下文“foritisagreatofwatersupplyonearth.”可知，臺風是淡水之源，沒有臺風，淡水的缺乏將更加嚴重。故選B項?！?5題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：沒有它，淡水的缺乏將更加嚴重，因為它是地球上水資源的一個巨大來源。A.power力量；B.resource資源；C.source來源；D.strength力氣。根據下文“watersupplyonearth”可知，臺風是地球上水資源的一個重要來源。故選C項?！?6題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：沒有它，熱量的分布將會有更大的不平衡。A.time時間；B.wealth財富；C.energy能量；D.warmth溫暖。根據下文“Theequatorial(赤道的)areathatreceivesthemostsunshineonearthentirelyontyphoontodisperse(驅散)heat.”可知，臺風可以驅散熱量，所以如果沒有它，熱量的分布將會有更大的不平衡。故選D項?！?7題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：地球上接受陽光最多的赤道地區(qū)完全依賴臺風來驅散熱量。A.moves移動；B.depends依賴；C.keeps保持；D.holds握住。根據上文“Theequatorial(赤道的)areathatreceivesthemostsunshineonearth”和下文“disperse(驅散)heat”可推知，赤道地區(qū)完全依賴臺風來驅散熱量。故選B項?！?8題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：沒有臺風，熱帶地區(qū)甚至會更熱，而寒冷地區(qū)會更冷。A.better更好的；B.cooler更涼爽的；C.hotter更熱的；D.warmer更溫暖的。根據上文“Theequatorial(赤道的)areathatreceivesthemostsunshineonearthentirelyontyphoontodisperse(驅散)heat.”和下文“thefrigidzonesmuchcolder”可知，赤道地區(qū)完全依賴臺風來驅散熱量，如果沒有臺風，熱帶地區(qū)甚至會更熱，而寒冷地區(qū)會更冷。故選C項?！?9題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：結果，溫帶將從世界上消失……。A.remove移除；B.move移動；C.disappear消失；D.escape逃跑。根據上文“Withouttyphoonthetropics(熱帶地區(qū))wouldbeevenwhilethefrigidzonesmuchcolder.”可知，沒臺風來均衡熱量，熱帶會更熱，寒帶會更冷，將沒有中間地帶，溫帶將從世界上消失。故選C項?！?0題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：無知使我目光短淺。A.shortsighted目光短淺的；B.anxious焦慮的；C.frightened害怕的；D.upset沮喪的。結合上文可知作者僅僅因為天氣給自己造成了不便就責備天氣，沒有意識到下雨的重要作用，作者的無知讓他目光短淺。故選A項。【31題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但我完全不知道，臺風——一種比風雨更猛烈、更令人不安的東西——是人類生存的必需品。A.amazing令人驚奇的；B.appealing吸引人的；C.exciting令人興奮的；D.upsetting令人不安的。根據上文“muchmoreviolent”可知，臺風是比風雨更令人不安的東西。故選D項。【32題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但我完全不知道，臺風——一種比風雨更猛烈、更令人不安的東西——是人類生存的必需品。A.success成功；B.advantage優(yōu)點；C.approach方法；D.must必需品。根據第四段中對臺風作用的介紹和后文“totheexistenceofmankind”可知，臺風是人類生存所必須。故選D項?！?3題詳析】考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：正如世上沒有一條路是完全平坦的，世上也沒有一個人能隨心所欲。A.As正如；B.Since自從；C.While當……時候；D.When當……時候?！皀oroadonearthgoesallthewayonlevelground”和“there’snopersonintheworldwhocandowhateverhepleases”是類比關系，用連詞as表示“正如”，引導比較狀語從句。故選A項。【34題詳析】考查固定句型辨析。句意：“如果臺風都消失了會怎么樣？那時世界會變成什么樣子？”A.Whatabout……怎么樣；B.Whatif如果……會怎么樣；C.Evenif即使；D.Howcome怎么會這樣。根據下文“typhoondisappearedalltogether?”可知，這是一種假設：臺風如果全部消失會怎么樣，whatif符合語境。故選B項。【35題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這個答案會讓他保持冷靜，讓他更接近真相——他會更好地了解他所生活的世界。A.answers答案；B.theories理論；C.complaints抱怨；D.mysteries神秘的事物。上文“typhoondisappearedalltogether?Whatwouldtheworldbecomethen?”提出了兩個問題，所以此處是指問題的答案。故選A項。第二節(jié)語法填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當的內容或括號內單詞的正確形式。TuYouyou,bornin1930,inNingnbo,ZhejiangProvince,madegreatcontributionstothefightagainstmalaria,oneofthe____36____(deadly)diseasesinhumanhistory.ShewasawardedaNobelPrizeforherwork,thusbecomingthefirstfemalescientistofthePeople’sRepublicofChina____37____(receive)sucharemarkableprize.InherNobelLecture,TuYouyousaidthattheprocessofextractingqinghaowasfarfromsmooth.WhenTujoinedthenationalresearchteamtofindthemedicine___38___couldfightagainstmalariainthe1960sand1970s,thingswerehard.Theteamdidn’thave___39___(advance)equipmentbackthen.Herteam___40___(refer)tooldChinesemedicinebooksandtestedover2,000traditionalrecipes.Tuevenusedtotestmedicinesbyeatingthemherself.Finally,Tu’seffortspaid___41___.Shefoundqinghaoinsweetwormwoodin1971.Afterwards,shespentthenextdecades____42____(try)toimprovethemedicine.AccordingtoTuYouyou,the____43____(discover)ofqinghaowasateameffort.UponhearingthatshehadbeenawardedtheNobelPrize,shesaid,“Thehonourisnotjust____44____(I).Thereisateambehindme,andallthepeopleofmycountry.”Shealsothought____45____isscientists’dutytofightforthehealthofallhumans.【答案】36.deadliest37.toreceive38.that/which39.advanced40.referred41.off42.trying43.discovery44.mine45.it【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了女科學家屠呦呦發(fā)現青蒿素，為抗擊瘧疾做出巨大貢獻，被授予諾貝爾獎?！?6題詳析】考查形容詞最高級。句意：。屠呦呦，1930年出生于浙江寧波，為防治人類歷史上最嚴重的疾病之一——瘧疾做出了巨大貢獻?！皁neof++形容詞最高級+可數名詞復數”表示“最……之一”，所以空處應用形容詞最高級形式。故填deadliest?！?7題詳析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：屠呦呦是中華人民共和國第一位獲得諾貝爾獎的女科學家，因其工作獲得了諾貝爾獎?？仗幾鞣侵^語動詞，被修飾詞femalescientist前有序數詞thefirst修飾，所以空處應用不定式作后置定語。故填toreceive?！?8題詳析】考查定語從句。句意：20世紀60至70年代，當屠呦呦加入國家科研團隊來尋找抗瘧藥物時，情況十分艱難?？崭裉幮揎椣刃性~medicine，且在定語從句中作主語，指物用that或which。故填that/which?！?9題詳析】考查形容詞。句意：當時團隊沒有先進的裝備。形容詞修飾名詞作定語，“先進的”是advanced。故填advanced。【40題詳析】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：她的團隊查閱了古老的中醫(yī)書籍，并測試了2,000多種傳統(tǒng)藥方。根據 tested可知，句子時態(tài)用一般過去時，and連接并列的謂語動詞，且空格處是謂語動詞，用過去式。故填referred。【41題詳析】考查介詞。句意：最后，屠呦呦的努力得到了回報。payoff表示“取得成功，得到回報”。故填off?！?2題詳析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：之后她又花了幾十年的時間嘗試改良藥物。spend+時間+(in)doing表示“花費時間做某事”，用動名詞形式作賓語。故填trying?！?3題詳析】考查名詞。句意：據屠呦呦介紹，青蒿的發(fā)現是整個團隊共同努力的結果。根據冠詞the可知，此處應用名詞discovery作主語。故填discovery?！?4題詳析】考查代詞。句意：當得知自己獲得諾貝爾獎時，她說：“這個榮譽不只屬于我一個人”。此處用名詞性物主代詞mine表示“我的榮譽”。故填mine?！?5題詳析】考查形式主語it。句意：她還認為，為全人類的健康而奮斗是科學家的天職。句子使用句型itis+名詞+todo，其中it作形式主語，todo是真正的主語。故填it。第四部分第四部分課本基礎知識運用((共5小題;每小題1分，滿分5分)用課本語段中的原詞填空。Humanactivitiesthathave____46