2024-2025學(xué)年湖北省高二下學(xué)期2月三校聯(lián)考英語試題（解析版）

高級中學(xué)名校試題PAGEPAGE1湖北省2024-2025學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期2月三校聯(lián)考英語試卷第一部分聽力（略）第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié),滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AVisitTheseCulturalHotSpotsin2024GuangzhouMuseumofArt,Guangzhou,ChinaCoveredwith21,008piecesof“fishscales(鱗)”glass,GuangzhouMuseumofArtlookslikeabloomingheroflower.ThislandmarkbuildingfeaturessevenfloorsofexhibitsincludingancientandcontemporaryChinesepaintings,watercolors,calligraphyandsculpture.OpeningHours:TuesdaytoSunday:9a.m-5p.m.Closed:MondayIstanbulModern,Istanbul,TurkeyInIstanbul,there’sa110,000-square-footartspacegiventoRenzoPiano,afamousItalianarchitect,toshowmodernartfromTurkeyandbeyond.Thebuildinghasashinyaluminum(鋁)surfacethatmirrorsthenearbyBosporus.Inside,glass-walledroomsfeaturelargeabstractpaintings.ThecaféatthetopoffersabreathtakingviewofAsia,withasmall“pool”thatseemstostretchtothehorizon.OpeningHours:TuesdaytoThursday,SaturdayandSunday:10a.m.-6p.m.Friday:10a.m.-8p.m.Closed:MondayFolgerShakespeareLibrary,Washington,D.C.,USAFansoftheBardwillfindtheworld’slargestcollectionofShakespeareana,includingwritingsoritemsrelatedtoShakespeare,atthisnewlyrestoredandexpandedmuseumandlibraryreopeninginJune.LocatedinWashington,D.C.’sCapitolHillneighborhood,theFolgerhasmoreFirstFolios—therare1623bookcontainingallofShakespeare’splays—thananywhereelseintheworld.AnElizabethan-stylestagepresentsbothclassicandnewworks.Openinghours:Tuesday,WednesdayandSunday:11a.m.-6p.m.Thursday,FridayandSaturday:11a.m.-9p.m.Closed:Monday.CanadianCanoeMuseum,Ontario,CanadaOneofthebestthingsaboutvisitingtheworld’slargestcollectionofcanoes(獨(dú)木舟)andkayaks(皮艇)?Youcanactuallyrowuptoit.Thestreamlined,boat-shapedfacility,whichhasitsgrandopeninginMay,islocatedlakesideinPeterborough.Afterseeingmorethan600boatsorlearningtocarvepaddles(槳)withAnishinaabeartists,visitorscangoonagroupboattriparoundLittleLake.Openinghours:MondaytoFriday(MaytoOctober):10a.m.-5p.m.MondaytoFriday(NovembertoApril):10a.m.-4p.m.SaturdayandSunday:1p.m.-4p.m.1.WhatisasharedfeatureofGuangzhouMuseumofArtandIstanbulModern?A.Theyhaveuniquearchitecturaldesigns. B.Theymainlydisplayancientart.C.Theyhaveexactlythesameopeninghours. D.Theyhostsomeofthefinestcafés.2.WhatcanvisitorsdoatFolgerShakespeareLibrary?A.Viewacollectionofmodernart.B.GetcopiesofFirstFoliosforfree.C.Restorethecollectedwritingsanditems.D.EnjoyplaysonanElizabethan-stylestage.3.WhataretheSundayopeninghoursoftheCanadianCanoeMuseuminDecember?A.10:00-16:00. B.10:00-17:00. C.11:00-21:00. D.13:00-16:00.【答案】1.A2.D3.D【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要講述的是2024年值得訪問的文化熱點，包括廣州藝術(shù)博物館、伊斯坦布爾現(xiàn)代美術(shù)館等地標(biāo)性文化設(shè)施?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)GuangzhouMuseumofArt,Guangzhou,China部分中的“Coveredwith21,008piecesof“fishscales”glass,GuangzhouMuseumofArtlookslikeabloomingheroflower.(廣州藝術(shù)博物館覆蓋著21,008片“魚鱗”狀玻璃，外觀宛如一朵盛開的英雄花。)”可知，廣州藝術(shù)博物館擁有獨(dú)特的建筑設(shè)計，結(jié)合IstanbulModern,Istanbul,Turkey部分中的“ThebuildinghasashinyaluminumsurfacethatmirrorsthenearbyBosporus.Inside,glass-walledroomsfeaturelargeabstractpaintings.(該建筑擁有反射附近博斯普魯斯海峽的閃亮鋁制表面。內(nèi)部，玻璃墻的房間展示著大型抽象畫作。)”可知，伊斯坦布爾現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)館有獨(dú)特的建筑特色，由此可知，廣州藝術(shù)博物館和伊斯坦布爾現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)館都擁有獨(dú)特的建筑設(shè)計。故選A項?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)FolgerShakespeareLibrary,Washington,D.C.,USA部分中的“AnElizabethan-stylestagepresentsbothclassicandnewworks.(一個伊麗莎白風(fēng)格的舞臺既呈現(xiàn)經(jīng)典作品，也展示新作。)”可知，訪客可以在該地的伊麗莎白風(fēng)格舞臺上欣賞戲劇表演。故選D項?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)CanadianCanoeMuseum,Ontario,Canada部分中的“Openinghours:MondaytoFriday(MaytoOctober):10a.m.-5p.m.;MondaytoFriday(NovembertoApril):10a.m.-4p.m.;SaturdayandSunday:1p.m.-4p.m.(開放時間：周一至周五（5月至10月）：上午10點至下午5點；周一至周五（11月至4月）：上午10點至下午4點；周六和周日：下午1點至下午4點)”可知，12月份周日的開放時間是下午1點至下午4點。故選D項。BItwasmybirthday,andIwascelebratingitasIhadforyears:WatchingtheannualPerseidmeteorshower(流星雨).Butthistime,asthemeteorsflashedacrossthesky,I,ajuniorgirl,begantoquestion,“Couldmylifelongloveforastronomybemorethanahobby?”Igrewupinasmalltown,whereevengraduatingfromhighschoolwasnotagivenformanystudents.ButIwasdriventopursuemyeducation,andlikemybestfriend’sdad—apharmacist(藥劑師),oneofthefewprofessionalrolemodelsinmyneighborhood,therefore,Ichosetomajorinpharmacy,thescienceofpreparingmedicines,attheUniversityofNorthCarolina.Theuniversitywasonlya3.5-hourdriveaway,butitfeltacrosstheuniverse.IntheweekssinceIbeganmypharmacydegree,IhadmetpeoplewithjobsandPhDsindifferentbranchesofscienceIhadneverconsidered—neuroscience,archaeology,andevenastrophysics.TheirpassionandknowledgeopenedmyeyestoworldsIhadneverimagined.AsmybirthdayandthePerseidmeteorshowerapproached,Iwasfacedwithadecision:ShouldIsticktomylong-standingplansortakeastepintotheunknown?Ultimately,asolareclipse(日食)helpedmemakemydecision.AstheMoongraduallyshadedtheSun,theworlddarkenedaroundme.Thestillnessofthewater,thedesperatecallsofbirds,andthefadingsunsetdeeplymovedme.IknewwhatIhadtodo.Idroppedoutofpharmacyschooltopursuepreviouslyunimaginedoptions.Facingyearsofchallengesandgrowth,Iworkedoddjobsbeforeearningaseconddegreeinphysics,startingaPhDinastronomy,andrealizedthatthenightsky’svastnessinspiredmetoovercomedoubtsandfollowmydreams.AsIapproachthefinalyearofmyPhD,Irealizethatgrowingupwiththenightskygavemeavaluablegift.Itgavemeaninsightintolife:Onthescaleofourvastuniverse,ourindividualneeds,desires,fears,andinsecuritiesshrinktoinsignificance,bringinghumanitytogether.Itliberatedmefromallowingearthlyworries,shame,orself-doubttostandinthewayofpursuingnewdreams.4.Whatmotivatedtheauthortomajorinpharmacy?A.Herambitiontobecomeadoctor.B.Theencouragementofherfriend.C.HerchildhoodpassionforpharmacyD.Theinfluenceofherbestfriend’sfather.5.Howdidtheauthor’sexperienceatuniversityshapeher?A.Ithelpedhersticktoherbelief.B.Itopenedhermindtonewideas.C.Itenhancedherpharmacystudy.D.Itdevelopedherthinkingabilities.6.Whatcanwelearnfromtheauthor’sunderstandingoflife?A.Acceptinginsecuritieshelpsushandlechallenges.B.Personalproblemsstillmatterinthevastuniverse.C.It’svitaltopursuedreamsdespitepersonalchallenges.D.Itissmallandunimportantthingsthatmeanalottous.7.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthor?A.Caringandpatient. B.Modestandhonest.C.Generousandhelpful. D.Curiousanddetermined.【答案】4.D5.B6.C7.D【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述的是作者在追求藥學(xué)學(xué)位的過程中，因?qū)μ煳膶W(xué)的熱愛和一次日食的經(jīng)歷，最終決定追隨夢想，轉(zhuǎn)行投身天文學(xué)的故事?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“ButIwasdriventopursuemyeducation,andlikemybestfriend’sdad—apharmacist,oneofthefewprofessionalrolemodelsinmyneighborhood,therefore,Ichosetomajorinpharmacy,thescienceofpreparingmedicines,attheUniversityofNorthCarolina.(但我被驅(qū)使著追求我的教育，就像我最好的朋友的父親——我們社區(qū)中少數(shù)幾位職業(yè)楷模之一的藥劑師那樣，因此我選擇了在北卡羅來納大學(xué)主修藥學(xué)，即調(diào)配藥物的科學(xué)。)”可知，作者選擇藥學(xué)專業(yè)受到了她最好的朋友的父親的影響。故選D項。【5題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“IhadmetpeoplewithjobsandPhDsindifferentbranchesofscienceIhadneverconsidered—neuroscience,archaeology,andevenastrophysics.TheirpassionandknowledgeopenedmyeyestoworldsIhadneverimagined.(我遇到了從事不同科學(xué)分支工作的人們和博士，這些是我從未考慮過的領(lǐng)域——神經(jīng)科學(xué)、考古學(xué)，甚至是天體物理學(xué)。他們的熱情和知識打開了我對未曾想象過的世界的眼界。)”可知，進(jìn)入大學(xué)后作者了解到更多的領(lǐng)域，而且從事這些不同學(xué)科的人的激情打開了作者的眼界，由此可知，大學(xué)的經(jīng)歷為作者打開了新思路。故選B項。【6題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)尾段中的“Facingyearsofchallengesandgrowth,Iworkedoddjobsbeforeearningaseconddegreeinphysics,startingaPhDinastronomy,andrealizedthatthenightsky’svastnessinspiredmetoovercomedoubtsandfollowmydreams.(面對多年的挑戰(zhàn)與成長，我在獲得第二個學(xué)位——物理學(xué)學(xué)位之前做過各種臨時工作，隨后開始了天文學(xué)的博士學(xué)位學(xué)習(xí)，并意識到夜空的廣袤激勵我克服了疑慮，追隨自己的夢想。)”以及下文的“Itliberatedmefromallowingearthlyworries,shame,orself-doubttostandinthewayofpursuingnewdreams.(它使我擺脫了讓塵世的憂慮、羞恥或自我懷疑阻礙追求新的夢想。)”可知，作者在獲得第二學(xué)位后轉(zhuǎn)到天文學(xué)博士學(xué)位學(xué)習(xí)，并且廣袤的夜空幫助作者克服疑慮去追隨自己的夢想，由此可知，作者認(rèn)為盡管面臨個人挑戰(zhàn)，追求夢想是非常重要的。故選C項?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“IntheweekssinceIbeganmypharmacydegree,IhadmetpeoplewithjobsandPhDsindifferentbranchesofscienceIhadneverconsidered—neuroscience,archaeology,andevenastrophysics.TheirpassionandknowledgeopenedmyeyestoworldsIhadneverimagined.AsmybirthdayandthePerseidmeteorshowerapproached,Iwasfacedwithadecision:ShouldIsticktomylong-standingplansortakeastepintotheunknown?(在我開始藥學(xué)學(xué)位的幾周里，我遇到了一些從事我從未考慮過的不同科學(xué)領(lǐng)域工作的人們——神經(jīng)科學(xué)、考古學(xué)，甚至是天體物理學(xué)——他們中有擁有博士學(xué)位的專業(yè)人士。他們的熱情和知識為我打開了通往未曾想象過的世界的大門。隨著我的生日和英仙座流星雨的臨近，我面臨著一個抉擇：我是應(yīng)該堅持長期以來的計劃，還是邁出一步進(jìn)入未知的領(lǐng)域？)”可知，作者遇到了從事不同科學(xué)分支工作的人們，這些經(jīng)歷打開了她的眼界，體現(xiàn)了她對新知識和領(lǐng)域的探索欲，作者在生日時觀看一年一度的英仙座流星雨，并開始思考自己對天文學(xué)的熱愛是否可以超越愛好，這顯示了她對宇宙的好奇心；結(jié)合尾段或者的“Facingyearsofchallengesandgrowth,Iworkedoddjobsbeforeearningaseconddegreeinphysics,startingaPhDinastronomy,andrealizedthatthenightsky’svastnessinspiredmetoovercomedoubtsandfollowmydreams.(面對多年的挑戰(zhàn)與成長，我在獲得第二個學(xué)位——物理學(xué)學(xué)位之前做過各種臨時工作，隨后開始了天文學(xué)的博士學(xué)位學(xué)習(xí)，并意識到夜空的廣袤激勵我克服了疑慮，追隨自己的夢想。)”可知，作者意識到夜空的廣袤激勵她克服疑慮，追隨夢想。這表明了她在追逐夢想道路上的堅定不移，綜合以上信息可知，作者擁有一個既好奇又堅定的性格。故選D項。CScientistswiththeBrainGateresearchcenterhavedevelopedabreakthroughbrain-computerinterface(BCI).Thesystemaimstorestorecommunicationforindividualswithspeechdisabilitiescausedbyconditionslikeamyotrophiclateralsclerosis(ALS),whichleadtothegraduallossofmobilityandspeech.Itusesimplantedsensorstointerpretbrainsignalswhenauserattemptstospeak,transformingthemintotextthatisreadaloudbyacomputer.Thestudy,publishedintheNewEnglandJournalofMedicineonAugust14,wasledbyDavidBrandmanandSergeyStavisky,facultymembersatUCDavisHealth.ALS,alsoknownasLouGehrig’sdisease,affectsnervecellscontrollingmusclemovement.BCItechnologycanrestorecommunicationforthoseaffected.Inthisstudy,CaseyHarrell,a45-year-oldmanwithALS,regainedtheabilitytocommunicateeffectivelywithinminutesofusingthesystem.Harrelldescribedtheexperienceaslife-changing,saying,“Mypastconditionwassodemoralizing.Notbeingabletocommunicateseemsasifyouweretrapped.Somethinglikethistechnologywillhelppeoplegetbackintolifeandsociety.”TheBrainGateclinicaltrial,ledbyDr.LeighHochbergfromBrownUniversity,hasmademajorprogressininterpretingbrainsignalstohelppeoplewithparalysis(癱瘓)communicate.InJuly2023,theUCDavisteamimplantedaBCIdeviceintoHarrell’sbrain,focusingontheleftprecentralgyrus,apartofthebrainthatcontrolsspeech.Thesystemtranslatesbrainactivityintophonemes(音素)andwords,enablingreal-timecommunication.Harrell’sBCIgeneratedspeechwithavoicesimilartohisown,usingsoftwaretrainedwithexistingvoicesamplesofhisvoicebeforehedevelopedALS.Thisallowedhimtoconnectwithhislovedonesinadeeplypersonalway.Over32weeksand248hoursofuse,thesystemachievedremarkableresults,with99.6%acéuracyfora50-wordvocabularyin30minutesoftrainingand90.2%accuracyfora125,000-wordvocabularyafter1.4additionaltraininghours.“Thisistransformativetechnology,”Brandmansaid.“Itprovideshopeforpeoplewhowanttospeakbutcan’t.”Dr.JohnNgai,directoroftheNIH’sBRAINInitiative,highlightedthemilestoneasamajorstepinrestoringcommunicationforindividualslockedinbyparalysis.8.WhatdoweknowabouttheBrainGateBCI?A.Itisusedtotreatspeechdisabilities.B.Ittranslatesbrainsignalsintospeech.C.IthelpspeoplewithALSmoveandspeak.D.Itconnectsbrainstomakecomputerssmarter.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“demoralizing”inparagraph2mean?A.Discouraging. B.Demanding. C.Comforting. D.Eye-opening.10.WhywasthespeechcomposedinHarrell’spre-ALSvoice?A.Toenablehiscommunicationinrealtime.B.Tomakehisspeechemotionallymeaningful.C.Toimprovetheaccuracyofspeechtranslation.D.Tohelpinterprethisbrainsignalsmoreeasily.11.WhatisDr.JohnNgai’sattitudetowardstheBrainGateBCI?A.Favourable. B.Unclear. C.Cautious. D.Dismissive.【答案】8.B9.A10.B11.A【語篇導(dǎo)讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了BrainGate研究中心的科學(xué)家們開發(fā)的一種突破性的腦機(jī)接口（BCI）系統(tǒng)，旨在幫助因漸凍癥（ALS）等疾病導(dǎo)致言語障礙的人恢復(fù)交流能力。【8題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Thesystemaimstorestorecommunicationforindividualswithspeechdisabilitiescausedbyconditionslikeamyotrophiclateralsclerosis(ALS),whichleadtothegraduallossofmobilityandspeech.Itusesimplantedsensorstointerpretbrainsignalswhenauserattemptstospeak,transformingthemintotextthatisreadaloudbyacomputer.(該系統(tǒng)旨在為因肌萎縮側(cè)索硬化癥（ALS）等疾病導(dǎo)致行動能力和言語能力逐漸喪失的患者恢復(fù)交流能力。它利用植入的傳感器來解讀用戶嘗試說話時的大腦信號，并將這些信號轉(zhuǎn)換成文本，最后由計算機(jī)朗讀出來)”可知，BrainGateBCI系統(tǒng)的主要功能是將大腦信號轉(zhuǎn)化為語音，幫助那些因疾病失去言語能力的人恢復(fù)交流能力。故選B?！?題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)下文“Notbeingabletocommunicateseemsasifyouweretrapped.(無法交流就像被困住了一樣)”可知，哈雷爾過去因為無法交流而感到非常沮喪和受挫，由此可知，“demoralizing”意思是“使沮喪的、使失去信心的”，與A項：Discouraging意思相近。故選A?！?0題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Harrell’sBCIgeneratedspeechwithavoicesimilartohisown,usingsoftwaretrainedwithexistingvoicesamplesofhisvoicebeforehedevelopedALS.Thisallowedhimtoconnectwithhislovedonesinadeeplypersonalway.(哈雷爾的腦機(jī)接口使用在他患上ALS之前的語音樣本訓(xùn)練的軟件，生成了與他自己的聲音相似的語音。這使他能夠以非常個人化的方式與親人交流)”可知，用哈雷爾患ALS前的聲音來組成語音是為了使他能夠以非常個人化的、富有情感意義的方式與親人交流。故選B?！?1題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Dr.JohnNgai,directoroftheNIH’sBRAINInitiative,highlightedthemilestoneasamajorstepinrestoringcommunicationforindividualslockedinbyparalysis.(美國國立衛(wèi)生研究院（NIH）腦研究計劃（BRAINInitiative）主任約翰?奈博士強(qiáng)調(diào)，這一里程碑是恢復(fù)癱瘓患者交流能力的重要一步)”可知，Dr.JohnNgai認(rèn)為BrainGateBCI是恢復(fù)癱瘓患者交流能力的重要一步，這表明他對BrainGateBCI持支持態(tài)度。故選A。DItmightsurpriseyoutolearnthatdogsareplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleasconservationists.Forcenturies,theyhavebeenknownasman’sbestfriends.Now,theirunique.abilitiesarebeingmadeuseoftohelpprotectsomeoftheworld’smostthreatenedspecies.Quickandloyal,dogspossessmanyqualitiesthatmakethemidealforfieldwork,butit’stheirextraordinarysenseofsmellthatmakestheminvaluableforconservationwork.Witharound220millionolfactoryreceptors(嗅覺受體)comparedtojust5millioninhumans,dogscandetectscents(氣味)andanalyzethemwithastonishingaccuracy,devoting40timesmoreoftheirbraintoscentanalysisthanwedo.Thankstothisincredibleability,somedogsarenowbeingtrainedtosaveat-riskanimalsbysniffing(嗅)outtheirdroppings.AttheUniversityofWashington’sConservationCannesfacility,20speciallytraineddogshavesuccessfullytrackedkillerwhaledroppings,whichonlyfloatbrieflyontheocean’ssurface.Analyzingthesesamplesenablesscientiststomonitorthehealthofkillerwhalepopulations,whichareundersignificantstressfromfoodshortages,pollution,andboattraffic.Beyondtrackinganimaldroppings,conservationdogsarealsotrainedforliveanimaldetection,furthershowcasingtheirabilities.Theycanlocaterarespeciesintheirnaturalhabitats.Additionally,theyarenowusedtotacklethenon-nativespeciesthatthreatenthesurvivalofthelocalwildlife.Dogsalsotakeonotherimportantroles.Forexample,atKenya’sMombasaport,dogssniffoutillegalwildlifeproductssuchasrhinohornsandivory.AcrossAfrica,theyworkonthefrontlinesagainstillegalhunting,servingasapowerfulsecurityforceenhancer.Whiledogsmaynotbetheultimatesolutiontoeveryconservationchallenge.theirincomparableabilitiesmaketheminvaluablecompanionsinthefighttoprotectourplanet’sbiodiversity.12.Whyarethefiguresmentionedinthesecondparagraph?A.Tohighlightthesuperiorityofdogs’senseofsmell.B.Tosuggesttheamazingaccuracyofdogs’analysis.C.Torecognizetheimportanceofconservationwork.D.Toshowdogs’impressiveachievementsinfieldwork.13.Howdodogshelpprotectkillerwhales?A.Bytrackingtheirmovements.B.Bydetectingtheirdroppings.C.Bymonitoringtheirpopulations.D.Byanalyzingthecollectedsamples.14.Whatcanwelearnfromtheexamplegiveninparagraph4?A.WildlifeproductsarepopularinAfricancountries.B.Non-nativespeciesaffectthesurvivaloflocalwildlife.C.Dogsareusedtodetectandpreventillegalwildlifetrade.D.Dogscanaccuratelylocatethenaturalhabitatsofrarespecies.15.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Toappealtopeopletoprotectbiodiversity.B.Toreportvariousenvironmentalchallenges.C.Tointroducedogs’rolesinconservationefforts.D.Toprovetheconventionalclaimofdogs’qualities.【答案】12.A13.B14.C15.C【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹的是狗憑借其卓越的嗅覺能力，在保護(hù)瀕危物種、打擊非法野生動物交易等方面發(fā)揮重要作用，成為生態(tài)保護(hù)中的寶貴助手?！?2題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Witharound220millionolfactoryreceptors(嗅覺受體)comparedtojust5millioninhumans,dogscandetectscents(氣味)andanalyzethemwithastonishingaccuracy,devoting40timesmoreoftheirbraintoscentanalysisthanwedo.(狗擁有大約2.2億個嗅覺受體，而人類僅有500萬個，狗能以驚人的準(zhǔn)確性檢測和分析氣味，它們用于氣味分析的大腦部分比人類多出40倍。)”可知，本段使用了具體的數(shù)字來比較狗和人類的嗅覺受體數(shù)量以及大腦用于分析氣味的比例，以此突出狗的嗅覺能力遠(yuǎn)超人類。故選A項?！?3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“AttheUniversityofWashington’sConservationCaninesfacility,20speciallytraineddogshavesuccessfullytrackedkillerwhaledroppings,whichonlyfloatbrieflyontheocean’ssurface.Analyzingthesesamplesenablesscientiststomonitorthehealthofkillerwhalepopulations,whichareundersignificantstressfromfoodshortages,pollution,andboattraffic.(在華盛頓大學(xué)的保護(hù)犬設(shè)施，20只特別訓(xùn)練的狗已經(jīng)成功追蹤到了虎鯨的糞便，這些糞便僅在海面上短暫漂浮。分析這些樣本使科學(xué)家能夠監(jiān)測虎鯨種群的健康狀況，這些種群正因食物短缺、污染和船只交通而承受著巨大的壓力。)”可知，經(jīng)過特別訓(xùn)練的狗可以追蹤到虎鯨的糞便，進(jìn)而科學(xué)家分析這些糞便樣本監(jiān)測虎鯨種群的健康狀況，由此可知，通過嗅探虎鯨的糞便幫助保護(hù)虎鯨。故選B項?！?4題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Dogsalsotakeonotherimportantroles.Forexample,atKenya’sMombasaport,dogssniffoutillegalwildlifeproductssuchasrhinohornsandivory.AcrossAfrica,theyworkonthefrontlinesagainstillegalhunting,servingasapowerfulsecurityforceenhancer.(狗還承擔(dān)著其他重要角色。例如，在肯尼亞的蒙巴薩港，狗嗅探出非法的野生動物產(chǎn)品，如犀牛角和象牙。在整個非洲，它們在打擊非法狩獵的第一線工作，充當(dāng)強(qiáng)大的安保力量增強(qiáng)者。)”可知，狗還承擔(dān)其他重要的角色，進(jìn)而在下文中列舉了狗嗅探出非法的野生動物產(chǎn)品，由此可知，本段舉例說明狗在打擊非法野生動物交易方面的作用。故選C項。【15題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)首段中的“Itmightsurpriseyoutolearnthatdogsareplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleasconservationists.(你可能會驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)，狗作為保護(hù)者正發(fā)揮著越來越重要的作用。)”以及尾段“Whiledogsmaynotbetheultimatesolutiontoeveryconservationchallenge.theirincomparableabilitiesmaketheminvaluablecompanionsinthefighttoprotectourplanet’sbiodiversity.(雖然狗可能不是解決每個保護(hù)挑戰(zhàn)的最終方案，但它們無與倫比的能力使它們成為保護(hù)地球生物多樣性斗爭中不可或缺的伙伴。)”以及作者描述的狗在保護(hù)工作中扮演的不同角色，包括追蹤動物排泄物、現(xiàn)場活體探測、定位稀有物種、應(yīng)對威脅本地野生動物生存的非本土物種、以及打擊非法狩獵等，由此可知，文章旨在向讀者介紹狗在保護(hù)生物多樣性方面所發(fā)揮的重要作用。故選C項。第二節(jié)（共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Whenothersoutperformus,shouldwefeelthreatenedorinspired?Shouldwefearorrespectthosewhoaremorecapable,moreskilledormoresuccessfulthanus?___16___AstudyconductedbyeducationalpsychologistsatBrownUniversityexploredhowkindergartnersintheU.S.andChinatellstoriesaboutpeerswhoperformbetterthanothers.___17___Chinesechildrenoftenexpressedrespectforhighachieversandadesiretoimitatetheirsuccess.Incontrast,U.S.children’sstoriestypicallyfocusedonnegativereactions,includingenvyandbeingleftout.Thefindingsreflecttheculturalnarratives(敘述)surroundingachievementineachsociety.InAmericanculture,the“self”isdefinedbyqualities,andabilities,whicharelargelyfixed.Thus,whiletheachievementofothersreflectstheirhighability,itbecomesamirrortorevealone’sownlackofability.___18___Asaresult,Chinesechildrentendtoviewothers’achievementsnotassignsofnaturalsuperiority,butasopportunitiesforlearningandself-improvement.___19___InChina,students’overallperformancemaybepubliclyrecognizedtoencouragesuccessandmotivatefurtherimprovement.Teacherseveninviteoutstandinggraduatestosharetheirexperiencesandlessonswithcurrentstudentstopromotelearning.IntheU.S.,suchphenomenaarelesscommonastheycanbeseenasthreatstoself-esteem.Ultimately,ourperceptionsandreactionstoothers’successareprofoundlyshapedbyculturalnarrativessurroundingachievement.___20___Thesenarratives,inotherwords,determinewhetherwefeelthreatenedorinspired,fearfulorrespectful,annoyedoreagertocopyothers.A.Itcanbeasourceofmotivation.B.Theseculturaldifferencesextendtoeducationalpractices.C.Educationfacilitatespersonalgrowthandsocialprogress.D.Theyinfluenceourmotivations,relationshipsandactions.E.Bothgroupstolddetailedstoriesbutshowedcleardifferencesincontent.F.Differentresponsescanleadtoconstructiveordestructivereactionsandactions.G.However,Chineseculturestressesabilitiesandqualitiescanimprovethroughefforts.【答案】16.F17.E18.G19.B20.D【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹的是中美兩國兒童面對同伴優(yōu)異表現(xiàn)時的不同反應(yīng)及背后的文化差異，探討成就敘事如何影響人們的動機(jī)與行為?！?6題詳析】根據(jù)上文的“Whenothersoutperformus,shouldwefeelthreatenedorinspired?Shouldwefearorrespectthosewhoaremorecapable,moreskilledormoresuccessfulthanus?(當(dāng)別人比我們表現(xiàn)得更好時，我們應(yīng)該感到受到威脅還是得到激勵？我們應(yīng)該害怕還是尊敬那些比我們更有能力、更熟練或更成功的人？)”可知，此處就別人比我們表現(xiàn)更好時，我們會做出怎樣的回應(yīng)的問題，結(jié)合下文講述的中美兩國對該問題的不同回應(yīng)可知，此空需要一個能夠引出下文的內(nèi)容，F(xiàn)選項“Differentresponsescanleadtoconstructiveordestructivereactionsandactions.(不同的反應(yīng)可以導(dǎo)致建設(shè)性或破壞性的回應(yīng)和行為。)”回應(yīng)了上文的問題，同時引出下文講述的內(nèi)容，符合語境。故選F項?！?7題詳析】根據(jù)上文的“AstudyconductedbyeducationalpsychologistsatBrownUniversityexploredhowkindergartnersintheU.S.andChinatellstoriesaboutpeerswhoperformbetterthanothers.(一項由布朗大學(xué)的教育心理學(xué)家進(jìn)行的研究探討了美國和中國的幼兒園兒童如何講述關(guān)于比其他同齡人表現(xiàn)更好的同伴的故事。)”可知，此處提到了布朗大學(xué)的一項研究，結(jié)合下文的“Chinesechildrenoftenexpressedrespectforhighachieversandadesiretoimitatetheirsuccess.Incontrast,U.S.children’sstoriestypicallyfocusedonnegativereactions,includingenvyandbeingleftout.(中國兒童經(jīng)常表達(dá)對高成就者的尊敬以及模仿他們成功的愿望。相比之下，美國兒童的故事通常集中在負(fù)面反應(yīng)上，包括嫉妒和被排擠的感覺。)”可知，研究的結(jié)果顯示中美兩國的兒童對此產(chǎn)生了明顯的不同，由此可知，此處需要一個具體的描述來引出研究的結(jié)果，E選項“Bothgroupstolddetailedstoriesbutshowedcleardifferencesincontent.(兩組兒童都講述了詳細(xì)的故事，但在內(nèi)容上顯示出了明顯的差異。)”承接上文提到的研究，且闡述了兩國兒童存在的差異性，進(jìn)而引出下文詳細(xì)解釋兩國之間存在的明顯差異，符合語境。故選E項?！?8題詳析】根據(jù)上文的“InAmericanculture,the“self”isdefinedbyqualities,andabilities,whicharelargelyfixed.Thus,whiletheachievementofothersreflectstheirhighability,itbecomesamirrortorevealone’sownlackofability.(在美國文化中，“自我”是由那些大多固定不變的品質(zhì)和能力所定義的。因此，雖然他人的成就反映了他們高水平的能力，但這也成為了一面鏡子，映照出自己能力的不足。)”可知，此處闡述了美國文化對“自我”的定義以及因此帶來的影響，結(jié)合下文的“Asaresult,Chinesechildrentendtoviewothers’achievementsnotassignsofnaturalsuperiority,butasopportunitiesforlearningandself-improvement.(因此，中國兒童傾向于將他人的成就視為學(xué)習(xí)和自我提升的機(jī)會，而不是自然優(yōu)越性的標(biāo)志。)”可知，此處闡述了中國文化對兒童產(chǎn)生的影響，由此可知，此空講述的與中國文化標(biāo)準(zhǔn)相關(guān)，G選項“However,Chineseculturestressesabilitiesandqualitiescanimprovethroughefforts.(然而，中國文化強(qiáng)調(diào)能力與品質(zhì)是可以通過努力得到提升的。)”講述的內(nèi)容與上文的內(nèi)容為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，且與空后的內(nèi)容為因果關(guān)系，符合邏輯。故選G項?！?9題詳析】分析語篇可知，此處應(yīng)為本段的主題句，結(jié)合下文“InChina,students’overallperformancemaybepubliclyrecognizedtoencouragesuccessandmotivatefurtherimprovement.Teacherseveninviteoutstandinggraduatestosharetheirexperiencesandlessonswithcurrentstudentstopromotelearning.IntheU.S.,suchphenomenaarelesscommonastheycanbeseenasthreatstoself-esteem.(在中國，學(xué)生的整體表現(xiàn)可能會被公開認(rèn)可，以鼓勵成功并激勵進(jìn)一步的改進(jìn)。教師甚至?xí)埥艹龅漠厴I(yè)生與當(dāng)前的學(xué)生分享他們的經(jīng)驗和教訓(xùn)，以促進(jìn)學(xué)習(xí)。而在美國，這樣的現(xiàn)象較為少見，因為它們可能被視為對自尊心的威脅。)”可知，在中國表現(xiàn)好的孩子會被公開認(rèn)可，教師會讓其分享他們的經(jīng)驗和教訓(xùn)，而在美國，這被視為對自尊心的威脅，由此可知，此處講述的是這種文化差異在教育領(lǐng)域的不同，B選項“Theseculturaldifferencesextendtoeducationalpractices.(這些文化差異延伸到了教育實踐。)”講述的內(nèi)容與教育相關(guān)，概括了本段的主題，為接下來的具體例子提供了合理的過渡。故選B項。【20題詳析】根據(jù)下文的“Thesenarratives,inotherwords,determinewhetherwefeelthreatenedorinspired,fearfulorrespectful,annoyedoreagertocopyothers.(換句話說，這些敘述決定了我們是感到受到威脅還是得到激勵，是感到恐懼還是尊敬，是感到惱怒還是渴望模仿他人。)”可知，此處是對該空內(nèi)容換一種說法的表述，由此可推斷，此空應(yīng)是對這些敘述對我們產(chǎn)生的影響的另外一種表述方式，D選項“Theyinfluenceourmotivations,relationshipsandactions.(它們影響著我們的動機(jī)、人際關(guān)系和行為。)”中的they指代的是上文的culturalnarrativessurroundingachievement，且講述的內(nèi)容與下文的內(nèi)容吻合，符合語境。故選D項。第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié),滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分）閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Four-year-oldAlan,whosufferedfromaseriousdisease,hadonedream—tobeagarbagetruckdriver.Hewasontheweeklylookoutfortrucks,andheeven___21___himselfasagarbagemanatthekindergartencostumeshow.OnJuly10,Alanwentonestepfurtherwhenacharityandhislocalwastemanagementcrewmadehimanhonorary___22___forthreedays.Hehadtheopportunitytoparticipateinthe___23___ofthecitybeauticians.Atdawn,Alanstartedtheroadtripwiththecrewmembers.“Alanwasalittle___24___whenhefirststarted,forearlymorningsweretoughforhim.”saidoneoftheWasteManagementdrivers.___25___,thatsmallrealitycheckwasnotenoughtoreduceAlan’s___26___.Aftergettingusedtohisearlyhours,hegottoclockinwithaspecialtimecardand___27___learnwhatittakestobeagarbageman.Alangotto___28___everypartofbeingagarbagetruckman.Hisdayendedwithaspecial___29___ashegottoridealongsideanotherdriver.Acrowdofcommunitymembersgatheredto____30____Alanforwhathehaddone.Itwasatruly____31____dayforhim.Theamazingexperiencewasallthankstothelocalcharityorganization,andAlanwasn’ttheonlypersonwhogotto____32____theday.“Wearesohappythesupportsfromallthekind-heartedindividualsalways____33____withhim,”Alan’smomcommented.“Wearesohappyhefinally____34____hisdream.Thekindnessofothershastrulymadea____35____inAlan’slife,”sheaddedwithagratefulsmile.21.A.classified B.dressed C.recognized D.treated22.A.captain B.pilot C.citizen D.collector23.A.routine B.strategy C.ceremony D.program24.A.confident B.proud C.resistant D.tired25.A.Besides B.However C.Therefore D.Otherwise26.A.pressure B.enthusiasm C.burden D.responsibility27.A.regularly B.immediately C.gradually D.patiently28.A.experience B.control C.adjust D.promote29.A.send-off B.check-in C.warm-up D.show-off30.A.blame B.forgive C.thank D.punish31.A.relaxing B.incredible C.challenging D.regretful32.A.miss B.transform C.survive D.enjoy33.A.stick B.agree C.compete D.negotiate34.A.setaside B.workedout C.livedout D.wentafter35A.deal B.point C.choice D.difference【答案】21.B22.D23.A24.D25.B26.B27.C28.A29.A30.C31.B32.D33.A34.C35.D【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述的是四歲患病男孩Alan夢想成為垃圾車司機(jī)，社區(qū)和慈善組織如何幫助他實現(xiàn)夢想，帶來溫暖與希望的故事?！?1題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他甚至在幼兒園的服裝秀上裝扮成一名垃圾車司機(jī)。A.classified分類；B.dr