中國文化、社會、經(jīng)濟、政治（專項詞匯）英語

中國文化、社會、經(jīng)濟、政治（專項詞匯）重要文化遺產(chǎn)majorculturalheritage優(yōu)秀民間藝術(shù)outstandingfolkart獨特的藝術(shù)價值uniqueartisticvalues誠實守信honesty愛國主義精神patriotism國寶nationaltreasure文物culturalrelics華夏祖先theChineseancestors文人scholar;theintellectual雅士refinedscholar才子佳人giftedscholarsandbeautifulladies高雅藝術(shù)refined/highart中外學(xué)者Chineseandoverseasscholars古為今用tomakethepastservethepresent洋為中用tomaketheforeignserveChina無愧于時代的作品worksworthyofthetimes文明搖籃cradleofcivilization古文明ancientcivilization博大精深tobeextensiveandprofound享有……的美譽toenjoyagood/highreputationfor被譽為tobehonored/crownedas占據(jù)重要地位toplayasignificantrole;tohave/occupyasignificantplace肩負……的責任toshouldertheresponsibilityof…與……密不可分tobecloselyassociatedwith…推廣中國文化topromoteChineseculture促進世界和平topromoteworldpeace增進友誼toenhancefriendship文化娛樂活動culturalandamusementactivities文化產(chǎn)業(yè)cultureindustry文化底蘊culturaldeposit文化事業(yè)culturalundertaking文化交流culturalexchange文化沖擊cultureshock文化差異culturaldifference民族特性和價值觀nationalidentityandvalue在各地差異很大tovarywidelyfromregion/placetoregion/place促進文化的傳播topromotethespreadofculture促進交流topromoteexchanges蓬勃發(fā)展toflourish豐富多彩toberichandcolorful風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣custom禁忌taboo中華民族theChinesenation傳統(tǒng)美德traditionalvirtues尊敬老人torespecttheelderly贍養(yǎng)父母tosupport/takecareofparents繼承toinherit后人latergeneration強身健體toimprovethephysicalhealth;tostrengthenthebody益壽延年toprolonglife保佑平安tokeepsb.safe象征意義symbolicmeaning象征好運和祝福tosymbolizegoodluckandblessings審美觀/品味tasteforbeauty;aesthetictaste傳統(tǒng)文化傳統(tǒng)工藝品traditionalhandicraft形狀不一differentshapes材質(zhì)各異variousmaterials質(zhì)地堅硬hardtexture造型生動vividfigure色彩豐富richcolors風(fēng)格獨特characteristic/uniquestyle中醫(yī)traditionalChinesemedicine中草藥herbalmedicine望、聞、問、切observing,listening,inquiring,pulsetaking癥狀symptom針灸acupuncture推拿medicalmassage重大發(fā)明asignificantinvention中國古代四大發(fā)明theFourGreatInventionsofancientChina火藥gunpowder印刷術(shù)printing造紙術(shù)paper-making指南針compass文房四寶theFourTreasuresoftheStudy筆、墨、紙、硯inkbrush,inkstick,Xuanpaper,inkstone漢字Chinesecharacter筆劃stroke四書五經(jīng)theFourBooksandtheFiveClassics唐詩宋詞poetryintheTangandSongDynasties詩人poet四大名著theFourGreatClassicalNovels八股文theeight-partessay普通話四聲調(diào)thefourtonesofMandarinChinese琴棋書畫lute-playing,chess,calligraphyandpainting書法calligraphy中國畫traditionalChinesepainting水墨畫Chinesebrushpainting;inkwashpainting民俗folkcustom文化遺產(chǎn)culturalheritage非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)intangibleculturalheritage吉祥/幸運數(shù)字luckynumber偶數(shù)/雙數(shù)evennumber奇數(shù)/單數(shù)oddnumber吉祥物mascot龍dragon鳳phoenix龜tortoise吉祥圖案luckypattern姓氏文化surnameculture婚嫁習(xí)俗marriagecustom傳統(tǒng)婚禮traditionalwedding葬禮習(xí)俗funeralcustom迷信/迷信的superstition/superstitious武術(shù)martialarts中國功夫ChineseKungFu太極TaiChi中國象棋Chinesechess中國圍棋Go麻將mahjong宗教religion伊斯蘭教Islam清真寺mosque寺廟temple和尚/僧人monk民間故事folktale寓言fable傳說legend凡間humanworld思想學(xué)派schoolofthought思想觀念ideology哲學(xué)家philosopher思想家thinker創(chuàng)始人founder代表人物representative儒家思想Confucianism儒家文化Confucianculture道教Taoism佛教Buddhism孔子Confucius孟子Mencius老子LaoTzu;LaoZi莊子ChuangTzu墨子MoTzu孫子SunTzu《論語》TheAnalectsofConfucius《道德經(jīng)》TaoTeChing《易經(jīng)》TheBookofChanges《孫子兵法》TheArtofWar傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日春節(jié)theSpringFestival/ChineseNewYear元宵節(jié)theLanternFestival清明節(jié)theTomb-sweepingDay/QingMingFestival端午節(jié)theDragonBoatFestival中秋節(jié)theMid-autumnDay/Festival重陽節(jié)theDoubleNinthDay七夕節(jié)theDoubleSeventhDay/QiXiFestival除夕ChineseNewYear’sEve公歷/陽歷solarcalendar農(nóng)歷/陰歷lunarcalendar慶祝（節(jié)日）celebrate;observe起源origin起源于tooriginatein/from習(xí)俗tradition;convention;custom年夜飯annualreuniondinner拜年topayaNewYearcall探親訪友to(paya)visit(to)relativesandfriends親朋好友relativesandfriends大掃除tothoroughlycleanthehouse驅(qū)厄運tosweepawayillfortune;togetridofbadluck去除災(zāi)難towardoffevils壓歲錢luckmoney發(fā)紅包togivemoneyinredenvelopes;tohandoutredenvelopes歡度……tocelebrate…;thecelebrationof…春聯(lián)springcouplets爆竹firecrackers;fireworks年畫NewYearpictures廟會templefair民間藝人folkartist祭神god-worshiping舞龍dragondance燈籠/花燈(festival)lantern燈謎lanternriddle有益的智力活動beneficialintellectualactivity中國結(jié)Chineseknot賽龍舟dragonboatrace賞月toenjoythefullmoon登高hillclimbing放風(fēng)箏toflyakite蕩秋千toplay/rideonaswing民間藝術(shù)中國傳統(tǒng)戲曲Chinesetraditionaloperas京劇PekingOpera京劇臉譜thefacialmakeupofBeijingOpera/PekingOperaMask正面角色positiverole說、學(xué)、逗、唱speaking,imitating;teasingandsinging傳統(tǒng)樂器traditionalinstrument木偶戲puppetshow皮影戲shadowplay雜技acrobatics相聲crosstalk說書story-telling民間工藝folkcraft手藝craftsmanship工匠/手工藝人craftsman剪紙Chinesepapercutting刺繡embroidery絲綢silk紡織品textile瓷器porcelain;chinaware陶器pottery;earthenware青銅器bronzeware中國結(jié)Chineseknot泥塑clayfiguremodeling中國玉器Chinesejade雕刻carving中餐及烹飪方法中國菜/中餐Chinesecuisine;Chinesefood八大菜系EightCuisines粵菜Cantoncuisine國宴statebanquet色香味outlook,flavorandtaste香脆可口crispyandtasty營養(yǎng)豐富nutritious烹飪技巧cookingtechnique煎tofry炒tostir-fry炸todeep-fry燴/燜/燉tostew蒸tosteam煮toboil烘焙tobake烤toroast切條tocuttostrips切丁todice切碎tomince磨碎togrind飲食習(xí)慣dietaryhabit特色食品specialfood;specialty元宵sweetstickyricedumplings年糕ricecake油條deep-frieddoughsticks豆?jié){soybeanmilk饅頭steamedbun包子steamedstuffedbun拉面hand-stretchednoodles豆腐tofu;beancurd麻花frieddoughtwist皮蛋100-yearegg;centuryegg蛋炒飯friedricewithegg火鍋hotpot原材ingredient調(diào)料seasoning;dressing豬/牛肉丸pork/beefball鴨肉duck蘑菇mushroom北京烤鴨BeijingRoastDuck素菜館vegetarianrestaurant白酒Chineseliquor中國歷史四大文明古國之一oneofthefourancientcivilizations中華文明Chinesecivilization文明的搖籃cradleofcivilization文明古國ancientcivilization人類文明史thehistoryofhumancivilization遠古時代ancienttimes原始社會primitivesociety封建社會feudalsociety源遠流長/歷史悠久tohavealonghistory;withalonghistory隨著時間的推移astimegoesby朝代dynasty春秋戰(zhàn)國時期theSpringandAutumnandWarringStatesPeriod古都ancientcapital皇帝/君主emperor;monarch勤政愛民tobediligentandloveone’speople退位togiveupthethrone丞相/宰相primeminister學(xué)者scholar政治家statesman軍事家militarystrategist鴉片戰(zhàn)爭theOpiumWar南昌起義NanchangUprising辛亥革命the1911Revolution五四運動theMay4thMovementof1919抗日戰(zhàn)爭theAnti-JapaneseWar西安事變Xi’anIncident南京大屠殺NanjingMassacre長征theLongMarch歷史遺留問題aquestionleftoverfromhistory/thepast在戰(zhàn)爭中損毀toberuinedinwars抵抗侵略toresisttheinvasion在……世紀初atthebeginningof…century迄今為止uptillnow追溯到todatebackto;tobetracedbackto…來源于toderive/stemfrom;tooriginatefrom/in發(fā)祥地birthplace興起于……，興盛于……toemergein…andprosperin…社會地位socialstatus建立（朝代）tobuild;tofound;toestablish繁榮toprosper/flourish滅亡tocollapse;tocometoanend以……命名tobenamedafter…歷史人物historicfigure閏年leapyear商業(yè)經(jīng)濟集體經(jīng)濟collectiveeconomy計劃經(jīng)濟plannedeconomy自由經(jīng)濟liberaleconomy商品經(jīng)濟commodityeconomy經(jīng)濟體制改革reformoftheeconomicsystem經(jīng)濟特區(qū)specialeconomiczone人均國民收入nationalincomepercapita第一產(chǎn)業(yè)/農(nóng)業(yè)primaryindustry;agriculture第二產(chǎn)業(yè)/工業(yè)secondaryindustry;manufacturing第三產(chǎn)業(yè)/服務(wù)業(yè)tertiaryindustry;service農(nóng)業(yè)farming林業(yè)forestry畜牧業(yè)animalhusbandry副業(yè)sidelineproduction漁業(yè)fishing經(jīng)濟增長率economicgrowthrate財政政策fiscalpolicy經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整adjustmentofeconomicstructure優(yōu)化經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)tooptimizetheeconomicstructure改善經(jīng)濟環(huán)境toimproveeconomicenvironment科學(xué)技術(shù)是第一生產(chǎn)力scienceandtechnologyaretheprimaryproductiveforces國有資產(chǎn)state-ownedproperty開放國內(nèi)市場toopendomesticmarket縮小貧富差距tonarrowthegapbetweentherichandpoor消除貧困toeliminatepoverty共同富裕commonprosperity經(jīng)濟形勢economicsituation經(jīng)濟波動economicfluctuation經(jīng)濟衰退economicdepression;recession經(jīng)濟穩(wěn)定economicstability經(jīng)濟政策economicpolicy經(jīng)濟復(fù)原economicrecovery經(jīng)濟奇跡economicmiracle經(jīng)濟起飛economictake-off全球經(jīng)濟globaleconomy經(jīng)濟學(xué)家economist企業(yè)家entrepreneur經(jīng)濟全球化economicglobalization市場經(jīng)濟marketeconomy市場調(diào)節(jié)markerregulation市場多元化marketdiversification推動經(jīng)貿(mào)合作toboosteconomicandtradecooperation商界businesscommunities互惠互利mutualbenefit總需求aggregate/totaldemand總供給aggregatesupply擴大內(nèi)需toexpanddomesticdemand團購groupbuying財政預(yù)算financialbudget耐用消費品durableconsumergoods年末促銷year-endpromotion壟斷monopoly壟斷行業(yè)monopolyindustry市場占有率marketshare生產(chǎn)力/生產(chǎn)率productivity經(jīng)濟增長放緩economicslowdown國有企業(yè)state-ownedenterprise(SOE)私營企業(yè)privatebusiness合資企業(yè)jointventure民營企業(yè)privately-runbusiness中小企業(yè)smallandmedium-sizedenterprise小微企業(yè)smallandmicro-sizedfirm民間資本privatecapital民間投資privateinvestment泡沫經(jīng)濟bubbleeconomy經(jīng)濟過熱overheatingofeconomy實體經(jīng)濟therealeconomy外匯儲備充足sufficientforeignexchangereserve國內(nèi)/國際貿(mào)易domestic/internationaltrade對外貿(mào)易foreigntrade貿(mào)易條件termsoftrade不公平競爭unfaircompetition海關(guān)customs關(guān)稅customsduty水貨/走私貨smuggledgoods產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量productquality高度評價tospeakhighlyof物美價廉competitivepriceandsuperiorquality銷量/銷售額sales存貨/庫存量stocks金融組織fiinancialinstitution商業(yè)信譽commercialreputation管理機制managementmechanism改善服務(wù)toimproveservices延長保修期toextendmaintenance制造商/制造廠manufacturer原材料rawmaterial樣品sample大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)massproduction年產(chǎn)量annualoutput勞動力密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)labour-intensiveindustry知識密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)knowledge-intensiveindustry工作歧視discriminationinworkplace高消耗highconsumption高投入highinvestment沿襲……模式tocontinuewiththemodelof…住房抵押貸款residentialmortgageloan分期付款topaybyinstallments信貸緊縮creditsqueeze利率interestrate找工作tohuntforajob;job-hunting招聘廣告thewantads職位position;post;jobvacancy/opening求職信applicationletter個人簡歷resume;CV填寫申請表tofillin/outapplicationform接受職位toaccept/takethepost接任職位totakeovertheposition工作面試jobinterview職業(yè)前景job/careerprospects就業(yè)機會jobopportunity工資待遇payoffer津貼allowance帶薪假paidvacation傷殘保險disabilityinsurance失業(yè)保險unemploymentinsurance培訓(xùn)咨詢trainingconsultancy專業(yè)技能professionalexpertise腦力勞動mentalwork體力勞動labour/physicalwork手工勞動manuallabour/work工作時間workingtime加班toworkovertime;overtime夜班nightshift零工oddjob證券securities資產(chǎn)assets利潤profit供需平衡balancebetweensupplyanddemand供求關(guān)系supplyanddemandrelation供過于求supplyexceedsdemand通貨緊縮deflation通貨膨脹inflation基本建設(shè)/基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施infrastructure生活標準/生活水平livingstandard購買力purchasingpower;buyingpower短缺shortage不發(fā)達的underdeveloped發(fā)展中的developing持續(xù)、快速和健康的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展sustained,rapidandsoundeconomicdevelopment四大國有銀行thefourmajorstate-ownedbanks支票cheque/check轉(zhuǎn)賬/過戶totransfer存錢todepositmoney取錢towithdra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rycourse選修課elective/optionalcourse基礎(chǔ)課basiccourse專業(yè)課specializedcourse專業(yè)知識specializedknowledge開設(shè)課程toofferacourse課程表schoolschedule教學(xué)大綱teachingprogram;syllabus學(xué)分制creditsystem補考make-upexamination學(xué)年schoolyear師資力量teachingfaculty推進素質(zhì)教育topushaheadwitheducationforall-arounddevelopment基本實現(xiàn)教育現(xiàn)代化tobasicallymodernizeeducation招生就業(yè)指導(dǎo)enrollmentandvocationguidance競爭激烈fiercecompetition評價體系evaluationsystem選拔官員/人才toselectofficials/talents出國留學(xué)tostudyabroad海外留學(xué)生overseasstudent;internationalstudent文盲illiteracy;illiterate繼續(xù)教育continuing/furthereducation終身學(xué)習(xí)life-longlearning自學(xué)考試self-studyexamination夜間大學(xué)eveninguniversity電視大學(xué)openuniversity成人夜校nightschoolforadults在職進修班on-jobtrainingcourses遠程學(xué)習(xí)distancelearning充電toupdateone’sknowledge教育界educationcircle教育投入inputineducation教育公平fairness/equalityineducation教育資源educationresource教師資源teacherresource分配不均衡unevenlydistribute/allocate教學(xué)設(shè)施teachingfacility縮小城鄉(xiāng)教育差距tobridge/narrowtheeducationalgapbetweenruralandurbanareas輟學(xué)率dropoutrate科技科技發(fā)展scientificandtechnologicaladvancement/development新興學(xué)科emergingdiscipline生物技術(shù)bio-technology克隆cloning基因工程geneticengineering空間實驗室spacelaboratory航天飛機shuttle衛(wèi)星satellite探測器detector軟件software網(wǎng)絡(luò)世界cyberworld網(wǎng)絡(luò)文化cyberculture網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪cybercrime信息革命informationrevolution電子貨幣e-currency人工智能artificialintelligence(AI)虛擬銀行virtualbank電子商務(wù)e-business;e-commerce網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版e-publishing個人信息泄露leakageofpersonalinformation搜索引擎searchengine網(wǎng)頁瀏覽webbrowsing即時消息instantmessage視頻電話videophone文件傳輸documenttransmission在線社區(qū)onlinecommunity社交模式socialnetworking網(wǎng)上沖浪tosurfontheInternet信息時代informationage信息爆炸informationexplosion高科技產(chǎn)品high-techproduct電子設(shè)備electronicdevice智能手機smartphone;intelligenthandset創(chuàng)新innovation研發(fā)researchanddevelopment核心技術(shù)coretechnology電訊telecommunication硬件hardware網(wǎng)民netizen活躍用戶activeuser對……上癮tobe/getaddictedto…計算機病毒computervirus虛擬世界virtualworld網(wǎng)上購物onlineshopping消費理念consumptionconcept大眾媒體massmedia出版商publisher電子版electronicversion娛樂資訊entertainmentinformation三維電影three-dimensionalmovie在線娛樂onlineentertainment當?shù)匦侣刲ocalnews簡訊briefnews獲取信息toobtaininformation收視率audiencerating垃圾信息spammessage騷擾電話harassingcall社會生活基本國策abasicnational/statepolicy制定政策tomakeapolicy（政策）生效/開始實施tocomeintoforce/effect晚婚晚育latemarriageandlatechildbirth搞好優(yōu)生優(yōu)育topromotegoodprenatalandpostnatalcare穩(wěn)定低生育水平tostabilizethelowbirthrate推行可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略topursuethestrategyofsustainabledevelopment簡化審批程序tosimplifyapprovalprocedures行政管理administrativemanagement違反規(guī)定toviolatearule/regulation少數(shù)名族ethnicminority過快增長excessivegrowth急劇下降tobeonthesharpdecline人口稠密/稀少densely/sparselypopulated人口基數(shù)/密度/分布populationbase/density/distribution人口出生率birthrate人口增長的高峰期babyboom人口素質(zhì)qualityofthepopulation人口老齡化agingofpopulation人口流動populationmobility老齡化社會agingsociety醫(yī)療服務(wù)medicalservice滿足基本需求tosatisfybasicneeds社會效益socialbenefit健康管理healthmanagement應(yīng)運而生toappearaccordingly;toemergeasrequired/needed普通市民ordinaryresident物價上漲risingprice家政服務(wù)業(yè)homeservicesindustry建筑工地constructionsite農(nóng)產(chǎn)品agriculturalproduct愛情告白toexpress