小升初英語考點(diǎn)解讀知識(shí)講解典例探究分層訓(xùn)練-第九講介詞（教師版）

第九講：介詞【考點(diǎn)解讀】介詞是一種用來表示詞與詞、詞與句之間的關(guān)系的虛詞，在句子中不能單獨(dú)作成分。介詞后面一般有名詞代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類，短語或從句作它的賓語。介詞和它的賓語構(gòu)成介詞詞組，在句中作狀語、表語、補(bǔ)語或介詞賓語。介詞可以分為時(shí)間介詞、地點(diǎn)介詞、方式介詞、原因介詞和其他介詞。介詞是英語中最活躍的詞類之一，特別是一些常用介詞的搭配力特別強(qiáng)，可以用來表示各種不同的意思?！局R(shí)講解】Mrs.Smith’skitchenMrs.Smith’skitchenissmall.Thereisarefrigeratorinthekitchen.Therefrigeratoriswhite.Itisontheright.Thereisanelectriccookerinthekitchen.Thecookerisblue.Itisontheleft.Thereisatableinthemiddleoftheroom.Thereisabottleonthetable.Thebottleisempty.Thereisacuponthetable,too.Thecupisclean.知識(shí)點(diǎn)1——時(shí)間介詞at,on,in的用法1.at（1）表示具體時(shí)刻，如：atthreeo’clock在三點(diǎn)鐘 athalfpasteight在八點(diǎn)半（2）固定搭配：atnoon atnight atdawn atduskatthemoment atfirst atthebeginning atpresentatlast atsunrise atsunset attheageofatthesametime atdinnertime attheendof atChristmas2.on（1）表示具體某一天（包括節(jié)假日），如：onMarch8th,2016在2016年3月8日onChildren’sDay在兒童節(jié)(attheSpringFestival)onSunday在星期天（2）表示具體某一天的早、中、晚，如：onSaturdaymorning在周六早上onarainyevening在一個(gè)下雨的傍晚onahotafternoon在一個(gè)炎熱的下午3.in（1）表示月份，季節(jié)，年，年代，世紀(jì)，如：inJuly在七月 insummer在夏天 in2016在2016年inthe1990s在20世紀(jì)90年代 inthe21stcentury在21世紀(jì) inhistwenties在他20多歲（2）后面跟一段時(shí)間，表示“…..之后”，指將來的時(shí)間，如：inaweek一周之后 inafewmonths幾個(gè)月之后I’llbebackinafewminutes.我?guī)追昼姾蠡貋?。?）固定搭配inthemorning inEnglish inaminuteinahurry intime intheend 注意：this,that,last,next,every,one,yesterday,today,tomorrow,tonight,all,most等詞之前一般不加介詞。如：thismorning今天早晨 （on）thatday在那天（thatday更常用些）lastweek上周 nextyear明年nextmonth下個(gè)月 everyday每天onemorning一天早晨 yesterdayafternoon昨天下午tomorrowmorning明天早晨 allday/morning/night整天/整個(gè)早晨/整晚知識(shí)點(diǎn)2——地點(diǎn)、方位介詞at,in,on,above,below的用法1.at表示在某個(gè)具體地點(diǎn)，即“小地方”（比城市?。?，如：athome atschool atthebusstationatthecorner atthetopof attheschoolgateatthecrossroads atthefootof attheairport2.in“在…之中”，表示在某范圍之內(nèi)，或某個(gè)地方（城市，國家等大地方），如：Therearemanybooksinmyschoolbag.MygrandparentsareinBeijingnow.固定搭配：inthecar inthemiddleof inthelibrary inthehospital inShanghai inChina intheworld intheeast inthesky注意：在某個(gè)地理范圍內(nèi)的“東、南、西、北”方，也用in,如：ShanghaiisintheeastofChina.3.on“在…之上”，表示某物體上面并與之接觸，如：Mybookisonthetable.固定搭配：onthedesk onthewall ontheplaygroundontheroad ontheright/left onabus/trainontheshelf onone’swayto onbothsidesoftheriver注意：地理上與某個(gè)地方接壤的“東、南、西、北”方，用on,如：ShanghaiisonthesouthofJiangsu.補(bǔ)充：地理上與某個(gè)地方不接壤的“東、南、西、北”方，用to,如：JapanistotheeastofChina.4.above意為“高出…”，“超過…”，指在……上方，不一定在正上方（正上方用over），與below相對(duì)，如：Theplaneisflyingabovetheclouds.5.below意為“在……之下，低于”，不一定在正下方（正下方用under），如：Thefishwereswimmingbelowthesurfaceofthewater.圖示總結(jié)overaboveoverabove belowbelowunderunder三.表運(yùn)動(dòng)方向和位置的介詞：1.across/through/over/by經(jīng)過①across指橫穿,穿過.表示動(dòng)作從某一物體表面上經(jīng)過.②through指穿過,透過,表示從某一物體空間內(nèi)通過.③over表示從某人或某物的上空經(jīng)過或越過,不與表面接觸.④by/past表示從某人/某物的旁邊經(jīng)過.Canyouswim______theriver?/Theelephantissobigthatitcan’tgo_____thegate.Idon’tthinkanyonecanjump___thefence./Iwalked_____thebankofChinayesterday.between,amongbetween指在兩個(gè)人或兩個(gè)事物之間；Thereisabankbetweenthepostofficeandthepolicestation.②among指在三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或事物之間eg:Theteacherisstandingamongthestudents.3.in,into,outof①in：在……里面，用于表示靜止的位置。Hermotherworksinthehospital.②into：進(jìn)入，用于表示有特定終點(diǎn)的運(yùn)動(dòng)方向，經(jīng)常與表示動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞連用如,e,go,run,rush等。Thechildranintohismother’sarms.這小孩跑進(jìn)了它媽媽的懷里③outof：從……里出來，與into一樣，也表示有一定的運(yùn)動(dòng)方向。如：Allthechildrenrushedoutoftheclassroomwhenthebellrang.四.表示方式的介詞with/in/by表示“用……”（注意格式要對(duì)齊）1.with表示“用…”一般指有形的工具/手段/人體器官.Hecuttheappleintohalves____aknife.注:with表伴隨,“帶有,含有”Hecamein_____abigsmileonhisface.2.ina)表示用某種語言,方式,途徑.或書寫/繪畫所用的材料..Canyousayit_____English?/Hewrotealetter____blueink.b)以…方式inthisway用這種方法behaveinapolitewayc)也可表交通方式travelinacard)“穿著”inred穿紅色的衣服3.bya)表示乘坐交通工具,travelbybusb)以……方式、方法或手段Istudyforatest_____workingwithagroup.4.ona)通過studyontheair/radio通過廣播學(xué)習(xí)b)乘坐onabus/onabike注意:1).byphone=onthephone2).bycar=inacar3).inpen=withapen=withpens五．范圍介詞In在......里邊inourclassbetween在兩者之間betweenusamong在三者或三者以上的中間amongstudentsbesides除了......之外還有（包括后面的賓語）Tom,JimbesidesLily.except除了......之外（不包括后面的賓語）Tom,JimexceptLily.including包括Allthestudentsincludingme.六．介詞詞組辨析1.onthetree/inthetree①onthetree表示“樹上本身長的東西”在樹上.②inthetree表示“外界的物體進(jìn)入樹中”人或物在樹上.Therearesomeapples_____thetree./Thereisaboy____thetree.2．inthewall/onthewall①inthewall表示“門窗在墻上”②onthewall表示“某東西張貼或掛在墻上”apicturethewallthewindowthewall3.except/besides/exceptfor1).except除了…之外,都…不包括在范圍之內(nèi)，排除同類的.WeallwentswimmingexceptLucy.注:nothingbut…除了…之外,什么也沒有.Thereisnothingbutaletterinthebox.2).besides除了…之外,還有…包括在范圍之內(nèi).WestudyJapaneseandFrenchbesidesEnglish3)exceptfor句中的主語與exceptfor后的賓語不同類：Smithisagoodman,exceptforhisbadtemper.史密斯除了脾氣不好外，是個(gè)好人4.with/without1).with具有,帶有反義詞:without沒有詞組:withthehelpof=withone’shelp反義詞：withoutone’shelp2).without的用法:A).without+sb./sth.沒有某人或某物B).without+doingsth.Heleftherewithout____(say)“Goodbye”tousC).withoutsth常與if引導(dǎo)的否定的條件句.Ifthereisnowater,wecan’tlive.=Wecan’tlive_____________.5.bemade+介詞的區(qū)別:bemadeof由…制成(看得見原材料)；bemadefrom由…制成(看不見原材料)bemadein+地點(diǎn)由哪兒生產(chǎn)；bemadebysb.由某人制造bemadeinto+成品制成某種產(chǎn)品6.since/for（常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）.1).since:a).since+表示過去的時(shí)間短語（since+yesterday/twoyearsago/lastweek）b)since+過去時(shí)態(tài)的句子2)for:for+段時(shí)間=since+過去的時(shí)間7．其他固定搭配befullof充滿；befilledwith裝滿……；bebornin出生于；besureof確信；beusedto習(xí)慣于…；belatefor遲到；bestrictwithsb對(duì)某人要求嚴(yán)格；beexcitedabout對(duì)…感到激動(dòng)。介詞與動(dòng)詞的固定搭配:arrivein/at到達(dá)大/小地方；agreewith同意，贊同；askfor要求，請(qǐng)求catchupwith趕上，追上；efrom來自;dowellin在……做得好；decideon決定;fallbehind落后;getto到達(dá)；gotoschool去上學(xué)；getonwith與某人相處；goonwithsth.繼續(xù)做某事；gotobed(sleep)去睡覺；gotothecinema去看電影;havenothingwith與……無關(guān)；hearof聽說;hearfrom收到…來信;help...with...在(某方面)幫助;handin交上來。8、常用的詞組athome在家inEnglish用英語atnight在夜里intheend最后atwork上班inthestreet在街上atschool上學(xué)introuble有麻煩beafraidof害怕knockat敲（門）befullof充滿laughat嘲笑begoodat擅長listento聽 bytheway順便提一下lookafter照料bekindto對(duì) 好lookat看……belatefor遲到ofcourse當(dāng)然getreadyfor為 做準(zhǔn)備onone'swayto在去某地的路上goover復(fù)習(xí)ontheleft/right在左/右邊handin上交ontime準(zhǔn)時(shí)helponeselfto隨便吃 takepartin參加hundredsof成百的talkabout談?wù)搃nahurry匆匆忙忙地takecareof照料inaminute一會(huì)兒后waitfor等待9.不用介詞的情況:1.當(dāng)時(shí)間狀為:tonight,today,yesterday,tomorrow等時(shí),不用介詞.Whatareyougoingtodotonight?2.含有this,that,these,those,last,next,every,each等時(shí)間狀語.HewenttoWuhanlastweek.3.以all開頭的時(shí)間狀語前面不用介詞.Hehasworkedallday.4.以some,any,one等構(gòu)成的時(shí)間狀語前不用介詞.Hemetabadmanonecoldmorning.=Hemetabadmanacoldmorning.三、【典例探究】【例題1】：()1.BettyArrivedParistheeveningofJune1.A.at;in B.on;on C.in;in D.in;on答案：D（解析：本題主要考查國家和城市前面需要加介詞in，在具體的某一天的早上、中午、晚上，要用介詞on。）()2.Mymotherisusuallybusyhouseworkatnome.A.do B.with C.in D.for答案：B（解析：本題主要考查關(guān)于busy的固定搭配“bebusy(in)doing/withsth.”(忙于做某事。）學(xué)生只要掌握這個(gè)用法就可以輕而易舉的解題了。)()3.Itwassofoolishhimtoaskhersuchaquestion.A.of B.for C.to D.with答案：A（解析：本題主要考查關(guān)于it的固定搭配“Itis+adj.+todosth”其中Itis+adj.+ofsbtodosth前面的形容詞主要是表示人的品行的，如：kind,good,nice,wrong,careless,wise,foolish,polite,clever…….則由of連接人若形容詞僅僅是描述事物，不是對(duì)不定式行為者的品格進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)，用for?sb.，這類形容詞有difficult，easy，hard，important，dangerous，（im）possible等等。()4.TheGreatGreenWallcanstopthewindandsand____movingtotherichlandinthesouthofChina.A.from B.with C.at D.on答案：A（解析：本題主要考查stop的用法“stop...fromdoingsth.阻止某事的發(fā)生”，建議學(xué)生能夠積累一些關(guān)于介詞的固定搭配）四、【課堂運(yùn)用】【基礎(chǔ)】【練習(xí)1】I. Fillintheblankswithproperprepositions1.TheplanearrivedatLondonairport__________Wednesday.2.Whatdoyouusuallydo__________Christmas?3.Thefirstclassbegins__________8o’clock__________themorning.4.WewillbeinNanjing__________Tuesday.5.Mr.Blackwillvisitournewschoolbuilding__________twodays.6.__________theendoflastspringWanghaijoinedthearmy__________theend.7.Wewillhaveafootballmatch__________thisSaturdayafternoon.8.Theplaneisflying__________themountains.9TheDeadSeais__________thesealevel.10.Taiwanis__________thesoutheastofChina.11.Childrengetgifts__________NewYear’sDayand__________theirbirthdays.12Thesportsmeetingwasheld__________asunnyday.13.Thereisawindow__________thewall.14.Thereisamapandaclock__________wall__________ourclassroom.15.Tomgoestoschool__________hisfather’scareveryday.【答】1.on 2.at 3.at,in 4.on 5.in 6.At,in 7./8.above9.below10.in 11.on,on12.on 13.in 14.on,in15.inII. Choosethebestanswer.（選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢福?.Wetraveledovernightandarrived______home______themorning.A.on;in B.at;in C.in;in D.at;on2.Look______themapofChina______thewall,please.Aat;in B.for;at C.at;on D.on;in3.Thecarisstarting______fiveminutes.A.at B.on C.in D.of4.Wereturnedtoourhometown______.A.inlastweek B.inthelastweekC.lastweek D.foraweek5.Childrenwakeupveryearly______themorningofChristmasDay.A.in B.on C.for D.at6.Whydidyougetupsoearly______thismorning?A.on B./ C.at D.in7.Hearrived______Shanghai______9:30______March5.A.at;in;at B.to;on;atC.in;on;at D.in;at;on8.MissWangisingtoBeijing______twodays.A.after B.in C.on D.before9.TheAmericanCivilWarlastedfouryearsbeforetheNorthwon______theend.A.by B.at C.in D.on10.______NewYear’sEve,peopleusuallydon’tgotobeduntilmidnight.A.in B.at C.on D.for【答案】1.B;2.C;3.C;4.C;5.B;6.B;7.D;8.B;9.C;10.C【鞏固】【練習(xí)1】I. 填入適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~1.Mypencilcaseis__________LiLei’sdesk.2.Thereisabridge__________theriver.3.Theplaneisflying__________theclouds.4.Pleasedonotwrite__________thisline.5.Thefishswim__________thebridge.6.Wewillhaveafootballmatch__________thisSaturdayafternoon.7.Heonlywatchesbasketballgame__________TV.8.Englandis__________thesouthofIrelandand__________theeastofEurope.9.__________theafternoonofthisSunday,myuncleisarriving__________Shanghai.10.Iamgoingtomeethim__________thestation__________thisevening.【答】1.on 2.over 3.above4.below5.below6./ 7.on 8.on,to 9.on,in 10.at,/II.Choosethebestanswer.（選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢福?.SouthKorealies______theeastofAsia,______thesouthofNorthKorea.A.in;on B.on;in C.in;to D.on;on2.Jiangsuis______theeastofChina,butJapanis______theeastofChina.A.to;in B.in;to C.on;to D.to;on3.TheUnitedStatesis______thesouthofCanadaand______theeastofJapan.A.to;in B.on;to C.in;beside D.at;on4.Therewasabigsmile______ourteacher'sface.Aoff B.near C.on D.between5.Theywillhaveamathtest______twodays.A.for B.at C.in D.after6.Wehadourbreakfast______aquarter______seven.A./,to B.in;to C.at,to D.on,to7.Don'tshout______theoldwoman.Youshouldbemorepolite______her.A.to;at B.at;to C.in;for D.from;for8.Hastheteachergivenyouanyadvice______yourEnglishstudy?A.from B.with C.on D.in9.Alittlemonkeyisplaying______atreeandtherearealotofbananas______it.A.on;on B.in;on C.on;in D.in;in10.Whoaretheboys______greensportsshirts?A.with B.in C.at D.from【答案】1.A;2.B;3.B;4.C;5.C;6.C;7.B;8.C;9.B;10.B【拔高】【練習(xí)1】1.Alargegroupofstudentsarewaiting______thebusstopfortheschoolbus.A.for B.at C.to D.on2.Tom,youarethepersonI’mlooking______!etohelpmedealwiththecase.A.atB.forC.afterD.up3.PeopleonChongmingIslandcangotoShanghai______undergroundsoon.AinBbyCatDon4.Australiaisfamous______itsPinkLake,butnowpeoplecan’tenjoythesceneryanylonger.A.forB.withC.ofD.from5.Theliftinourbuildingsuddenlybrokedownandwegottrappedfloors.A.in B.on C.betweenD.among6.Thelocalgovernmentisplanningtodig_______themountaintomakeatunnel（隧道）.A.across B.through C.above D.throughout7.ThefilmWolfWarriors11turned_______tobeabigsuccessin2017.A.out B.over C.on D.down8.Itwasabsolutelyimpossibletobuildafire________thatcoldwinternight.A.on B.in C.of D.by9.Franceisfamous________itsgreatwine,touristattractionsandfashionshows.A.as B.for C.to D.with10.A:I'mthirsty.I’dlikeaglassoforangejuice.Whataboutyou,Dad?

B:Ipreferacupofcoffee

nothinginit.A.with

B.withoutC.for

D.to11.ThetourguidehappenedtomeetahugefiercemonsterMysteryIsland.A.inB.onC.atD.by12.Iwasangry______myselfformakingsuchastupidmistake.A.of B.at C.with D.for13.Leadersfrom20countriesandorganizationattendedtheHangzhouG20Summit___September,2016.onB.inC.atD.for14.Nicholsset___earlythismorningforhisfarmhouseinCalifornia.withBoffCaboutDup15.Pleaseconnectthespeakers_____theCDplayersothatwecanhearthesongsclearly.A.by B.of C.at D.to16.Let’shavearestthetimebeing,thenwewillcontinuetodiscusstheplanA.onB.inC.atD.for17.USpresidentDonaldTrumpstartedhisvisittoChinaNovember8,2017.A.withB.inC.onD.of18.Ourheadmasteralwaysencouragestheschoolcookstoservehealthymeals________junkfood.A.underB.ofC.withD.without19.Instead_______tellinghimtheanswer,theteacherhelpedhimtoreadthetextagain.A.ofB.forC.atD.to20.Lilyspentyearscaring____________hersickuncle.A.of B.at C.for D.with21.AgroupofteacherswenttoGuangzhouforanimportantactivity__________Dec.20th.A.in B.on C.to D.at22.Someyoungparentsareunaware______thedangerofgivingtheirbabiessmartphones.A.with B.for C.in D.of23.Therewere22medicalserviceareas________theroutein2017ShanghaiMarathon.A.alongB.with C.through D.across24.Sue'sstillveryangry______meforforgettingherbirthdayA)forB)toC.withD)by25.Theworld'ssmallestlizardhasbeendiscovered________asmallCaribbeanisland.A)onB)inC)forD)at26.IrememberthatmycousinPetercametoseeus______averycoldnightlasttime.A)in B)on C)at D)with27.It’smonknowledgethatleaveschangefromgreentobrownautumn. A)at B)on C)by D)in28.Withanaveragetemperatureof20degrees,springis______itswaytoShanghai. A)on B)in C)of D)by29.Thestorysoundsquitefamiliar______me,andIgotalittlebored. A)off B)for C)to D)with30.Tomysurprise,theanswerturned____________tobequiterightatlast.A)into B)down C)out D)in31.The24thWinterOlympicswillbeheldinBeijing____________February,2022.A)in B)on C)at D)by32.Iapologizedtotheteacher______notfinishingtheexercisesintime. A)for B)at C)as D)of33.Howmuchtimedoyouspend______yourstudyeveryday?A)in B)on C)at D)with34.Themanagerwasangry________Morrisbecausehesentemailstothewrongcustomeragain.A.at B.to C.with D.from35.Zhujiajiao,anoldtownwithahistoryofhundredsofyears,lies________thewestofShanghai.A.on B.in C.to D.among36.Thetravelerasked________somewaterwhenhepassedGrannyLi’shouse.A.by B.for C.with D.of37.WeallknowMother’sDayiscelebrated________thesecondSundayofMay.A)in B)to C)on D)at38.Thelawpreventsbusinessmen_______buyingandsellingivory,toothoftheelephant. A.by B.of C.against D.from39.LastweekendImetaforeignerinthestreetandshowedhimtheway______English. A)with B)on C)in D)by40.Arightfashionablescarf,necklace,beltetc.can

add

variety

______

simpleclothes. A)for B)by C)with D)to41.Jerrylosthiswayinthefield,________thegroundwascoveredwiththicksnow. A.or B.for C.but D.so答案：BBBAABAABABCBBDDCDACBDACABDACCAABCBBCDCDB五、【課后鞏固】【習(xí)題1】一、填入正