法律英語課后習(xí)題大全

重點(diǎn)的課文：(1AB2A3B4A5B6B)

UnitlA

l.Hmo.la.established?

l.Amo.la.traditio.originate.i.England..ne.Iega.orde.wa.es

tablishe.a.earl.a.l06.b.th.Nnio.la.di.no.exis.i.

1066.Willia.th.conquero.di.no.abolis.th.loca.custoin.an.th.loca.courts.

Loca.court.continue.t.appl.loca.customs.Tmo.t.th.who

l.kingdom.Th.kin.di.howeve.establis.som.roya.court.a.Westminster.T

hei.jurisdictio.wa.a.firs.ver.limite.bu.eventuall.expande.t.th.poin.wher

.th.Idisuse.Th.decision.o.th.roya.court.becam.th.la.co

mmo.t.th.whol.kingdom.th.coinmo.law.

2.Whatdoesthecommonlawtraditionincludeaccordingtothetext?

Answer:accordingtothetext,thecommonlawtraditionincludeslaw

andequity.

3.HovvdifferentisthelegalsystemofLouisianafromtherestofthe

UnitedStates?

Answer:thecommonlawwas"received"inmanycountriessuchas

UnitedStates,buttheLouisianaexcepted,becausewherethecivillaw

wasinplacebeforetheUnitedStatesgainedjurisdiction.

4.Whatdoesucivillaw"mean?

5.Answer.Th.expressio.

“civi.la."9LLati.ju.civilis.literall.mean.th.la.o.th.citizen.o.Ronie.Li.t

h.la.o.th.cit.o.Rome.th.la.applie.t..citize.(i.Latin.civis.o.Rom.a.oppose.

t.th.la.applie.t..non-citizen.

6.Whatisthemaindifferencebetweenthecivillawsystemand

commonlawsystem?

7.Answer.Firs.an.foremost.case.ar.usuall.considere.t.b.th.primar.sour

mo.la.countries.bu.i.civi.la.countries.case.ar.simpl.no..sour

c.o.law…a.leas.i.theory.Civi.la.juris.vvil.conside.th.civi.cod.a.a.al.enco

mo.la.jurisdiction.legislatio.tend.t.b.consi

dere.a.a.exceptio.t.th.cas.law.

8.Whatdifferentattitudesdothecivillawsystemandthecommon

lawsystemholdtowardscaselaw?

Answer:Casesareusuallyconsideredtobetheprimarysourceoflawin

commonlawcountries,butincivillawcountries,casesaresimplynota

sourceoflaw???atleastintheory,butcasesarebecomingmoreandmore

relevantincivillawcountries,buttheattitudesofciviliansandcommon

lawyerstowardlegislationandcasesdiffergreatly.

9.WhatissignificantabouttheAmericanlegaleducation?Howislaw

schoolteachingdifferentfromours?

Answer.Acatio.i.ver.origina.an.i.man.respect.unique.

Lino.la.countries.la.i..postgra

duat.degre.i.th.U.S.

Theteachingstyleismagisterial——theprofessorexposesthelawtohisor

herstudents,whotakenotesanddonotinterveneinclass.

8.I.la.degre.a.undei^raduat.degre.i.th.U.S..Ho.d.peopl.ge..Ia.degre.i.t

h?U.S.？

Answer:no,thelawdegreeisamasterdegreeintheU.S.,thestudents

musthaveatleastabachelor'sdegreeinsomeareaofstudy,andthento

studythelawandgetthelawdegree.

9.Cpar.th.lega.metho.empIoye.i.th.America.Icatio.an.

th.lega.metho.use.i.othe.countries?

Answer.Acatio.i..ver.origina.an.i.man.respect.unique.

Th.cas.metho.o.Socrati.metho.i.peculia.t.thi.countr..i.mus.b.clea.t.yo.

b.no.tha.th.ncase.metho.coul.no.hav.bee.though.o.i..civi.la.country.Lt

hos.countrie.(a.i.th.cas.i.England.la.i.a.undergraduat.degree.Lega.ed

ucatio.tend.t.b.longe.tha.i.th.Unite.States.Th.teachin.styl.i.magisterial

-erve

n.i.class.

lO.Wfessor.o.

judges.Wmo.la.system?

Afessors.becaus.Civi.la.student

.wil.rea.nla.doctrine.mor.tha.cases.Th.ndoctrine.i.th.cumulate.writing

.fessor.o.wha.th.la.i.o.shoul.be.Lcivi.la.th.Hdoctrine.i.considere

.t.b..sourc.o.la.an..highl.respecte.one.Yo.hav.t.remembe.tha.th.univers

ity.no.th.courts.reintroduce.th.civi.la.i.Continenta.Europe.I.i.therefor.

fessor.stil.hav.a.impor.rol.i.definin.th.law.Com

fessor.generall.d.no.enjo..simila.prestig.withi.thei.ow.jurisdi

ction.Her.th.judge.ge.mos.o.th.prestige.

Unit1B

1.Howiscaselawcreated?

2.Th.decision.o.judges.o.o.othe.official.empowere.b.th.constitutio.o.law.

o..politica.entit.t.hea.an.decid.controversies.creat.cas.law.

3.Whatdoseaparticulardecisionmeantothepartiestoalawsuit?

Tothelawyers,judges,andlawstudents?

1)Fro.th.poin.o.vie.o.partie.t.Jawsui.o.othe.conteste.controversy.wha.ma

tter.i.th.immediat.outcome.th.resuLth.tribuna.reache.i.thei.case.I.mean.

wethe.th.aggrieve.part.o.damage.part.wil.obtai..remedy.

4.Lth.vie.o.judges.lawyer.an.la.students.however.th.decisio.take.o.broad

e.perspective.Th.decisio.become..possibl.sourc.o.genera.applicabl.cas.

law.

5.AccordingtoProfessorLlwellyn,whatcreatesalegalsystemof

precedent?Whyandwhen?

1)Thosegeneralizationscontainedin,orbuiltupon,pastdecisions

createalegalsystemofprecedent.

2)Becauseasrulesofactionariseoutofthesolutionofparticular

problems,inanyjudicialsystemrulesoflawarisesoonerorlaterout

ofsuchdecisionsofcases,weatherornotsuchformulationsare

desired,intendedorconsciouslyrecognized.

3)Whenthosegeneralizationsaretakenasnormativeforfuturedispute,

alegalsystemofprecedentcreated.

6.Whatmighthappenifacourtfollowstheprecedents

mechanically?

Acourtthatfollowsprecedentmechanicallyortoostrictlywillattimes

perpetuatelegalrulesandconcepts

5.Wble.remainin.i.th.lega.syste.recognizin.pas.decision.a.a

uthoritativ.source.o.la.fo.futur.cases?

Thecontinuingprobleminalegalsystemthatrecognizespast

decisionsasauthoritativesourcesoflawforfuturecasesishowto

maintainanacceptableaccommodationofthecompetingvaluesof

stabilityinalaw,servedbyadherencetoprecedent,andresponsivenessto

socialchange,whichmaycallfortheabandonmentofanoutwornlegal

doctrine.

6.Explai.thes.tw.Lati.terms."star.decisis.an."reJudicata”?

“Star.decisis.i.a.importan.principLmo.law.I.reflect.th.effec.o..fina.d

ecisio.o.a.appellat.a.precedent.o.potentia.preceden.fo.futur.cases.an.i.addr

esse.th.impac.o.th.lega.nor.o.conduct.

“mo.law.I.reflect.th.effec.o..f

ina.decisio.o.a.appellat.a.a.authoritativ.settlemen.o..particula.controvers.t

he.befor.th.court.I.othe.words.i.addresse..decision'.impac.i.th.individua.

case.

7.Wha.doctrin.bar..perso.fro.eve.suin.o.th.sam.clai.again?

Thedoctrine“resjudicata^^barsapersonfromeversuingonthesame

claimagain.

8.Wces.i.Ap

arative-la.ingredient?

.judicia.decisio.i..precedent.th.ful.sens.onl.withi.th.sam.jurisdiction.How

ever.America.appellat.court.frequentl.cit.an.dra.upo.decision.fro.othe.juris

dictions.

Suchoutstatedecisionsarenotfull-fledgedprecedents,buttheyare

accordedthestatusandweightofpersuasiveauthorityandespeciallyin

caseswherethereisnolocalprecedentorthelocalprecedentsare

conflictingorunclear.

9.Ho.doe..cour.o.las.resor.i.on.stat.usuall.mak.us.o.outstat.decisions?

.cour.o.las.resor.i.on.stat.doe.no.conside.itsel.boun.t.follo.anothe.state'.c

as.la.rule..bu.i.wil.carefulLconside.th.outstat.decision.an.,i.i.find.thei.reas

onin.persuasiv..mak.us.o.the.a.source.o.guidanc.an.justification.

lO.Ca.yo.explai.th.differenc.betwee.th.bindin.precedent.an.persuasiv.

precedents?

Themajordifferencebetweenthebindingprecedentsandpersuasive

precedentsmaybetheauthoritytothecase.

Thebindingprecedentsarefullyauthoritativeandgenerallybinding,but

persuasiveprecedentsjustpersuasiveauthority.

Becauseofthedifferenceindegreeofinfluence,persuasiveprecedents

arenotasauthoritativeandshouldnotbeassignedthesameforceasthe

bindingprecedents.

UNIT2A

l.Wha.kind.o.case.d.th.inferio.court.deal.with.Wha.ar.som.o.th.lim

it.tha.ar.impose.o.them?

Ever.stat.ha.it.inferio.tria.court.wit.jurisdictio.limite.t.civi.suit.involvin.rel

ativeLsmal.amount.o.mone.an.t.mino.violation.o.th.crimina.law.Th.civi.ju

risdictio.o.a.inferio.cour.i.usuall.define.i.term.o.th.amoun.o.mone.i.disput

e.th.jurisdictio.o.a.

"inferior.crimina.cour.i.likel.t.b.define.i.term.o.th.maximu.jai.sentence.

2.Wha.kind.o.case.ar.th.tria.court.o.genera.jurisdictio.empowere.ttry

?*

L.secutio.involve.a.amoun.o.money.o..potentia.crim

ina.sentence.beyon.th.jurisdictio.o.a.

Uinferior.tria.cour..i.mus.b.file.an.hear.o..

“tria.cour.o.genera.jurisdictio...tha.i...cour.empowere.t.tr.al.kind.o.cases.

withou.monetar.o.subjec.matte.limitation.

3.Wha.i.th.functio.o.th.cour.o.las.resort.o.eac.state?

Ever.stat.ha.it.

Ucour.o.las.resort,.th.appellat.cour.a.th.to.o.th.judicia.hierarch.an.th.on.

whic.determine.wit.finalit.wha.particula.state,.la.i.an.shoul.b..Th.functio

.i.t.revie.th.actio.o.th.lowe.judicia.tribunal.o.th.state.

4.Wh.ar.appeal.t.th.court.o.las.resor.limited.Wha.doe.th.

^screenin.out.functio.refe.to?

Answer:Becauseavastincreaseinappellatelitigation,particularlyin

themorepopulousstates,ledtohopelesscongestionofthedocketsofthe

statecourtsoflastresort

Th.

uermediat.appellat.court.coul.empowe.

t.strai.ou.an.finall.dispos.o.th.bul.o.appellat.Iitigation.s.tha.th.cour.o.th.las

.resor.ca.giv.it.fuLattentio.t.nove.an.sociall.importan.controversies.

5.Wha.i.th.significanc.o.th.statut.passe.b.th.firs.Congres.o.Septemb

e.24.1789.accordin.t.th.author?

I.th.evolutio.o.th.federa.judicia.system.th.statut.wa..landmark.Th.statute

mbodie.th.firs.Congress,.decisio.o.th.issu.whethe.ther.shoul.b.federaAria

.court.a.wel.a..Suprem.Cerpretatio.an.enforcemen.o.fe

dera.la.shoul.b.lef.entirel.t.th.existin.stat.tria.an.appellat.courts.subjec.t.re

vie.b.th.Suprem.Cour.o.th.Unite.States.

6.Wha.i.th.numbe.o.judge.presidin.ove.th.trial.i..Distric.Court?

InaDistrictCourt,trialsarepresidedovernormallybyasinglejudge,

butinafewsituations,chieflycasesinwhichinjunctionsaresoughton

federalconstitutionalgroundsagainsttheenforcementofstateorfederal

statute,three-judgecourtmustbeconvened.

7.Wha.mus.b.th.jurisdictio.o..Distric.Cour.base.upon.Wha.doe.th.

workloa.o.th.Distric.Cour.mak.up?

ThejurisdictionofaDistrictCourtoftheUSmustbebasedeitheron

thecharacterofthecontroversy(forexample,thatitisacase“arising

underthisConstitutionorthelawsoftheUS')oronthecharacterof

partiestothecontroversy(forexample,thatitisacontroversy'*。which

theUSshallbeaparty^orone"betweencitizensofdifferentStates").

MostofthecaseswhichmakeuptheworkloadoftheDistrictCourt

arewithinoneoranotherofthreecategories:(1)casestowhichthe

UnitedStatesisaparty,whichincludesbothcivilcasesandall

prosecutionsforviolationoffederalcriminalstatutes;(2)casesinvolving

a"federalquestion,whichmeansaquestioninvolvingtheinterpretation

oreffectofaprovisionoftheConstitutionorofafederalstatuteor

regulation;and(3)casesinvolving"diversityofcitizenship,thatis,suits

betweencitizensofdifferentstatesoftheUnitedStates.

8.Whic.cour.ha.jurisdictio.ove.

adiversit.o.citizenship.cases..federa.court.o..stat.court.Why?

.Generali.speaking..federa.Distric.Cour.ha.jurisdictio.ove.sue.cases.accor

din.t.Articl.

II.Sectio..o.th.Constitutio.an.Judiciar.Ac.o.1789.However.existin.federa.l

egislatio.impos..furthe.limitatio.o.Distric.Cour.jurisdictio.i.som.

ufedera.question.an.al.udiversit.o.citizenship.case.

“th.matte.i.controvers.mus.exceed$

50,000”.That'.becaus.th.Distric.Cour.wil.b.swampe.i.ver.smal.matter.i.

controvers.ar.abl.t.b.accepte.b.th.Distric.Court.

9.Ho.ca.peopl.ge.thei.appeal.reviewe.b.th.U.S.Suprem.Court?

..disappointe.litigan.canno.secur.Suprem.Cour.revie.merel.b.contendin.tha

.th.decisio.hande.dow.agains.hi.wa.wrong.H.mus.firs.persuad.th.Suprem.

Cour.tha.th.issu.presente.b.hi.cas.i.importan.enough.a.issue.o.genera.law.t

.justif.Suprem.Cour.consideration.Second.almos.al.th.reviewin.o.judgmen

t.o.federa.an.stat.appellat.court.ar.secure.b..petitio.fo.u.wri.o.certiorari”.

lO.Wha.i.th.polic.underlyin.th.discretionar.natur.o.th.Suprem.Cour

.appellatjurisdiction?

Thepolicyis,ifappealtotheSCwereavailableinallcases,theC

wouldbeswampedwithordinaryappealsandunabletogivefulland

deliberateconsiderationtothegreatcasesitmustdecide.

Unit3B

1.Whohastheauthoritytodeterminehowtheconstitutionis

interpretedandappliedtoaparticularcase?Amongthosewho

areentitledtosuchauthority;whichonehasthefinalsay?

2.Th.Cour.ha.th.fina.sa.o.wha.th.Constitutio.mean.an.ho.i.applie.i..partic

ula.case.ever.court.federa.an.state.ha.th.responsibilit.an.th.authorit.t.re

nde.decision.o.constitutiona.issues.bu.al.o.thos.othe.decision.ca.ultima

tel.b.reviewe.b.th.U.S.Suprem.Court.

3.DoestheConstitutionvestjudicialreviewontheSupremeCourt?

HowtointerpretArtideIIIoftheConstitution?

Th.powe.o.judicia.revie.i.no.give.t.th.Suprem.Cour.i.th.Constitutio.itseL.

Althoug.ArticL.state.tha.

“Th.judicia.powe.o.th.Unite.State..shaLb.veste.i.on.Suprem.Cour..an.i.su

c.inferio.court.a.th.Congres.ma.

fro.tim.t.tim.ordai.an.establish..an.i.extend.tha.powe.t.

“al.case..i.La.an.Equit..arisin.unde.thi.Constitution.an.t.othe.categorie..B

u.th."Suprem."mean.onl.

“highest,.designatin..plac.i.th.hierarch.bu.no.th.court'.authorit..Th.pow

e.t.hea.case.arisin.unde.th.Constitutio.i.likewis..gran.o.jurisdictio.t.hea.cer

tai.kind.o.cases.bu.no..gran.o.authorit.t.exercis.constitutiona.revie.i.hearin

.them.

3.1.whic.cas.wa.th.powe.o.judicia.revie.established?

MarburyVSMadison

4.Wh.doe.Chie.Justic.Marshal.thin.tha.th.cour.ha.th.povve.t.revie.th.c

onstitutionalit.o.legislation.Wha.i.hi.syllogism?

Th.Constitutio.i.law.Cerpre.law.Terpre.th.Constitu

tion.

5.Wha.i.th.supremac.clause?(W^^ffiW^)

.Th.Suprem.Cerpre.Constitution.Terpretatio.a

n.mandat.mad.b.th.Suprem.Cour.ar.superio.t.an.othe.judicia.power.

Unit4A

l.Lis.som.o.th.typica.form.o.punishmen.mentione.i.th.text.D.yo.kno.a

n.othe.form.o.punishmen.use.i.th.U.S.?

Typicalformsofpunishmentincludedeath,imprisonment,fine,removal

frompublicofficeordisqualificationfromholdingpublicoffice,

probation,andrestitution.

Forexamplejailsentencesandexecution.

2.Wha.ar.th.difference.betwee.civi.la.an.criinina.law?

.Civi.violation.ar.ofte.referre.t.a.torts.Ther.ar.fou.distinction.betwee.crime

.an.torts.

Firstly,acrimeisconsideredtobeawrongagainstallofsociety,

whereasatortisconsideredtobeaprivatematterbetweentheparties

directlyinvolved.

.Secondly.th.person.wh.actual!.prosecut.th.cas.differ..special!.designate.st

ceeding.whe.crime.ar.involve..H

mitte.gene

ces.th.claim.

.Tbation.jai.sentences.re

mova.fro.publi.offic.an.eve.executio.ar.readil.available.However.thes.rem

edie.ar.no.availabl.i.tor.law.Tpens

ation.

Finally,compensationpaidindividualswhohavesuedothersincivil

courtsiscalleddamages.

3.Ho.ar.civi.damage.categorized.Whe.d.the.apply?

.Civi.damage.ar.categorize.a.general.special.an.punitive.Genera.damage.c

ompensat.fo.an.specifi.an.demonstrabl.har.tha.ha.bee.cause..Specia.dama

pensatio.fo.

“consciou.pai.an.suffering..Punitiv.damage.ar.awarde.a.th.discretio.o.th.j

ury.o.a.require.b.statute.i.i.i.foun.tha.th.behavio.o.th.acto.wa.th.resul.o.a.i

ntentiona.disregar.fo.th.safet.o.well-bein.o.others.

4:Whatarethedifferencesbetweensubstantivelawandprocedural

law?

Thetwobroadareasoflawarereadilydistinguishedassubstantive

lawandprocedurallaw.

Substantiv.crimina.la.define.crime.an.establishe.punishments.Thes.la

monl.foun.i.statute.an.ordinance.tha.ar.writte.b.local.state.o.feder

a.legislature.Ccedure.tha.mus.b.followe.

durin.th.investigatio.o.crimes.i.th.apprehensio.o.offenders.an.i.th.determi

natio.o.th.individual,.innocenc.o.guilt....

Thus,substantivelawinformsthesocietyastowhatbehavioris

acceptableorunacceptable,whereasprocedurallawdirectsthestateasto

thepropermethodsforapprehensionandadjudication.

5:Whatkindsoflegalrightsthatthepolicemustadvicethesuspect

ofbeforeanyinterrogation?

Terrogation.Sue.1

ega.right.ar.included.th.righ.t.remai.silent.th.righ.t.hav.a.attorne.presen.du

errogation.Thoug.th.suspec.ma.waiv.thes.rights..waive.mus.b.knowi

ngl.an.voluntary.

Wha.i.th.significanc.o.th.cas.Mirand.vs.Arizona?

Th.cas.o.Mirand.v.Arizon.establishe.tha.crimina.defendant.hav..righ.t.kno

.thei.right.unde.th.constitutio.prio.t.questionin.b.la.enforcement.Prio.t.this

.polic.officer.di.no.hav.t.advis..suspec.abou.hi.rights.Thi.i.th.righ.t.remai.s

vide.i.yo.ca

nno.affor.one.

6.Ho.ar.th.crime.classified?

T.felonies.misdemeanor.an.infractions.Th.distin

mitted.th.subsequen.p

unishmen.allowe.b.la.and/o.th.plac.o.confinemen.o.th.convicte.defendant.

Th.ground.fo.distinctio.ofte.var.considerabl.fro.stat.t.state.However..revie.

o.th.applicabl.stat.statute.reveaL.mo.test.th.lengt.o.plac.o.punish

men.ofte.distinguishe..felon.for..misdemeanor.An.crim.generall.punishabl

.b.mor.tha.si.month.i.priso.i.considere.t.b..felony.wherea..crim.requirin.pu

nishmen.o.les.tha.si.month.i..misdemeanor.A.wit.misdemeanors..jur.tria.i.

mittin.infracti

on.ma.neve.receiv.jai.sentence.a.punishment.

Andinfractionsareconsideredtobeto"petty”offenses.

7.Ho.ar.felonie.distinguishe.fro.misdemeanors?

.Th.distinctio.betwee.felonie.an.misdemeanor.generall.center.o.th.serious

mitted.th.subsequen.punishmen.allowe.b.la.and/o.th.pla

c.o.confinemen.o.th.convicte.defendant.Tmo.way.t.distingui

s.them.

Th.firs.on.i.th.lengt.o.plac.o.punishment.An.crim.generall.punishabl.b.mo

r.tha.si.month.i.priso.i.considere.t.b..felony.wherea..crim.requirin.punish

men.o.les.tha.si.month.i..misdemeanor.However.i.i.importan.no.t.b.confus

e.b.th.lengt.o.th.sentenc.give.b.th.judg.o.jurors.Fo.example.assum.judg.se

ntence.th.defendan.t.fiv.month.imprisoniTient.Lth.greates.maximu.sentenc

.wa.fiv.months.i.i..misdemeanor.However.i.th.judg.ha.th.discretio.t.senten

mitted.

Th.secon.wa.i.b.th.so-calle.i.presenc.rule..polic.office.canno.arres.a.indivi

mitte.i.th.officer?.presen

plain.

an.th.issuanc.o.a.arres.warrant.Whe.th.offens.i..felony.however.th.polic.of

mitte.

mitte.ou.o.th.presenc.o.th.o

fficer.

8.Aremotiveandintentthesame?Ifnot,whatarethedifferences

betweenthem?

.No.Tpletel.differen.lega.meanings.

Motiv.i.define.a.th.

“caus.o.reaso.tha.iTiove.th.wil.an.induce.action..I.represent.th.stimulu.fo.

behavior.Thus.on.ma.kiLanothe.becaus.o.hatred.jealousy.o.eve.love.Bu.th

.fac.tha.on.ma.hav.th.motiv.t.kil.anothe.doe.no.necessaril.mea.tha.on.harb

en.t.injur.o.kill.

Intentrelatestothestateofmindatthetimeofthecommissionofthe

unlawfulact.

Failur.t.establis.th.

“why.o.th.crim.doe.no.necessaril.mea.th.jur.wil.vot.fo.acquittal.However

.en.mu

s.resuLi.acquittal.

9.Wha.ar.th.element.establishin.th.crimina.Iiability?

Theelementsarereferredasmensrea,actusreusandcausation.

l().Explai.th.significanc.o.men.rea.actu.reu.an.causation.

.Mmissio.o.th.unlawfu.act.Th

.mitted.I.th.a

ccuse.wa.criminalLnegligen.i.hi.belie.an.behavior.th.la.ma.conclud.tha.th.

unlawfu.men.re.wa.present.

.Th.actu.reu.elemen.relate.t.th.

“doing.par.o.th.crime.Thus.i..perso.doe.no.hav.Jega.dut.t.ac.an.i.fac.doe.

no.act.the.tha.perso.canno.b.hel.legall.accountabl.fo.th.unlawfu.act.o.othe

rs.

.Fin.togethe.o.th.men.re.an.act

u.reus.resultin.i..crimina.wrong.I.entio.an

.th.action.th.causatio.doe.no.exist.an.ther.i.n.crimina.liability.

Unit5CriminalProcedureB

l.D.yo.agre.wit.statemen.tha.

“i.i.bette.t.fre.guilt.person.tha.t.convic.innocen.ones”?

Yes.Becauseiftheoffenderwhoismissed,canbeseizedlater,butifa

personwaskilledbymistake,thevictimcouldnotrevived

2.Wsecuto.o.th.gran.jury.Ho.doe..

gran.jur.decid.whethe.o.no.t.retur..atru.bill?

Afterconductingtypicallyextensivebackgroundinvestigationsin

corroborationwithlocalandevenfederallawenforcement,prosecutors

mayfilewhatarecalledbillofinformation.

I..mitted.the..

“tru.bill.i.returned.an.th.accuse.i.boun.ove.fo.trial..

3.Whe.doe.a.arres.occur.Wha.doe.i.resul.from?

Anarrestoccurswhenapeaceorpoliceofficertakesasuspectinto

custodyforthepurposesofchargingtheindividualwithacrime.

Thearrestmayresultfromthepoliceofficer'sownperceptionthata

crimehasbeenorisabouttobecommitted.

4.Wsecute.accordin.t.th.passage?

Tsecut.largeLdepend.o.th.strengt.o.state'.cas.agains.th.acc

used.Beside.th.attitud.o.th.victim.th.cos.t.th.system.har.t.th.suspect.adequ

cedur.available.an.suspectJ.erat.wit.la.enf

secute.

5.Wh.conduc..preliminar.hearing?

Themagistrateorpreliminaryhearingjuryconductapreliminaryhearing.

Whatmusttheydecideafterthepresentationofthecase?

Theymustdecidewhetherthestatehadprobablecausetoarrestthe

accused.

6.Wh.i.th.arraignmen.important?

Becaus.i.th.an-aignmen.th.accuse.playe..relative!.activ.rol.tha.the.mus.ma

k..plea.Brme.o.charges.coun

se.i.appointe.(i.th.defendan.i.indigent).an.bai.i.established.

7.Wha.i.th.functio.o.voi.dire.D.yo.kno.th.differenc.betwee.peremptor.

challeng.an.th.challeng.fo.cause?

Th.ces.use.t.selec..jury..rando.cross-selectio.o.person.i.th.co

mmunit.i.whic.th.tria.i.t.occu.i.summone.t.th.courtroom.

Peremptorychallengeallowseithersidetohaveprospectivejurors

excusedwithouthavingtospecifyaparticularreasonandistypically

limitedtosixinnonseriouscasesandtwelveinfelonyorcapitalcases.

Thechallengeforcauseallowsfortheexclusionofajuroronlyifthe

excludingparty(defenseorprosecution)demonstratesthattheindividual

cannotbeimpartialorcannototherwisehandletheresponsibilityof

makingarationaldecisionandnolimitstobethenumberofchallengefor

causethateithersidemayemploy.

8.Wh.ar.the.form.instruction.designe.t.b.simple?

Inordertounderstandyetcompleteenoughtoavoidanypotential

reversibleerrorsonappeal.

9.Wha.woul.happe.i..mistria.occurs?

Tces.again.sine..retria.resul

tin.fro..mistria.doe.no.constitut.doubl.jeopardy.A..resul.o.recen.Suprem.C

our.decisions.som.loca.jurisdiction.hav.don.awa.wit.th.unanimit.requirem

ent.verdic.i.whic.a.fe.a.tw.third.o.th.juror.vot.t.convic.o.acqui.ar.considere

.t.b.constitutionaL

lO.Wha.kind.o.sentence.ma.b.impose.i.th.accuse.i.foun.guilty?

Sentencesmaybesuspension,probation,jailterm,andfine,

disqualificationtoholdpublicofficeorevencapitalpunishment.

UNIT6B

l.Wplaint?

First,discusswiththeclientaboutthefactstoseewhethertheycanbe

provedincourt.

Second.determin.whethe.thes.fact.stat..clai.unde.th.applicabl.law.

Third,determineinwhatcourtyouwill"bringyouractionM.

2.Wplain.ha.bee.served?

Oplain.ha.bee.served.th.nex.mov.i.u.t.th.defendan.an.hi.lawyer.

Ther.ar.fou.course.o.actio.ope.t.you.

(1)Donothing,forobviousreasonsthisisnotoftentherecommended

response;

(2)Serve(and/orfileincourt)amotiontodismissforfailuretostatea

claim,sincethemotiontodismiss,ordemurrer,admits,temporarily,the

truthofthefactsallegedbytheplaintiff,itraisesapureissueof

substantivelaw;

(3.Serv.(an./o.file.a.answer.A.answe.denie.al.(o.some.o.th.fact.allege.i.th.

complaint.1.thu.raise.a.issu.o.fac.betwee.th.parties.no.a.issu.o.law;

(4.Serv.(an./o.file.a.affirmativ.defence.B.thi.pleading.yo.admi.th.trut.o.th.f

act.allege.an.tha.thos.fact.standin.alon.woul.wi.fo.plaintiff.bu.alleg.ne.fac

t.whic.requir..differen.result.

3.Wha.migh.happe.i.th.motio.t.dismis.fo.failur.t.stat..clai.i.granted.W

ha.i.denied?

.I.i.i.granted.usuall.th.plaintif.wil.b.give.a.opportunit.t.

“replead,.i.e.t.alleg.additiona.facts.i.the.exist.sufficien.t.stat..claim.I.h.i.u

nabl.t.d.so.h.ma.appeal.I.th.motio.t.dismis.i.denied.an.th.defendan.has.i.a

dditio.t.movin.t.dismiss.controverte.th.plaintiffs.allegation.o.fact.th.cas.wi

l.g.t.tria.(o.i.som.jurisdiction.h.ma.appea.immediately).Lsh.doe.no.disput.

th.facts.ther.i.n.nee.fo..trial.Tceed.directl.t.judgment.o.th.law.whi

c.ma.b.reviewe.o.appeal.

4.D.yo.understan.th.difference.betvvee.th.tw.term.nobjection.an.nexce

ption.use.i.th.tria.stage?

I.th.direc.an.cross-examinatio.stage-

th.witnesse.o.th.plaintif.ar.calle.th.counse.testif.an.ar.cross-examine.b.th.d

efendant,.counsel.yo.ma.hav.',roductio.o.evidence.fo.exa

mple.o.th.groun.tha.th.evidenc.i.inadmissibLa.hearsay.Lth.court.afte.th.de

fendant'.objection.let.th.evidenc.in.defendan.wil.''except.t.th.rulin.an.s.pre

serv.he.righ.t.challeng.th.rulin.o.appea.i.th.jur.verdic.goe.agains.her.

5.Wha.doe."charg.t.th.jury.mean.Wha.doe.th.judg.d.durin..

^jur.charge”.Wha.ma.eithe.sid.i.th.litigatio.d.abou.th.^jur.charge'?

Th.judg.give.he.instruction.t.th.jur.a.t.th.applicabl.la.o.th.case.Th.instruct!

o.stag.i.on.o.th.mos.importan.fo.ou.immediat.purposes.an.yo.shoul.kno.so

methin.abou.thes.realities: