Unit5 TOPIC TALK-LESSON 1 詞匯精講課堂

詞匯課堂Awordisamicrocosmofhumanconsciousness.—Vygotsky版本：新北師單元：選擇性必修二Unit5

(TOPICTALK—LESSON1)本單元詞匯梳理1.significance來自significant構(gòu)詞：sign+fic(tomake做)+-ance(名詞詞綴)詞族：significant,

significance,

significantly2.promotepro-(forward向前)

+mot(tomove移動)

+-e詞源義和基本義是“向前移動；向前發(fā)展”熟詞生義：晉升；促銷詞塊：promote/facilitatesocialandnationaldevelopment派生詞：promotion3.consistent來自consist；詞塊：beconsistentwithsth派生詞：consistently4.sympathysym-(together共同)

+pathy(feeling感情)→和某人有著共同的感情→同情5.analyseanalysis—analyseana-(完全)+lyse(解開)→(將事物)完全解開→分析6.philosopher構(gòu)詞：philosophy—philosopher7.educatoreducate(教育)+-or(從事……的人)→教育工作者8.insistin-(upon在……之上)+sist(tostand站)→站在自己的立場上→堅決要求；堅持認為同根詞：assist詞塊：insiston/upon(doing)sth,insist(that)…sb(should)dosth9.evaluatee-(=ex,out出來)+value+-ate→將價值說出來→評價10.enlightenen-+lighten（v

使變明亮）

詞族：light,

lighten,

enlighten11.exceptionally詞族：except,exception,exceptional,exceptionally12.severe一詞多義：基本義“嚴重的”(extremelybadorserious)13.restrictionrestrict(v

限制)+-ion(名詞后綴)詞塊：restrictionsonsth14.unbearableun-(否定前綴)+bear(v

忍受)+-able(形容詞后綴)15.troublesometrouble(n

麻煩)+-some(形容詞后綴)16.tendencytend(v

傾向)+-ency(名詞后綴)詞塊：haveatendencytodosth17.superb近義詞：excellent18.eyesighteye(n

眼睛)+sight(n

視力)詞塊：good/poor/badeyesight19.relatere-(back

往回)+-lat(tobring帶)+-e→往回帶→帶回(詞源義、基本義)詞塊：relateto詞族：relate,related,relation,relationship,unrelated20.technique來自詞根techno-(art,skill技術)；同根詞：technology21.straightforwardstraight(adj

直的)+forward(adv

向前)22.initiallyinitial(adj

最初的)+-ly(副詞后綴)23.excitementexcite(v

使興奮)+-ment(名詞后綴)詞塊：in/withexcitement詞族：excite,

excited,exciting,

excitement24.imitationimitate(v模仿)+-ion(名詞后綴)25.stream隱喻：具體的“小河/溪流”→液/氣/人/車流名詞動詞化：流動→(計算機)流播詞塊：aconstantstreamofvisitors,streamdown26.precious詞源同price和prize詞塊：bepreciousto27.grasp一詞多義，基本義“抓住”詞塊：grasptheopportunity,within/beyondsb’sgrasp,havea(good)graspof28.gradualgradu-(step步、級)+-al(形容詞詞綴)→一步一步的→逐漸的；同根詞：grade,graduate派生詞：gradually29.painfulpain(n

疼痛)+-ful(形容詞后綴)30.enthusiastic詞塊：beenthusiasticabout詞族：enthusiasm,enthusiast,enthusiastic,enthusiastically31.vocabulary詞塊：broaden/enlarge/enrich/expandvocabulary32.expandex-(out向外)+pand(tospread

展開)→使向外展開→擴展、擴大派生詞：expansion33.complexcom-(together一起)+plex(toweave編織)→編織在一起的→復雜的反義詞：simple派生詞：complexity34.gentlygentle(adj

溫和的)+-ly(副詞后綴)35.puzzle詞塊：puzzleover/about,

solveapuzzle派生詞：puzzled,puzzling36.apparentap-(表示強調(diào))+par(visible可看見的)+-ent(形容詞后綴)→強調(diào)可看見的→明顯的派生詞：apparently37.disappointeddisappoint+-ed(分詞形容詞)disappoint：dis-(不、非、使相反)+appoint(指定、任命)→沒有指定、任命→使失望詞族:disappoint,disappointed,disappointing,

disappointment38.abstractabs-(=ab-,away離開)+tract(todraw抽、拉)→拉出；抽出→摘要詞塊：anabstractidea/concept39.breakthroughbreak(v打破)+through(adv

完全地)聯(lián)系短語動詞breakthrough詞塊：makeabreakthrough40.necklace在16世紀時，歐洲貴族和社會上流人士們喜歡在上衣領口上縫上一圈金銀線之類的鑲邊作為裝飾。這種鑲邊在英語中就稱為necklace，由neck（頸部）+lace（蕾絲、細帶）構(gòu)成，字面意思就是“脖頸處的蕾絲”。后來，隨著服飾時尚潮流的變遷，人們開始在脖子上掛上各種用珠寶或其他貴重物品制成的項鏈，并繼續(xù)使用necklace一詞來表示掛在脖子上的鏈狀裝飾物。41.foreheadfore(inthefrontof)+head(頭)42.vividviv-(tolive生活)+-id(形容詞后綴)→生動的派生詞：vividly重難點詞精講insistpromotesevere一詞多義relate一詞多義英語釋義搭配義一詞多義grasp一詞多義evaluate英語釋義disappointed詞族分詞形容詞詞根詞綴promote特蕾莎修女（嬤嬤）（MotherTeresaofCalcutta，1910－1997），是世界著名的天主教慈善工作者，因其一生致力于消除貧困，于1979年獲得諾貝爾和平獎（theNobelPeacePrize）。她在接受諾貝爾和平獎時說道：“你能為促進世界和平做些什么呢?回家愛你的家人吧?！眕romotevt

促進；推動tohelpsthtohappenordevelop(encourage)：promoteinternationalcooperationWemustpromoteoriginality,inspirecreativityandencourageinnovation.Goodlisteningcanshowrespect,promoteunderstanding,andimproveinterpersonalrelationship.2008江蘇書面表達改promote詞源解讀：pro-（forward向前）+mot（tomove移動）+-e。詞源義是“向前移動、向前發(fā)展”。前綴為pro-的詞：progress,protest,proceed詞根mot的同根詞：emotional

[常用于被動語態(tài)]晉升：Hehasbeenpromotedto

generalmanager.Whilewaitingfortheopportunitytogetpromoted,Henrydidhisbesttoperformhisduty.2014安徽

促銷；推廣：Whatistheadvertisementpromoting?【溫故】選必一U2promotionn[C]&[U]晉升；促銷；[U]促進：getapromotionpromote語義網(wǎng)絡圖使職位“向前發(fā)展”使某事“向前發(fā)展”晉升促進；推動促銷；推廣使產(chǎn)品銷售“向前發(fā)展”向前發(fā)展（基本義）promoteinsistvt&vi

堅持；堅決要求todemandthatsthshouldhappen：—Whydon’tyoucallthemuptoday?—OK,ifyouinsist.①insiston/upon(doing)sth:TuYouyouandherteammemberseveninsistedontestingthemedicineonthemselvestomakesurethatitwassafe.人教新選必①–1

②insist+(that)…(should)dosth:Heinsisted(that)theproblem(should)bediscussedatthemeeting.詞源解讀：in-（upon在……之上）+sist（tostand站）→站在自己的立場上→堅決要求；堅持認為

堅持說；堅持認為tosayfirmlythatsthistrue,especiallywhenothersdon’tbelieveyou：①insistonsth:Heinsistedonhisinnocence.②insist+(that)從句：Heinsistedthathewasright.注：insist表示“堅持”和“堅決要求”時，that從句中用虛擬語氣；而表示“堅持說”和“堅持認為”時則不用。evaluate詞源解讀：e-(=ex,out出來)+value+-ate→將價值說出來→評價evaluatevt評價；評估tojudgehowgood,useful,orsuccessfulsthis(assess)：Thescientistswereevaluatingtheexperiment.Weneedtoevaluatehowwellthepolicyisworking.【詞匯拓展】evaluationn[C]&[U]評價；評估severe

severeweather惡劣天氣severewinter寒冬severepain劇痛severe

adj

嚴重的extremelybadorserious：severedamage/aseveredrought

嚴厲的；苛刻的：beseverewithoneself

嚴峻的；激烈的：aseverewinterseverecompetition【詞匯拓展】?severelyadv嚴重地；嚴厲地：aseverelypollutedlakeAnyonebreakingthelawwillbeseverelypunished.問題、損害、疾病等“嚴重的”人對待事情的態(tài)度“嚴重的”環(huán)境或形勢等“嚴重的”嚴重的嚴厲的；苛刻的嚴峻的；激烈的severe語義網(wǎng)絡圖嚴重的severe基本義AoBingcanrelatetoNeZha,becausetheyhavesimilarexperiences.relaterelatev

[常與to連用]

vt&vi（使）互有關聯(lián)

(connect)：Thereportseekstorelate

theriseincrimeto

anincreaseinunemployment.

vt[正式用語]

敘述；講：Herelatedhowtheaccidenthappened.LuoGuanzhongrelatesthestoryofthethreekingdomsinthisbook.

vi

理解；認同：IlovetechnologyandtrytokeepupwithitsoIcanrelateto

mystudents.詞源解讀：re-(back往回)+-lat(tobring帶)+-e→往回帶→帶回(詞源義、基本義)relate帶回基本義relaterelate

語義網(wǎng)絡圖將一事物帶回到另一事物帶回到某種情感帶回到某個話題（使）互有關聯(lián)敘述；講理解；認同【溫故】選必一U3

relatedadj

相關的；有關系的：water-relateddiseases(be)relatedto與……有關：The“newfourgreatinventions”areallrelatedtoChina’shigh-techinnovation.中國的新四大發(fā)明：高鐵、掃碼支付、共享單車和網(wǎng)購。同族詞：relate,related,relation,relationship,unrelatedInthisfilm,thedirectorrelates

NeZha’sfate(命運)to

AoBing’s.(Inthisfilm,theirfatesarecloselyrelated.)NeZhaandAoBingbecomefriendsbecausetheycanrelatetoeachother.Thefilmrelates

howNeZhachangeshisfateinthisfilm.Therearemanycharactersinthefilm,andIlikeNeZhabest.Mostpeoplerefertohimasademon,buthesays“I’mthemasterofmyownfate!I’mtheonewhodecides,ifI’manimmortalordemon!”AnothercharacterIamfondofisAoBing,whoisNeZha’sfriend.AoBingcanrelatetoNeZhabecausetheyhavesimilarexperiences.Fromthisfilm,Ithinkpeopleshouldtreateachotherwithoutprejudice(成見)andifothersmisunderstandyou,beyourself,anddotherightthing.同理心

empathy勇敢的心

abraveheart■

vt

抓?。痪o握totakeafirmholdofsb/sth：Graspall,loseall.Hegraspedmyhandandshookitwarmly.Weshouldgrasp

theopportunities

ofthenation’snewroundofopening-up.

理解；領會tounderstandsthcompletely：graspsb’smeaningAtthattime,wedidnotfullygraspthesignificanceofwhathadhappened.表示理解語言、詞匯或文章等時只能用understand，不能用grasp。如：Idon’tunderstandFrench/theinstructions.grasp

注■n［常用單數(shù)］

緊抓；緊握；控制：haveafirmgraspon

（對知識等的）理解；領會(understanding)：difficulties

within/beyondsb’sgraspI’vealwayshadagoodgraspofEnglishlanguagethankstomymumwhostartedmereadingwhenIwasverylittle.2012湖北grasp抓?。ɑ玖x）緊緊“抓住”人/物

“抓住”事物或意思抓??；緊握grasp語義網(wǎng)絡圖vn緊抓；緊握；控制理解；領會理解；領會disappointvt

使失望：disappointsb’sexpectations

I’msorrytodisappointyou,butIcan’tcomeafterall.disappointeddisappointed是disappoint的過去分詞形容詞。disappoint：dis-（不、非、使相反）+appoint（指定、任命）→沒有指定、任命→使失望disappointedadj

失望的；沮喪的：Onebyone,theapplicantslefttheinterviewer’sofficewithdisappointedlooksontheirfaces.2013山東Shelefttherestaurant,disappointedwiththebadservice.I’mdisappointedinyou—IreallythoughtIcouldtrustyou!Weweredeeply/terriblydisappointedtofindthemuseumwasclosed.

Mymothersaiditwasagreatday,butshewasjustalittledisappointedthatitdidn’tlastatinybitlonger.2009湖北disappointingadj令人失望的；令人掃興的：adisappointingexamresult分詞形容詞表示人的感受表示人/物給人帶來的感受【溫故】必修一U2disappointmentn

[U]失望；沮喪：Shecouldn’thideherdisappointmentwhenhedidn’tturnup.Iknewweweregoingtowin,buttomydisappointmentweweredefeated.2018天津

[C]令人失望的人；令人掃興的事情：Theperformancewasabigdisappointmenttous.詞族：disappoint,disappointed,disappointing,disappointment抽象名詞具體化類似“toone’s+情感類抽象名詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)有：toone’ssurprise/relief等本單元的詞根詞綴說出下列單詞的詞根詞綴的漢語釋義。1.Allourprojectsaimtopromotethedevelopmentofpoorandremotecommunities（社區(qū)）.（2019北京）promote：pro-（forward__________）+mot（tomove移動）+-e→使向前移動→__________2.TheInternetjoinsinourdailyevents,extendingourintelligence,andexpandingtherangeofsocialactivities.（2016江蘇改）expand：ex-（out向外）+pand（tospread__________）→使向外展開→__________3.Thismagazinemakescomplexideasattractiveandaccessibletochildren.（2017北京改）complex：com-（together一起）+plex（toweave編織）→__________在一起的

→__________向前促進展開擴大復雜的編織4.Allofasudden,awarmfeelingofsympathyroseupinmyheart.（2014重慶）sympathy：sym-（together共同）+pathy（feeling__________）→和某人有著共同的感情→__________5.Thedevelopmentofindustryhasbeenagradualprocessthroughouthumanexistence,fromstonetoolstomoderntechnology.（2012浙江改）gradual：gradu-（step__________）+-al（形容詞后綴）→一步一步的→__________感情同情步/級逐漸的本單元金句匯總1.Goodlisteningcanshowrespect,promoteunderstanding,andimproveinterpersonalrelationship.2008江蘇書面表達改2.Heinsisted(that)theproblem(should)bediscussedatthemeeting.3.IlovetechnologyandtrytokeepupwithitsoIcanrelateto

mystudents.4.The“newfourgreatinventions”areallrelatedtoChina’shigh-techinnovation.5.Graspall,loseall.6.I’vealwayshadagoodgraspofEnglishlanguagethankstomymumwhostartedmereadingwhenIwasverylittle.2012湖北7.Itsoonbecameapparenttoeveryonethathecouldn’tsing.8.Weweredeeply/terriblydisappointedtofindthemuseumwasclosed.

隨堂檢測promote一、寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.Allourprojectsaimtopromotethedevelopmentofpoorandremotecommunities.（2019北京）

______________2.Whilewaitingforthechancetogetpromoted,Henrydidhisbesttodohisduty.（2014安徽改）______________3.IntheMiddleAges,merchantsemployed“towncriers”（街頭公告員）toreadpublicmessagesaloudtopromotetheirgoods.（2011全國）___________二、在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1.Sheworkedhardandwassoon___________(promote).2.Thenewjobis___________promotionforhim.3.Herpromotion___________SalesManagertookeveryonebysurprise.促進晉升推銷promotedatoinsist將下列句子譯成英語。1.我堅決要求立即答復。____________________________________________2.老師堅持要每個學生都來參加聚會。__________________________________________________3.他堅持認為自己是對的。__________________________________________________Iinsistonanimmediateanswer.Theteacherinsisted(that)everystudent(should)cometotheparty.Heinsistedthathewasright.evaluate寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.Ican’tevaluatehisabilitywithoutseeinghiswork. ___________2.Theschoolhasonlybeenopenforsixmonths,soit’shardtoevaluateitssuccess. ___________3.Don’talwaysdemandothersandnotevaluateyourself. ___________4.Weneedtocarryoutaproperevaluationofthenewsystem. ___________評估估計評價自己/自我檢討評價寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。severe1.TheUSfacessevereeconomicproblems.________2.Shewasasevere

womanwhoseldomsmiled.________3.Thenegotiations（談判）willbeaseveretestofabilities.________

嚴重的嚴厲的嚴峻的relate一、根據(jù)句意寫出畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.IlovetechnologyandtrytokeepupwithitsoIcanrelateto

mystudents.（2011北京）

___________2.Helaterrelated

thewholestorytome.___________二、在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1.Thechapterrelates_______________theeffectsoftheInternetonteenagers.2.Wealthisseldom_______________(relate)tohapp