Unit4 LESSON3 - READING CLUB2 詞匯精講課堂

詞匯課堂版本：新北師單元：必修二Unit4(LESSON3—READINGCLUB2)本單元詞匯梳理1.harm：派生詞：harmless,harmful2.argument：argue+-ment；熟詞生義：論據(jù)詞塊：haveanargumentwithsb=arguewithsbargue熟詞生義：論證(arguefor/against)argue詞塊：arguewithsbabout/oversth3.replace：re-(back,again)+place(v放置)，放回去→替代=totake theplaceof4.concentrate：con-(together共同)+center(集中)+-ate→使集中

詞塊：concentrateon5.concerned：concern+-ed(分詞形容詞）

詞塊：beconcernedwith/about/for,asfaras…beconcerned6.rewarding：reward+-ing7.addition：add+-tion

詞族：add,addition,additional,additionally詞塊：inaddition(to)8.percent：亦作percent，單復(fù)數(shù)相同 percentof+名詞/代詞”作主語(yǔ)，名詞/代詞為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，

謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；名詞為不可數(shù)名詞或代詞為單數(shù)時(shí)，謂

語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。9.opinion：詞塊：have/holdanopinion,askfor/seeksb’sopinion,in sb’sopinion,haveahigh/low/good/pooropinionof10.focus：詞源：來自拉丁語(yǔ)fireplace，壁爐。古羅馬時(shí)代壁爐邊

即focus被認(rèn)為是家庭生活的中心，引申為

“集中點(diǎn)”“中心點(diǎn)”。

詞塊：focuson11.maintain：main(=man-,hand手)+-tain(tohold拿)→用手拿→維持12.smartphone：smart+phone13.limiting：詞族：limit—limitation—limiting—limited14.brief：詞塊：inbrief；派生詞：briefly15.creative&creativity：詞族：create,creative,creatively,creativity—creator16.authority：author+ity；同義詞：specialist

詞塊：inauthority17.profile：pro-(forth向前)+fil(drawoutaline畫出線條)+-e→向前畫出人或物的線條

→“側(cè)面”“輪廓”18.location：詞族：locate—located—location19.option：比choice稍正式詞塊：havenooptionbuttodosth

派生詞：optional20.imaginary：imagine+-ary

詞族：imagine—imaginary—imaginative21.series：詞塊：TVseries,aseriesof22.author：同義詞：writer23.amazing：amaze+-ing(分詞形容詞)

詞族：amaze,amazed,amazing,amazement,amazingly24.privacy：private(adj)+-cy

構(gòu)詞法：private—privately—privacy25.accessible：access+-ibleargument一詞多義replaceconcentrate一詞多義content一詞多義搭配義一詞多義basis搭配義opinionfocus重難點(diǎn)詞精講maintainauthority表示感受類的分詞形容詞一詞多義搭配義一詞多義搭配義一詞多義英語(yǔ)釋義熟詞生義argument

談到“argument”一詞，你可能會(huì)聯(lián)想到怒氣沖沖的人在“爭(zhēng)吵”的畫面?！盃?zhēng)論；爭(zhēng)吵”是你熟悉的argument的釋義，但它還有另外一層釋義——“論據(jù)”,從某種程度上說，是常見釋義“爭(zhēng)論”在程度上的加深。通過其英語(yǔ)釋義（areasonorsetofreasonsthatsbusestoshowthatsthistrueorcorrect）即“用來證明某事是真的或正確的理由”，也可以更好地理解這層釋義。argue

v

vi爭(zhēng)論；爭(zhēng)辯；爭(zhēng)吵：argue(withsb)(about/oversth)DoyoueverarguewithyourfamilyaboutwhichTVprogrammetowatch?GuncontrolisasubjectaboutwhichAmericanshavearguedforalongtime.2009陜西

vi&vt

論證

togivereasonsthatsupportyouropinionaboutsth：Theauthorarguedfor/against

freeuniversityeducation.

2010北京改Ithasbeenarguedbysomethatgiftedchildrenshouldbegroupedinspecialclasses.2011廣東語(yǔ)義程度遞進(jìn)argumentn

[C]&[U]爭(zhēng)吵；爭(zhēng)論；辯論：haveanargument(withsb)(about/oversth)（就某事）（與某人）發(fā)生爭(zhēng)論/爭(zhēng)吵Igotintoanargumentwithafriend.2013重慶改Settlethequestionbyargument,notbyfight.

[C]論據(jù)；理由；論點(diǎn)：Thisparagraphgivestheargumentsagainstcars.Weallfoundhisargumentconvincingandinteresting.replace詞源解讀：replace由re-+place(v)→torestoretoapreviousplaceorposition，恢復(fù)到以前的位置→“把……放回原處”replacevt

把……放回原處：Replacethemagazinesafterreading.

取代；接替；更換：Personally,Ithinkstoreshoppingwillexistalongwithonlineshoppingbutwillneverbereplaced.2011安徽改ThestudentunionwillholdaspecialmeetinginJanuarytohiresomeonetoreplacethesecretary.We’dbehappytoreplacetheradioforyou.replace...with/by用……替換：Theyreplacedtheirbelovedoldcarswithexpensivenewsportscars.2015浙江?replacementn[U]更換；更替；[C]替換的人/物：Talkingonlineisnoreplacementforface-to-facecontact.生活中的concentrate

當(dāng)我們喝進(jìn)口果汁的時(shí)候可以注意下商標(biāo)，上面往往有“applejuiceconcentrate”“grapejuiceconcentrate”等，那么大家知道concentrate在這里是什么意思嗎？濃縮concentrate詞源解讀：concentrate是由con-(together共同,一起)+center+-ate構(gòu)成，來到一個(gè)共同的中心→“（使）集中”。concentrate■

vt&vi

（使）聚集于；（使）濃縮：Italianindustryisconcentratedmainlyinthenorth.

專心；集中（注意力、思想等）：Whenwemissanight’ssleep,wefindithardthenextdaytoconcentrateandlearnnewinformation.“集中”具體的人或物“集中”抽象的時(shí)間精力等同義異構(gòu)：focusconcentrate(sth)on(doing)sth:Wemustconcentrateoureffortsonimprovingeducation.Whenyouconcentrateononetaskyoucangetitdonefasterandbetter.■

n[C]&[U]濃縮物；濃縮液：orangejuiceconcentrate?concentratedadj

濃縮的；聚集的；全神貫注的【詞匯拓展】concentrationn[C]&[U]集中；專心：Concentrationonyourstudieswillresultingoodgrades.Drivingrequirestotalconcentration.concentrate語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖（使）聚集于（使）濃縮專心；集中（注意力、思想等）（使）集中concentrate基本義使人或物“集中”使液體等“集中”使時(shí)間、精力等“集中”具體到抽象一物到另一物belostindevoteoneselftofocusonbeoccupiedinbeabsorbedindevote…tobeinvolvedinbeengagedinbededicatedtoburyoneselfinbeemployedindoingsth寫作同義異構(gòu)：你還能想到哪些表示“專注于/致力于做某事”的表達(dá)？前綴詞根單詞con-(together)-tribute:貢品、貢金contribute貢獻(xiàn)-duct:tolead引導(dǎo)conduct引導(dǎo)；帶領(lǐng)-flict:tostrike擊打conflict戰(zhàn)斗；沖突-tain:tohold拿contain包含；容納-nect:toblind連接connect連接；連結(jié)-struct:tobuildconstruct建筑；構(gòu)筑-tact:totouch接觸contact觸碰；接觸-tract:todraw拉contract縮?。皇湛s-test:tobearwitness見證contest比賽；競(jìng)爭(zhēng)-text:toweave編織context上下文；語(yǔ)境單詞串串記——前綴con-content高考鏈接根據(jù)所給漢語(yǔ)，完成句子。Andy_____________________________thetoy.Itisthebesthehasevergot.（2015四川）issatisfiedwith/iscontentwithcontent1

■

adj［不用于名詞前］滿意的；滿足的happyandsatisfied：Happyishewhoiscontent.2013天津(be)contentwith:Iamcontentwithsecondplace,becauseIknowthatItriedmyhardest.Notcontentwithabighouse,alovingfamily,Selinastilltriestobuildherowncareer.

(be)content(forsb)todosth樂得（讓某人）做某事；滿足于（讓某人）做某事(willingtodosth)：Sheiscontenttolivequietlybyherself.■

n[U]滿意；滿足toone’sheart’scontent盡情地；心滿意足地

basisbasisn[C](plbases)根據(jù)；基礎(chǔ)：onaregularbasis

Naismithlaterwrote13ruleswhicharethebasisofmodernbasketballrules.Onthebasisofthosefacts,wecanreachthefollowingconclusion.喬治·戈登·拜倫（GeorgeGordonByron，1788—1824），是英國(guó)19世紀(jì)初期偉大的浪漫主義詩(shī)人（aromanticpoet），代表作品有《恰爾德·哈洛爾德游記》（ChildeHarold’sPilgrimage）、《唐璜》（DonJuan）等。他不僅是一位偉大的詩(shī)人，還是一個(gè)為理想戰(zhàn)斗一生的勇士，積極而勇敢地投身革命，參加了希臘民族解放運(yùn)動(dòng)，并成為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人之一。opinionOpinionsaremadetobechanged—orhowistruthtobegotat?—GeorgeGordonByron觀念生來就是要被改變的，否則真理如何產(chǎn)生呢？

[C]意見；看法；主張whatyouthinkaboutsb/sth(view)：have/holdanopinionaskfor/seeksb’sopinionexpress/give/offer

/voice

anopinionInmyopinion,learningEnglishisastep-by-stepprocess.Iwaswonderingifyoucouldshareyouropinionabout/onthistopic.I’vechangedmyopinionofher.opinionn個(gè)人的“意見”

[U]（群體的）觀點(diǎn)；輿論whatpeopleingeneralthinkaboutsth：legal/medicalopinionPublicopinionisinfavourofchange.

[C]專家意見；專業(yè)意見：getalawyer’sopiniononthequestionI’dlikeasecondopinion(=advicefromanotherperson)beforeImakeadecision.haveahigh/low/good/pooropinionof對(duì)……評(píng)價(jià)高/低/好/差群體的“意見”專家的“意見”個(gè)人的“意見”群體的“意見”專家的“意見”意見；看法；主張觀點(diǎn)；輿論專家意見；專業(yè)意見opinion語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖意見opinion

基本義focus詞源來自拉丁語(yǔ)fireplace，壁爐。古羅馬時(shí)代壁爐邊即focus被認(rèn)為是家庭生活的中心，引申為“集中點(diǎn)”“中心點(diǎn)”。focusfocus■

n[C]&[U](plfocuses/foci)

焦點(diǎn)；焦距：Thefocusonmycameraisn’tworkingproperly.

中心點(diǎn)；關(guān)注點(diǎn)：Thefocusofattentionhaschanged.Weshallmaintainourfocusontheneedsofthecustomer.comeintofocus成為焦點(diǎn)infocus焦點(diǎn)對(duì)準(zhǔn)的；清晰的outoffocus焦點(diǎn)未對(duì)準(zhǔn)的；模糊不清的成像的中心點(diǎn)注意力的中心點(diǎn)focus■

vt&vi

（使）調(diào)節(jié)焦距；調(diào)節(jié)（……的）焦距：SheturnedthecameraandfocusedonMartin’sface.

（使）集中（注意力、精力等）：Theotherteamwasbrilliantandwereallyhadtofocus.focus(...)on/upon集中（……）于；聚焦（……）于：Youshouldstopfocusingonwhomtoblameandstartfocusingonhowtoimprovethesituation.2010廣東改Byfocusingonsavingoil,water,paper,food,andclothing,weareplayingapartincuttingdownonwaste.2014福建?focus(s)edadj

注意力集中的：Anxiousallthetime,Iwasunabletokeepfocusedformorethananhouratatime.2016北京maintain詞源解讀：maintain由man-(hand，手)+-tain(tohold，拿著)構(gòu)成，用手拿著→“維持”“保持”。maintainR3

vt

保持；維持tomakesthcontinueatthesamelevel,standard,etc.：Socialmediatoolsletusseewhatourfriendsareuptoandmaintainfriendships.

維護(hù)；保養(yǎng)tokeepsthingoodconditionbycheckingandrepairingit：maintainmachinery

Heisresponsibleformaintainingallthebuildings.

堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為tokeepsayingthatsthistrueevenwhenothersdisagreeordonotbelieveit(insist)：He

maintainedthatsuchthingsshouldneverbedoneagain.

maintain語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖維持;保持maintain（基本義）“維持”抽象事物“維持”具體事物保持；維持維護(hù)；保養(yǎng)堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為“維持”觀點(diǎn)authority詞源解讀

在古歐洲，能解決爭(zhēng)端的書或文章等都是有權(quán)威的，而能寫出這些書籍和文章的人即作者也都是很有權(quán)威的人。在歷史發(fā)展過程中，由“有權(quán)威的篇章”這一具體的概念衍生出抽象釋義“權(quán)威；權(quán)力”等。authority的各層釋義都與“權(quán)威”有關(guān)，故各釋義衍生的基礎(chǔ)即基本義為“權(quán)威”。author(n

作者)+-ityauthorityn

[C]權(quán)威人士；專家；泰斗(specialist)：Heisanauthorityonvocabulary.

[U]權(quán)威；權(quán)力；當(dāng)權(quán)thepowertogiveorderstopeople：Teenagers,whentheygrowup,begintoquestiontheirparents’authorityandwisdom.InSingapore,rankisimportantandauthorityisrespected.2014浙江改CouldIspeaktosomeonein

authority

(=whohasapositionofpower)here,please?

[U]（正式的）許可；授權(quán)theofficialrightorpermissiontodosth：Noonemayenterwithoutmyauthority.

[C]［常用復(fù)數(shù)］官方；當(dāng)局：healthauthorities

Wereportedthetrainaccidenttotheauthorities.隨堂檢測(cè)一、寫出下列句子中畫線詞的漢語(yǔ)釋義。1.ItisnousearguingwithBillbecausehewillneverchangehismind. ______________2.Somepeoplechoosenottoeatmeatbecausetheybelievethatitiscrueltoeatanimals,butothersarguethattheycaneatmeatandstillbekindtoanimals.（2012廣東） ______________3.Sarahpretendedtobecheerful,sayingnothingabouttheargument.（2011全國(guó)） ______________4.Hisstrongargumentspersuadedmetoaccepthisconclusions. ______________argument爭(zhēng)論/爭(zhēng)吵論證/爭(zhēng)辯爭(zhēng)論/爭(zhēng)吵論據(jù)/理由二、在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1.Theyhaveargued___________eachotherforyears___________thebestwaytogrowpotatoes.2.Whenyoupresentreasonswhyyoubelieveinsomething,youargue________it.3.Fatherargued___________anincreaseinmypocketmoney.His___________(argue)isthatIusedtospendallmypocketmoneyonclothesandsnacks4.Thechildhadanargument___________hisfriend___________whatgametoplay.against

with

about/overforargumentwith

about/over一、寫出下列句子中畫線詞的漢語(yǔ)釋義。1.ThehouseIgrewupinhasbeentakendownandreplacedbyanofficebuilding.（2009江西） ____________2.Youmayreadanyofthesemagazines,onlyyoumustreplaceitafterreading. ____________二、在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1.Itisstillunderdiscussionwhethertheoldbusstationshouldbereplaced___________amodernhotelornot.（2011重慶）2.Mymagicwaterbottlewillbea___________(replace)ofthetraditionalonewhichcanchangethetemperatureoftheinsidewaterautomatically（自動(dòng)地）accordingtothechangesoftheouterenvironment.（2014湖南）

取代放回原處with/byreplacementreplace一、在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1.Listeningwellalsorequirestotal____________(concentrate).（2013江西）2.Hemadea___________(concentrate)efforttoimprovework.（2011上海）3.Tobeeffective,youneedtoidentifyyourstrengthsandconcentrate________them.（2009浙江）concentrationconcentrated

onconcentrate二、根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示，完成句子。1.Bequiet—letme_______________（專心做）myhomework.2.Inthatcountry,women_______________（集中在）asmallnumberofoccupations.

3.I’m___________________________（集中精力于）writingabook.

concentrateonconcentratein

concentratingmyeffortson寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語(yǔ)釋義。1.Thecalorie（卡路里）contentinthisicecreamisveryhigh. __________2.Iamverycontentwithmylifeatpresent. __________3.Abagwithitspreciouscontentswasmissing. __________4.Thecontentofyouressayisexcellent,butit’snotverywellexpressed. __________5.Wecannotgoabroadthisyear,sowe’llhavetocontentourselveswithaholidayinLondon. __________6.Youcanreadtoyourheart’scontentinthelibrary. __________content含量滿意/滿足東西/物品主要內(nèi)容使?jié)M足/使?jié)M意盡情地寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語(yǔ)釋義。1.Honestyisthebasisoffriendship. __________2.We’regoingtobemeetingthereonaregularbasis.

__________3.Shewaschosenforthejobonthebasisofherqualifications（資歷）andideas. __________4.Onthebasisof

evidencewededuced（推斷）thathewasguilty. __________5.Thisarticlewillformthebasisforourdiscussion. __________basis友誼的基礎(chǔ)定期地/經(jīng)常地由于/因?yàn)楦鶕?jù)作為……的基礎(chǔ)一、翻譯下列詞塊。1.在某人看來_________________________2.征求某人的意見_________________________3.某人的個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)_________________________二、根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示，完成下列句子。1)Everyonehastherightto_________________________（表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)）.2)Themediahasapowerfulinfluenceon_______________（輿論）.3)Whetherornotthisisusefulis__________________（看法問題）.ask(for)/seeksb’sopinionsb’spersonalopinionpublicopinionopinioninsb’sopinionexpressanopinion/anideaamatterofopinionfocus寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語(yǔ)釋義。1.Thebookfocuseson

bigquestions:Whathassciencerevealed(揭露)abouthumannature?（2015湖北）