DB50-T918-2019-旱地套作小麥生產(chǎn)技術(shù)規(guī)程-重慶市

ICS65.020B05DB50重慶市地方標(biāo)準(zhǔn)DB50/T918—2019旱地套作小麥生產(chǎn)技術(shù)規(guī)程Productiontechnologyregulationforwheatindrylandintercropping重慶市市場(chǎng)監(jiān)督管理局發(fā)布DB50/T918—2019目??次前言.....................................................................................................................................................................II范圍.................................................................................................................................................................112規(guī)范性引用文件.............................................................................................................................................13術(shù)語(yǔ)與定義.....................................................................................................................................................14群體結(jié)構(gòu)和產(chǎn)量目標(biāo).....................................................................................................................................15栽培技術(shù).........................................................................................................................................................15.1品種選擇.................................................................................................................................................15.2種子質(zhì)量和種子處理.............................................................................................................................15.3耕作整地.................................................................................................................................................25.4播種.........................................................................................................................................................25.4.1播期.................................................................................................................................................25.4.2播量.................................................................................................................................................25.4.3播種方式.........................................................................................................................................25.4.4科學(xué)施肥.........................................................................................................................................2苗期管理.................................................................................................................................................25.5.1抗旱防澇保苗.................................................................................................................................2苗期除草.........................................................................................................................................2追施苗肥.........................................................................................................................................2控旺防倒.........................................................................................................................................25.5.25.5.35.5.45.5.5凍害補(bǔ)救.........................................................................................................................................35.5.6病蟲(chóng)防控.........................................................................................................................................35.6穗期管理.................................................................................................................................................35.6.1低溫冷害補(bǔ)救.................................................................................................................................35.6.2條銹病和白粉病防控.....................................................................................................................35.6.3赤霉病防控.....................................................................................................................................35.6.4蟲(chóng)害防控.........................................................................................................................................35.6.5保葉增重.........................................................................................................................................35.6.6中后期“一噴多防”.....................................................................................................................35.7適時(shí)收獲.................................................................................................................................................3IDB50/T918—2019前??言本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)按照GB/T1.1-2009給出的規(guī)則起草。本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)由重慶市農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村委員會(huì)提出并歸口。本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)起草單位：重慶市農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院。本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)主要起草人員：高志宏，周鳳云，楊德，榮曉椒，馬強(qiáng)，楊明，李伯群，唐世江，羅紹岳，任泓鋼，康山杰，唐定富，周愛(ài)平，譚恢宇。IIDB50/T918—2019旱地套作小麥生產(chǎn)技術(shù)規(guī)程1范圍本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定了重慶市旱地套作小麥實(shí)現(xiàn)抗逆高產(chǎn)目標(biāo)的品種選擇、整地播種、生產(chǎn)管理、適時(shí)收獲等生產(chǎn)技術(shù)要求。本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)適用于重慶市旱地套作小麥生產(chǎn)區(qū)域。2規(guī)范性引用文件下列文件對(duì)于本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的應(yīng)用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件，僅所注日期的版本適用于本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改單）適用于本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。GB1351小麥GB2715食品安全國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)糧食GB4404.1糧食作物種子第1部分：禾谷類(lèi)GB8231農(nóng)藥合理使用準(zhǔn)則GB/T35238小麥條銹病防治技術(shù)規(guī)范NY/T496肥料合理使用準(zhǔn)則通則NY/T1276農(nóng)藥安全使用規(guī)范旱地套作drylandintercropping4每667m基本苗6萬(wàn)～8萬(wàn)，最高苗15萬(wàn)～20萬(wàn)，有效穗12萬(wàn)～15萬(wàn)。每穗粒數(shù)40?！?5粒，千粒重242g～50g，每667m產(chǎn)量200kg～280kg。2應(yīng)為通過(guò)重慶市或國(guó)家品種審定委員會(huì)審定，適宜重慶旱地套作生態(tài)特點(diǎn)的耐旱、耐瘠、抗病小麥1DB50/T918—20195.2種子質(zhì)量和種子處理優(yōu)先選擇由種子企業(yè)生產(chǎn)銷(xiāo)售的質(zhì)量符合GB4404.1規(guī)定指標(biāo)的小麥良種。純度≥99.0%，凈度≥99.0%，發(fā)芽率≥85.0%，水分≤13.0%。對(duì)于自留種子，應(yīng)在播種前選擇晴天晾曬1d～2d，進(jìn)行發(fā)芽試驗(yàn)。對(duì)沒(méi)有包衣的種子，播種前選擇適宜殺蟲(chóng)劑（如吡蟲(chóng)啉）、殺菌劑（如三唑酮、三唑醇、咯菌腈、苯醚甲環(huán)唑等）一起拌種，重點(diǎn)防治小麥蚜蟲(chóng)、多種地下害蟲(chóng)以及苗期白粉病、銹病和全蝕病。5.3耕作整地前茬收后及時(shí)整地開(kāi)廂，采用2m規(guī)格開(kāi)廂，對(duì)等分帶，一帶種小麥，一帶預(yù)留種玉米（高粱或大豆）（此帶在秋冬季可種植一季短季蔬菜）。適時(shí)對(duì)小麥種植帶進(jìn)行整地。人工翻挖，或微耕機(jī)旋耕1～2遍，耙細(xì)耙平，以利播種。丘陵坡耕地?zé)o法使用大型耕整機(jī)具，秸稈很難實(shí)現(xiàn)翻埋還田，可在播種之后，將秸稈鍘細(xì)覆蓋于小麥行間或預(yù)留行內(nèi)。5.4播種5.4.1播期適宜播期10月25日～11月10日。5.4.2播量每667m5.4.3播種方式套作小麥種植帶上，采用人工撬窩或條溝點(diǎn)播，種植4行～5行，小窩疏株密植，行距20cm～25cm、2播種量4kg～5kg。窩距15cm～18cm，每窩播種子8粒～10粒。播后用渣肥或糞水澆窩蓋種，或鏟細(xì)土掩蓋，以防鼠雀危害。采用帶式機(jī)播技術(shù)，在100cm寬的小麥種植帶上，用2B-4型或2B-5型帶式播種機(jī)播種4行～5行，播種深度3cm～4cm。一般每667m施純氮5kg，磷肥（P2O5）3kg，鉀肥（K2O）3kg。氮肥70%作底肥，30%作分蘗肥施2播后注意土壤墑情變化，如遇干旱，應(yīng)及時(shí)澆灌，多雨季節(jié)注意疏通“三溝”排漬水，避免漬害；出苗后發(fā)現(xiàn)缺窩斷壟的，應(yīng)及時(shí)補(bǔ)播催芽種子，以保全苗。小麥2葉期至拔節(jié)期前視田間雜草種類(lèi)和數(shù)量選用高效、低毒、低殘留麥田專(zhuān)用除草劑噴施除草。2DB50/T918—2019播種偏早、播種量過(guò)大，有旺長(zhǎng)跡象的地塊，于分蘗期至拔節(jié)初期噴施植物生長(zhǎng)調(diào)節(jié)劑或多效唑等，以控旺防倒。5.5.5凍害補(bǔ)救麥苗凍害發(fā)生后，應(yīng)立即采取澆水、施肥、中耕等補(bǔ)救措施，增溫保墑，緩解凍害，視苗情每667m2追施尿素3kg～5kg