英語（人教版選修7）課件unit5section4Grammar

Unit5

TravellingabroadSectionⅣ

Grammar一、非限制性定語從句的概念非限制性定語從句的作用是對(duì)所修飾的成分作進(jìn)一步說明，通常和主句間用逗號(hào)隔開。非限制性定語從句Heoftencomestoschoollate，whichmakeshisteacherangry.他經(jīng)常上課遲到，這使得他的老師很生氣。Sheeatstoomuch，whichmakesherheavierandheavier.她吃得太多，這使她越來越胖。二、非限制性定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞1．關(guān)系代詞which先行詞通常是指物的名詞或代詞，其中先行詞還可以是短語或整個(gè)句子。Thevilla，whichwesawyesterday，isverybeautiful.我們昨天看的別墅很漂亮。(which指代thevilla)Tomwasalwayslateforschool，whichmadehisteacherangry.湯姆上學(xué)總是遲到，這一點(diǎn)令他的老師很生氣。(which指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容)2．關(guān)系代詞who，whom與whose先行詞指人時(shí)，who在引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句中作主語，whom作賓語，whose作定語。Bob’sfather，whoworkedontheproject，spentfouryearsinEgypt.鮑勃的父親從事這項(xiàng)工程，在埃及度過了四年。(who作主語)Ayoungmanhadanewgirlfriend，whomhewantedtoimpress.一個(gè)年輕的小伙子新交了一個(gè)女朋友，他想給她留下深刻的印象。(whom作賓語)

as與which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)的區(qū)別項(xiàng)目aswhich指代指代整個(gè)主句所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容。既可指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容，又可指代主句的一部分。位置as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句可以放在主句之前、句中或主句之后。which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之后。意義as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)，常常有“正如，正像，關(guān)于這一點(diǎn)”的含義，從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞常常是know，say，expect，hope，remember，report等。which引導(dǎo)的從句常說明主句的情況，和主句往往有邏輯上的因果關(guān)系。which的意思相當(dāng)于andthis。Asweknow，smokingisharmfultoone’shealth.眾所周知，吸煙有害健康。(as引導(dǎo)定語從句，位于句首，指代整個(gè)主句內(nèi)容)AllenhasmademuchprogressinEnglish，whichdelightedus.艾倫英語取得了很大進(jìn)步，這使我們很高興。(which引導(dǎo)定語從句，相當(dāng)于andthis，表示因果關(guān)系)3．非限制性定語從句不能用why引導(dǎo)，要用forwhich代替whyIhavetoldhimthereason，forwhichImissedtheearlybus.我沒能趕上早班車，我已經(jīng)告訴了他原因。三、非限制性定語從句中的“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”既可以用于引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，也可以用于引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句；當(dāng)先行詞表示地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間時(shí)，其還可以與關(guān)系副詞where，when轉(zhuǎn)換。注意：在非限制性定語從句中forwhich不可以用why代替。IstillrememberJanuary10th，onwhich/whenhecametoseeme.我仍然記得1月10日，那一天他來看我了。(onwhich引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，相當(dāng)于when)TheythankedTom，withoutwhosesupporttheywouldnothavesucceeded.他們對(duì)湯姆表示了感謝，因?yàn)闆]有他的支持他們就不會(huì)成功。(“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞＋名詞”引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句)四、限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別區(qū)別限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句形式與先行詞之間不用逗號(hào)隔開。與先行詞之間一般用逗號(hào)隔開。功能與先行詞的關(guān)系十分密切，限制先行詞的意義。如果去掉該從句，剩余部分的意思往往不完整，甚至失去意義。是先行詞的附加說明，如去掉，句子剩余部分的意思仍然完整。先行詞先行詞一般為單個(gè)的名詞或代詞。先行詞既可為單個(gè)的名詞或代詞，也可為整個(gè)句子或其中一部分。區(qū)別限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句引導(dǎo)詞可用所有的關(guān)系代詞/副詞引導(dǎo)，且關(guān)系代詞作賓語時(shí)可省略。在所有的關(guān)系詞中不能用that或why引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，并且其他引導(dǎo)詞不能省略。翻譯常譯成前置定語。常譯成并列的分句。Thehouse，whichweboughtlastmonth，liesinthecenterofthecity.那套房子位于市中心，是我們上個(gè)月買的。(非限制性定語從句，不表明有多少套房子)Thehouse(which/that)weboughtlastmonthliesinthecenterofthecity.我們上個(gè)月買的那套房子位于市中心。(限制性定語從句，暗含“可能有若干套房子”之意)Ⅰ.在下列句中填入恰當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞1．(2017·天津高考改編)Myeldestson，_________worktakeshimallovertheworld，isinNewYorkatthemoment.2．WheneverImether，____________wasfairlyoften，shegreetedmewithasweetsmile.3．Just_____afamoussayinggoes，everycoinhastwosides.4．Thefamousfootballer，in____________honourapartywillbeheld，istoarrivethisafternoon.whosewhichaswhose5．___isreportedinthenewspaper，aseriousaccidenthashappenedrecently.6．Theownerpaidtheworkerforcleaningthewholebuilding，mostof_____hadn’tbeencleanedforatleastonemonth.7．Ishallneverforgetthoseyears______Ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmers，_________hasagreateffectonmylife.8．Herfatherworksinafactory，_________hemakescars.9．Theoldladyhastwodaughters，oneof_____isworkingabroad.10．Thisisoneofthereasons_____youhavetogiveitup.AswhichwhenwhichwherewhomwhyⅡ.完成句子1．(2016·浙江高考改編)Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrytears，____________

(其中沒有一個(gè))hasbeenproved.2．(2016·江蘇高考改編)Manyyoungpeople，____________

(其中大部分人)werewell－educated，headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.3．(2015·北京高考改編)OppositeistheSt.Paul’schurch，________________________________.(在那里你能聽到優(yōu)美的音樂)．none

of

whichmost

of

whomwhere

you

can

hear

some

lovely

music4．(2014·北京高考改編)IborrowedthebookSherlock

Holmesfromthelibrarylastweek，_________________________________

(這是我的同學(xué)推薦給我的)．5．(2014·浙江高考改編)Ididn’tbecomeaseriousclimberuntilthefifthgrade__________________________________________________________(那時(shí)，我爬到樹上去拿一只被掛在樹枝上的風(fēng)箏)．6．Wehavelaunchedanotherman－madesatellite，_____________________________________

(這是在今天的報(bào)紙上宣布的)．which

my

classmates

recommended

to

mewhen

I

went

up

to

rescue

a

kite

that

was

stuckin

the

branches

of

a

treeas/which

is

announced

in

today’s

newspaper7.Thereisnosimpleanswer，__________________________

(在科學(xué)上情況通常是這樣)．8．Onthesecondfloortherearetworooms，_______________________________________

(其中較大的那個(gè)被用作會(huì)議室)．9．Helenismuchkindertoheryoungestchildthantotheothers，which，ofcourse，___________________________

(使得其余人不高興)．a(chǎn)s

is

often

the

case

in

sciencethe

larger

of

which

is

used

as

a

meeting

roommakes

the

others

unhappy10．IntheofficeIneverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5：30pm，____________________________________

(那時(shí)許多人都已到家了)．11．Heisconfident，which，inmyopinion，_________________________________

(在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)非常重要)．12．Thefactisthateveryonehastogrowupandmature，________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(隨之而來的是一些成長(zhǎng)的煩惱)．by

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