IPC87012014FinalAcceptanceCriteriaStandardPVModulesFinalModuleAssembly（光伏組件最終驗收標(biāo)準(zhǔn)-最終組件組裝）

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IPC-8701

2014-June

FinalAcceptanceCriteriaStandardforPVModules-Final

ModuleAssembly

AstandarddevelopedbyIPC

AssociationConnectingElectronicsIndustries

?

ThePrinciplesofStandardization

InMay1995theIPC’sTechnicalActivitiesExecutiveCommittee(TAEC)adoptedPrinciplesofStandardizationasaguidingprincipleofIPC’sstandardizationefforts.

StandardsShould:

ShowrelationshiptoDesignforManufacturability(DFM)andDesignfortheEnvironment(DFE)

Minimizetimetomarket

Containsimple(simplified)language

Justincludespecinformation

Focusonendproductperformance

Includeafeedbacksystemonuseandproblemsforfutureimprovement

StandardsShouldNot:

Inhibitinnovation

Increasetime-to-market

Keeppeopleout

Increasecycletime

Tellyouhowtomakesomething

Containanythingthatcannotbedefendedwithdata

Notice IPCStandardsandPublicationsaredesignedtoservethepublicinterestthrougheliminatingmis-understandingsbetweenmanufacturersandpurchasers,facilitatinginterchangeabilityandimprove-mentofproducts,andassistingthepurchaserinselectingandobtainingwithminimumdelaytheproperproductforhisparticularneed.ExistenceofsuchStandardsandPublicationsshallnotinanyrespectprecludeanymemberornonmemberofIPCfrommanufacturingorsellingproductsnotconformingtosuchStandardsandPublication,norshalltheexistenceofsuchStandardsandPublicationsprecludetheirvoluntaryusebythoseotherthanIPCmembers,whetherthestandardistobeusedeitherdomesticallyorinternationally.

RecommendedStandardsandPublicationsareadoptedbyIPCwithoutregardtowhethertheiradop-tionmayinvolvepatentsonarticles,materials,orprocesses.Bysuchaction,IPCdoesnotassumeanyliabilitytoanypatentowner,nordotheyassumeanyobligationwhatevertopartiesadoptingtheRecommendedStandardorPublication.Usersarealsowhollyresponsibleforprotectingthem-selvesagainstallclaimsofliabilitiesforpatentinfringement.

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Whyisthereachargefor

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Yourpurchaseofthisdocumentcontributestotheongoingdevelopmentofnewandupdatedindus-trystandardsandpublications.Standardsallowmanufacturers,customers,andsupplierstounder-standoneanotherbetter.Standardsallowmanufacturersgreaterefficiencieswhentheycanset

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?

IPC-8701

FinalAcceptanceCriteriaStandard

forPVModules-FinalModuleAssembly

DevelopedbytheVisualAcceptanceCriteriaforSolarPanel-FinalModuleAssemblySubcommittee(E-15)oftheIPCPVModuleTechnicalStandardsCommittee(E-10)ofIPC

Usersofthispublicationareencouragedtoparticipateinthedevelopmentoffuturerevisions.

Contact:

IPC

3000LakesideDrive,Suite309SBannockburn,Illinois

60015-1249

Tel847615.7100

Fax847615.7105

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Acknowledgment

Anydocumentinvolvingacomplextechnologydrawsmaterialfromavastnumberofsources.WhiletheprincipalmembersoftheVisualAcceptanceCriteriaforSolarPanel-FinalModuleAssemblySubcommittee(E-15)oftheIPCPVModuleTechnicalStandardsCommittee(E-15)areshownbelow,itisnotpossibletoincludeallofthosewhoassistedintheevo-lutionofthisstandard.Toeachofthem,themembersoftheIPCextendtheirgratitude.

IPCPVModuleTechnicalStandardsCommittee

ChairJasbirBathIPC

VisualAcceptanceCriteriaforSolarPanel-FinalModuleAssemblySubcommittee

ChairJasbirBathIPC

TechnicalLiaisonoftheIPCBoardofDirectors

BobNeves

MicrotekLaboratories

VisualAcceptanceCriteriaforSolarPanel-FinalModuleAssemblySubcommittee

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ValerioBartolini,ItaliaSolareIndustrie

DomenicoBuono,ItaliaSolareIndustrie

GaryCicero,CEPSolarLtd.ThomasCipielewski,JabilCircuit,

Inc.

DavidFalk,TUVRheinlandPTLEmanueleFigliolia,ItaliaSolare

Industrie

StephenFleming,Q-CellsVivekGade,JabilCircuit,Inc.JimGarner,2BGSolar

CraigHamilton,Celestica

JimHisert,IndiumCorporationofAmerica

MatthewHolzmann,CGIAmericasGeorgeKelly,Consultant

GerhardKleiss,Solarworld

SarahKurtz,NationalRenewableEnergyLaboratory

AndyNguyen,CNPVSolarPowerSA

Y.HarshavardhanaRao,TitanEnergySystemsLtd.

KurtScott,Atlas/AmetekMarkusTraeger,Q-CellsScottTripp,Celestica

CheeWeeTng,CanadianSolarSolutions,Inc.

AndreaViaro,TrinaSolarKentWhitfield,SunEdisonDennisWillie,Flextronics

International

JimXu,CEPSolarLtd.ChrisYang,CEPSolarLtd.

Wewouldliketoprovidespecialacknowledgmenttothefollowingmembersforprovidingpicturesandillustrationsthatareusedinthisstandard.

DomenicoBuono,ItaliaSolareIndustrie

GaryCicero,CEPSolarLtd.DavidFalk,TUVRheinlandPTLVivekGade,JabilCircuit,Inc.

JimHisert,IndiumCorporationofAmerica

Y.HarshavardhanaRao,TitanEnergySystemsLtd.

DennisWillie,FlextronicsInternational

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TableofContents

SCOPEANDCLASSIFICATION 1

APPLICABLEDOCUMENTS 1

IPC 1

BritishStandardsInstitution(BSI) 1

UnderwritersLaboratories(UL) 1

IEC 1

ISO 1

REQUIREMENTS 2

Frame 2

F1:FrameScratchesandGeneralFrameCondition(IncomingFrame) 2

F2:FrameScratches(FinishedFrame) 3

F3:Straightness(IncomingFrame) 3

F4:FrameStraightness(FinishedFrame) 4

F5:FrameColorandSurfaceFinish 4

F6:FrameSquareness 7

FrameAssembly 7

FRA1:FrameAssembly-Alignment/Gaps

(Atcorners) 7

FRA2:FrameAssemblyExcessive

Sealant 9

FRA3:FrameAssemblyInsufficient

Sealant 11

FRA4:FrameAssemblyMissing

Screw 12

FRA5:FrameAssemblyScrew

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Installation 14

FRA6:FrameAssemblyCornerEdge

Alignment 16

FRA7:FrameAssemblyTape 18

JunctionBoxAssembly 19

JBA1:JunctionBoxAssembly

Alignment 19

JBA2JunctionBoxRequirementsforRibbonConnectionsinaMechanical

ClampingConfiguration 21

JBA3:InsufficientSealantaround

JunctionBox 22

JBA4:ExcessSealantaroundJunction

Box 24

JBA5:InsufficientSealantinJunctionBox

forBusRibbons 25

JBA6:InsufficientPottingCompoundin

JunctionBoxforBusRibbons 26

JBA7:ExcessSealantinJunctionBoxfor

BusRibbons 28

JBA8:ExcessPottingCompoundin

JunctionBoxforBusRibbons 29

JBA9:InsufficientSolder(onlyfor

specificjunctionboxes) 30

JBA10:ExcessSolder(onlyforspecific

junctionboxes) 30

JBA11:JunctionBoxLidClosure 31

JBA12:BusBarConnections 32

JBA13:BusBarContactWeldtoJunctionBox(onlyforspecificjunctionboxeswith

plastichousing) 35

JBA14:DamagedOuterPlasticCaseof

JunctionBox 35

JBA15:DamagedPlasticHousingfor

JunctionBoxCableTerminations 36

JBA16:ContaminatedTerminalsor

Contacts 37

JBA17:JunctionBoxAssembly

SeatingPlane 37

JBA18:JunctionBoxWiring/Cabling 38

JBA19:JunctionBoxConnectors 38

MountingHardware 39

MH1:MountingHolesandGrounding

Holes 39

MH2:MountingHardwareType 40

SerialNumberandIdentificationLabel 40

L1:LabelContent 40

L2:LabelLocationandAlignment 41

L3:LabelLegibility 42

L4:LabelSerialNumberandDate

CodeofManufacture 42

L5:MarkingType 42

FinalModuleAssembly 43

PFA1:FinalAssembly-ExternalContamination(e.g.,stains,

fingerprints,oils,foreignmatter) 43

PFA2:LabelAlignment 44

PFA3:SerialNumberScannableand

Readable 44

PFA4:MissingComponent(e.g.,lidon

junctionbox,label,screw,etc.) 44

PFA5:FinalAssembly–JunctionBox

CableTying 45

PFA6:Backsheetseparation 45

PFA7:BrokenorCrackedGlassor

GlassAbrasion 46

ElectricalTestafterFinalVisual

Inspection 47

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ElectroluminescenceTesting(Final

Module) 47

EL1:ElectroluminescenceTesting 47

BESTPRACTICESINMANUFACTURINGANDEXAMPLESOFSHIPMENTOFMODULES 48

FrameSquarenessBestPractice 48

LidClosureBestPractice 48

JunctionBoxAssemblySeatingPlaneBestPractice 49

LabelAlignmentBestPractice 49

PVModulePackaging 50

Figures

Figure3-1 ExampleF1Reject:VisibleScratch 2

Figure3-2 ExampleF2Reject:VisibleScratcheson

theFrontSideofFrame. 3

Figure3-3 ExampleF2Reject:ScratchontheFront

SideofFrame. 3

Figure3-4 ExampleF5Acceptable:(Backside/Rear–Internal) 4

Figure3-5 ExampleF5Reject:Non-UniformColor.

UnevenAnodizing. 5

Figure3-6 ExampleF5Reject:SurfaceBlemish. 5

Figure3-7 ExampleF5Reject:BlemishonFrame. 5

Figure3-8 ExampleFRA1Target 7

Figure3-9 ExampleFRA1Acceptable:GoodCrimp 7

Figure3-10 ExampleFRA1Reject:FrameAssembly–AlignmentGapTooLarge 8

Figure3-11 ExampleFRA1Reject:FrameAssembly–AlignmentGapTooLarge 8

Figure3-12 ExampleFRA1Reject:>0.7mmOffset 8

Figure3-13 ExampleFRA2Target 9

Figure3-14 ExampleFRA2Acceptable 9

Figure3-15 ExampleFRA2Reject:SealantInconsistent

andoverFrameTopEdge. 10

Figure3-16 ExampleReject:VoidinSealant. 10

Figure3-17 ExampleFRA3Target 11

Figure3-18 ExampleFRA3Acceptable 11

Figure3-19 ExampleFRA3Reject:SealantGap 12

Figure3-20 ExampleFRA3Reject:DamageinSealant 12

Figure3-21 ExampleFRA4Target 12

Figure3-22 ExampleFRA4Acceptable 13

Figure3-23 ExampleFRA4Reject 13

Figure3-24 ExampleFRA5Target 14

Figure3-25 ExampleFRA5Acceptable 14

Figure3-26 ExampleFRA5Rejects 15

Figure3-27 ExampleFRA6Target 16

Figure3-28 ExampleFRA6Acceptable 16

Figure3-29 ExampleFRA6Acceptable:Maximum

Gapis0.5mm 16

Figure3-30 ExampleFRA6Reject 17

Figure3-31 ExampleFRA6Reject:MaximumGapIs

>0.5mm 17

Figure3-32 ExampleFRA6Reject:SharpEdgeIsRemovedandtheFrameHasBeen

Scratched. 17

Figure3-33 ExampleFRA7Reject:TheProtruding

PartoftheTapeMustBeRemoved 18

Figure3-34 ExampleJBA1Acceptable:Maximumof

10mmMisalignment(Illustration) 19

Figure3-35 ExampleJBA1Reject:>10mm

Misalignment(Illustration) 20

Figure3-36 ExamplesJBA2JunctionBoxManufacturerRecommendedConfigurations 21

Figure3-37 ExampleJBA3Target 22

Figure3-38 ExampleJBA3Acceptable 22

Figure3-39 ExampleJBA3Reject:JunctionBox.

Adhesivecollarissuewithmissing

junctionboxsealant. 22

Figure3-40 ExampleJBA3Reject:InsufficientSealantAroundJunctionBoxandUnevenSealing

PlaneforJunctionBox 23

Figure3-41 ExampleDrawing/IllustrationofSealant

attheJunctionBox 23

Figure3-42 JunctionBoxWithoutAdhesiveCollarontheFourthSideoftheJunctionBoxperJunctionBoxSupplierInstructions

(TopView) 23

Figure3-43 JunctionBoxWithoutAdhesiveCollarontheFourthSideoftheJunctionBoxperJunctionBoxSupplierInstructions

(SideView) 23

Figure3-44 ExampleJBA4Acceptable:Example

AmountofSealantAroundJunctionBox 24

Figure3-45 ExampleJBA5Target 25

Figure3-46 ExampleJBA5Acceptable 25

Figure3-47 ExampleJBA5Rejects 26

Figure3-48 ExampleJBA6Target 26

Figure3-49 ExampleJBA6Acceptable 27

Figure3-50 ExampleJBA6Reject 27

Figure3-51 ExampleJBA7Target 28

Figure3-52 ExampleJBA7Acceptable 28

Figure3-53 ExampleJBA7Reject 28

Figure3-54 ExampleJBA8Target 29

Figure3-55 ExampleJBA8Acceptable 29

Figure3-56 ExampleJBA11Target 31

Figure3-57 ExampleJBA11Acceptable 31

Figure3-58 ExampleJBA11Reject 31

Figure3-59 ExampleJBA12Target 32

Figure3-60 ExampleJBA12Acceptable 32

Figure3-61 ExampleJBA12Reject 33

Figure3-62 ExampleJBA12Reject 33

Figure

3-63 ExampleJBA12Length/Heightand

WidthoftheSolderMark(Sample1) 34

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Figure3-64 ExampleLength/HeightandWidthofthe

SolderMark(Sample2) 34

Figure3-65 ExampleJBA15Target 36

Figure3-66 ExampleJBA15Acceptable 36

Figure3-67 ExampleJBA15Reject:Damaged

Terminal 36

Figure3-68 ExampleJBA17ExampleTarget 37

Figure3-69 ExampleJBA17ExampleAcceptable 37

Figure3-70 ExampleJBA17Reject:Uneven

SealingPlaneforJunctionBox 37

Figure3-71 ExampleJBA18ExampleReject 38

Figure3-72 ExampleJBA19Reject 38

Figure3-73 ExampleMH1Target 39

Figure3-74 ExampleMH1Acceptable 39

Figure3-75 ExampleMH1Reject:IncorrectBoltSize 39

Figure3-76 ExampleL1Target 40

Figure3-77 ExampleL1Acceptable 41

Figure3-78 ExampleL5Reject 42

Figure3-79 ExamplePFA1Target 43

Figure3-80 ExamplePFA1Acceptable 43

Figure3-81 ExamplePFA1Reject:Contaminationon

GlassSurface 43

Figure3-82 ExamplePFA3Reject:LabelSmear 44

Figure3-83 ExamplePFA6Rejects 45

Figure3-84 ExamplePFA7Rejects 46

Figure3-85 ExampleEL1Rejects 47

Figure4-1 Example:UseofFrameWhichPutsintoPositiontheFramestoEnsure

FrameSquareness 48

Figure4-2 Example:LidClosureLabel 48

Figure4-3 Example:PressUsedtoGuarantee

thePlanarityoftheJunctionBox 49

Figure4-4 Example:ShapeUsedtoEnsure

CorrectLabelAlignment 49

Figure4-5 Example:PackagingofSolarModules

withCardboard 50

Figure4-6 Example:CardboardUsedBetween

ModulestoAvoidIssuesDuringShipping 51

Figure4-7 Example:BarCodeStickersUsedonPackagingofSolarModules 51

Figure4-8 Example:ProtectiveFilmUsedAround

StackedSolarModules 51

Figure4-9 Example:GoodPalletHeightUsed

DuringShippingofSolarModules 51

Figure4-10 Example:BrokenModuleDueto

ImproperLoadingDuringShipping 52

Figure4-11 Example:ImproperModuleLoading

DuringShipping 52

Figure4-12 Example:ImproperModuleLoading

DuringShipping 52

Figure4-13 Example:BrokenChipboardPallet

DuringShipping 52

Tables

Table3-1 SummaryofColorandSurfaceFinishFrameClassifications 6

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FinalAcceptanceCriteriaStandardforPVModules-FinalModuleAssembly

SCOPEANDCLASSIFICATION

ThisIPCstandardpresentsacceptanceguidelinesforthesolarpanelinfinalmoduleassembly.Theintentofthisstandardistocovercrystallinesolarmodules.Themodulescanvaryinsizeandcellnumber.Someofthecontentmaybeapplicabletootherphotovoltaicmodulessuchasthinfilm.Thisincludesjunctionboxesandotherattributesthatneedtobeinspected.Forexample,junctionboxesusedinsolarpanelsincludeinspectioncriteriaforsealantsandpottingcompoundsusedintheattachment.Thesealantsandpottingcompoundsusedcouldhavecrackingandmoistureingresssoavisualinspectionqual-itysystemwouldneedtobeputinplacetodetermineacceptabilitywhichthissubcommitteewillhelptoaddress.

Thisdocumentcoversthemostcommondesigns;however,designsvarygreatlyandcontinuetoevolve.Consequently,exceptionsorotherstandardsmayneedtobespecified.Forexample,sectionsonframeswouldnotapplytoframelessmod-ules.Also,modulesforBuildingIntegratedPhotovoltaic(BIPV)applicationsshouldcomplywithrelevantbuildingcodestandards.ElectricalperformanceandsafetyareoutsideofthescopeofthisstandardandcanbereferredtointherelevantIEC,UL,IEEEandregionspecificstandards.

APPLICABLEDOCUMENTS

IPC1

IPC-A-610AcceptabilityofElectronicAssemblies

IPC-A-620RequirementsandAcceptanceforCableandWireHarnessAssemblies

J-STD-609MarkingandLabelingofComponents,PCBs,andPCBAstoIdentifyLead(Pb),Lead-Free(Pb-Free),andOtherAttributes

BritishStandardsInstitution(BSI)2

BSEN12020-2Aluminiumandaluminiumalloys.ExtrudedprecisionprofilesinalloysENAW-6060andENAW-6063.Tolerancesondimensionsandform

UnderwritersLaboratories(UL)3

UL1703Flat-PlatePhotovoltaicModulesandPanels

IEC4

IEC61215Crystallinesiliconterrestrialphotovoltaic(PV)modules-Designqualificationandtypeapproval

IEC61730Photovoltaic(PV)modulesafetyqualification

IEC60904-9Photovoltaicdevices-Part9:Solarsimulatorperformancerequirements

ISO5

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ISO/IEC15416Informationtechnology-Automaticidentificationanddatacapturetechniques-Barcodeprintqualitytestspecification-Linearsymbols

www.iec.ch

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REQUIREMENTS

VisualInspectionEnvironmentandConditionsforPVModulesare:

1minspectionviewingdistance.

Viewedat~90degreeangle.

20/30visionminimum.

IEC1000luxlightingconditions[Ref:IEC61215Standard].

Eachmoduleshallbeinspectedforatleast60seconds.

Theserequirementsareusedinthedocumentapartfromwherespecified.

Note:Lightingforinspectionofmodulesmaybereducedinordertoreduceglareorreflectionfromtheglassasrequired.Illuminationvaluesintherangeof800-1000luxhavebeenfoundtobenominalvaluesforproperinspection.

Frame

F1:FrameScratchesandGeneralFrameCondition(IncomingFrame)Target:

Novisiblescratches.Noevidenceofsharpedgesorburrs.Drawlinesareacceptable(whichareuniformandcontinuousandgoalongframe).

Viewedat~90degreeangle.

20/30visionminimum.

800-1000luxlightingconditions.

~60secondcycletime.

Acceptable:

Frontside(exterior)only(thisincludesfrontandsidesofframes).Noevidenceofsharpedgesorburrs.Novisiblescratches.

Backside/rear-internal(interior)onlyand1mmscratchwidth.Removalofanodizationlayer6mm2circulararea/locationatnomorethanthreelocationsontheframe.

Drawlinesareacceptable(whichareuniformandcontinuousandgoalongframe).

Reject:

Evidenceofsharpedgesorburrs.

Frontside(exterior)only(thisincludesfrontandsidesofframes)visiblescratch.

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Backside/rear–internal(interior)only>1mmscratchwidth.Removalofanodizationlayer6mm2circulararea/locationatmorethan3locationsontheframe.Removalofanodiza-tionlayer>6mm2circulararea/locationontheframe.

Figure3-1ExampleF1Reject:VisibleScratch

Notes/Comments:

Noevidenceofsharpburrsoredgeswhichwouldbecomeasafetyissueduringhandlingduringthemodulemanufacture.

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F2:FrameScratches(FinishedFrame)Target:

Novisiblescratchesfrom1mdistance.

Acceptable:

Frontside(exterior)only(thisincludesfrontandsidesofframes)withnomorethantwoscratchesthatare1mminwidthandnogreaterthan30mminlengthwithoutremovalofanodizationlayerwheninspectedfrom1mdistance.

Backside/rear–internal(interior)onlyand1mmscratchwidthnogreaterthan100mmscratchlengthwheninspectedfrom1mdistance.Removalofanodizationlayer6mm2circulararea/locationatnomorethan3locationsontheframe.

Reject:

Frontside(exterior)only(thisincludesfrontandsidesofframes)withmorethantwoscratchesthatare1mminwidthandnogreaterthan30mminlengthwithoutremovalofanodizationlayerwheninspectedfrom1mdistance.Scratchesgreaterthan1mminwidthorgreaterthan30mminlengthwithoutremovalofanodizationlayerwheninspectedfrom1mdistance.

Backside/rear–internal(interior)only>1mmscratchwidthor>100mmscratchlength.Removalofanodizationlayer

6mm2circulararea/locationatmorethan3locationsontheframe.Removalofanodizationlayer>6mm2circulararea/locationontheframe.

Figure3-2ExampleF2Reject:VisibleScratchesonthe

FrontSideofFrame.

Figure3-3ExampleF2Reject:ScratchontheFront

SideofFrame.Thispanelshouldberejectedbecausethescratchisvisiblefrom1mwiththeanodizationlayerremoved.

F3:Straightness(IncomingFrame)Target:

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Nomeasurablecurvature.

Acceptable:

Forlength<1m,maximumcurvatureof±1mmpermeter.

Forlengthbetween1mto2m,maximumcurvatureof±2mm.

Reject:

Forlength<1m,curvature>±1mm.

Forlengthbetween1mto2m,curvature>±2mm.

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F4:FrameStraightness(FinishedFrame)Intheabsenceofthemanufacturer’sstatedstraightnessrequirements,thevaluesstatedinthissectionshallbeused.

Target:

Forlength<1000mm,nomeasurablecurvature.

Forlength1000mmto2000mm,nomeasurablecurvature.

Inaddition,theglassmustoccupyatleasthalfthedepthoftheframechannelatanylocationinreferencetotheshortestframechannelflange.

Acceptable:

Forlength<1000mm,maximumcurvatureof±3mm.Meetscustomerspecificationforwidthandlength,ifdefined.

Forlength1000mmto2000mm,maximumcurvatureof±6mm.Meetscustomerspecificationforwidthandlength,ifdefined.

Inaddition,theglassmustoccupyatleasthalfthedepthoftheframechannelatanylocationinreferencetotheshortestframechannelflange.

Reject:

Forlength<1000mm,curvature>±3mm.

Forlength1000mmto2000mm,curvature>±6mm.

Theglassdoesnotoccupyatleasthalfthedepthoftheframechannelatanylocationinreferencetotheshortestframechannelflange.

Comments:

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Measurewithastraightedgeandgagecaliber,butnotvisually.Thedeterminationofglassoccupyingatleasthalfthedepthoftheframechannelatanylocationinreferencetotheshortestframechannelflangeshallbeasagreedbetweenuserandsupplier(AABUS).

F5:FrameColorandSurfaceFinishTarget:

Visuallyuniformcolorvisibleat1m.

Nosurfacefinishblemishesvisibleat1m.

Noimpurityinreliefvisibleat1m.

Nodentsvisibleat1m.

Acceptable:

Nocolorissuesvisibleat1m.

Nosurfacefinishblemishesvisiblefrom1monfrontside(exterior)only(thisincludesfrontandsidesofframes).

Nodentsvisiblefrom1monfrontside(exterior)only(thisincludesfrontandsidesofframes).

Noimpurityinreliefvisiblefrom1monfrontside(exte-rior)only(thisincludesfrontandsidesofframes).

Surfacefinishblemishesvisiblefrom1monbackside/rear(interior)only5%ofinvolvedsurfacearea.

Nomorethan5dentsvisiblefrom