閱讀理解之七選五講解與練習(xí)-2023年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)小題多維練

專(zhuān)題19閱讀理解之七選五講解與練習(xí)

Part1整體感知

分析解讀

1.七選五主要考查考生對(duì)文章整體內(nèi)容、結(jié)構(gòu)以及上下文邏輯的理解和掌握。

2.體裁以說(shuō)明文為主（2014、2015、2016、2019及2020年全國(guó)卷I都以說(shuō)明文體裁出現(xiàn)），且結(jié)構(gòu)

清晰，過(guò)程完整，適合考查標(biāo)題概括、主題句和過(guò)渡句等，以考查學(xué)生的綜合閱讀能力。

3.設(shè)空類(lèi)型一般有標(biāo)題類(lèi)、段落主題句類(lèi)、過(guò)度類(lèi)、細(xì)節(jié)類(lèi)；選項(xiàng)大多為完整的句子。

4.七選五以考查細(xì)節(jié)局為主。

Part2方法技巧

1.瀏覽整篇文章，把握整體設(shè)空的位置。

在做七選五時(shí)，首先弄清全篇文章結(jié)構(gòu)，理出文章的中心。語(yǔ)篇通常由段落構(gòu)成，所以分析篇章結(jié)

構(gòu)包括兩個(gè)層次：一是分析段落之間的層次；二是分析每個(gè)段落內(nèi)部的層次。選項(xiàng)與前后句之間的邏輯

關(guān)系，是確定答案的主要依據(jù)。注意文章的首段和末段，因?yàn)橛⑽膶?xiě)作常見(jiàn)方法為“開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山式”和“結(jié)

尾總結(jié)式”。首段對(duì)于快速掌握文章的主題具有重要意義。如果它是文章的主題句，就可以是讀者迅速

明確文章情節(jié)將如何展開(kāi)，并對(duì)文章的寫(xiě)作主題有個(gè)整體的了解。如果首段沒(méi)有主題句，則需要繼續(xù)尋

找。這時(shí)，可以考慮文章的寫(xiě)作方式是否為“結(jié)尾總結(jié)”式，如果兩者均可排除，則需要在文章中其他

段落尋找其他主題句，但要注意段首與末段的提示作用。

2.辨別語(yǔ)境線(xiàn)索

邊讀邊做題，重點(diǎn)閱讀各個(gè)問(wèn)題附近的句子，圈定線(xiàn)索詞，然后從選項(xiàng)中尋找相關(guān)的特征詞，以確

定答案。做題時(shí)可以采用帶入排除法。如果一題做不出或不確定，可以先跳過(guò)，繼續(xù)往下讀，做容易的、

能做出的題，直到讀完整篇文章。至此，文章的要點(diǎn)和主旨、各個(gè)段落的邏輯關(guān)系應(yīng)基本清楚了。再將

剩余選項(xiàng)放入空白處，看看是否與上下文構(gòu)成語(yǔ)義及邏輯上的直接關(guān)系，是否符合該語(yǔ)境，能否承接前

后的寫(xiě)作線(xiàn)索。

3.確定答案，再次核對(duì)檢查

在完成選項(xiàng)定位后，應(yīng)通讀全文，檢查文章內(nèi)容是否完整，語(yǔ)義是否連貫、合理，各段落內(nèi)容是否緊

扣主題，語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)是否連貫、具有一致性、合乎邏輯，寫(xiě)作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用于是否恰當(dāng)，

從而判斷選擇的答案是否正確。同時(shí)，我們還應(yīng)注意對(duì)相近選項(xiàng)的對(duì)比分析。個(gè)別干擾項(xiàng)由于某個(gè)正確

選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容相近而具有很強(qiáng)的干擾性，這時(shí)就需要我們認(rèn)真分析、仔細(xì)甄別，排除干擾，從而得出正確

選項(xiàng)。

1.段首題

邏輯關(guān)系具體解讀

主旨句常以段落小標(biāo)題或主題句的形式出現(xiàn)。

承上啟下句此空出的答案能夠?qū)⑸隙魏拖露蔚膬?nèi)容連貫起來(lái)。

典題例證（2019.全國(guó)卷I節(jié)選）

40Whilethesun'srayscanageandharmourskin,theyalsogiveisbeneficialVitaminD.Tomake

sureyougetenoughVitaminD-butstillprotectyourskin——putonsunscreenrightasyouheadoutside.Ittakes

sunscreenaboutfifteenminutestostartworking,andthat'splentyoftimeforyourskintoabsorbaday'sworthof

VitaminD.

F.Justasimportantly,wetendtoassociateairwithhealthcare.

D.Anothersidebenefitofgettingfreshairissunlight.

解析：本題考查的是段首句的選擇。根據(jù)設(shè)空處后提到的"thesun'srays"，"VitaminD"和“sunscreen”

可知，本段講述了陽(yáng)光對(duì)人體的好處，因此D選項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。

2.段中題

邏輯關(guān)系具體解讀

例證關(guān)系前后的某句是為了證明另一句而舉的例子。例證的形式具有多樣性，思維過(guò)程基本是歸

納（從例子到觀(guān)點(diǎn)）和推理（從觀(guān)點(diǎn)到例子）。常見(jiàn)的表示例證關(guān)系的標(biāo)志性詞語(yǔ)有：

forexample,forinstance,infact/asamatteroffact,actually,inotherwords/thatistosay等

轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系若空格前后兩句之間是邏輯上的逆轉(zhuǎn)，則空格處很有可能表示轉(zhuǎn)折。表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的標(biāo)

志'性詞語(yǔ)有：but,however,yet,while/though/although,or/otherwise,onthecontrary,

instead,nevertheless（然而）,still,incontrast/parison,byparison等。

因果關(guān)系表示因果關(guān)系的標(biāo)志性詞語(yǔ)有：so,therefore,thus,consequently,asaresult(of),

so/such...that...,sothat等。

遞進(jìn)關(guān)系若空格前兩句之間是邏輯上的層進(jìn)關(guān)系，則空格處很可能是個(gè)表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的句子。表

示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的標(biāo)志性詞語(yǔ)有：too,also,besides,further,furthermore,moreover,likewise,

similarly,what'smore,what'sworse,inaddition,aswell,tomakemattersworse,not...but...

堂

寸O

并列關(guān)系表示并列關(guān)系的標(biāo)志性詞語(yǔ)有：and,firstly,secondly;first,then/next,finally/last;forone

thing,foranotherthing等。

典題例證（2017.全國(guó)卷n節(jié)選）

Ifyouhaveadoortoyouroffice,makegooduseofit.40.Ifsomeoneknocksandifsnotan

importantmatter,excuseyourselfandletthepersonknowyou'rebusysotheycangetthehint（日音示）thanwhenthe

doorisclosed,you9renottobedisturbed.

A.Ifyou'rebusy,don'tfeelbadaboutsayingno

B.Whenyouwanttoavoidinterruptionsatwork

C.Setboundariesforyourselfasyourtimegoes

D.Ifyou'reintheotherperson'sofficeorinapublicarea

E.It'simportantthatyouletthemknowwhenyou'llbeavailable

F.Itmightseemunkindtocutpeopleshortwhentheyinterruptyou

G.Leaveitopenwhenyou5reavailabletotalkandcloseitwhenyou'renot

解析：本題考查的是對(duì)段中句的選擇。設(shè)空處的前一句建議要充分利用辦公室的門(mén)來(lái)避免受到打擾，而選

項(xiàng)G中的it正好指代前句中的adoor,再根據(jù)選項(xiàng)G中的leaveitopen,closeit以及該空后一句中的knocks

等詞匯的搭配使用，可判斷答案為G。

3.段尾題

邏輯關(guān)系具體解讀

總結(jié)句用于總結(jié)本段內(nèi)容，常含有總結(jié)性的詞語(yǔ)。

承上啟下句此空處的答案能夠?qū)⑸隙魏拖露蔚膬?nèi)容連貫起來(lái)。

閱讀七選五題型考查的實(shí)質(zhì)就是文中信息點(diǎn)和選項(xiàng)信息點(diǎn)的對(duì)應(yīng)，文中信息點(diǎn)與選項(xiàng)信息點(diǎn)通常以詞匯復(fù)

現(xiàn)的方式來(lái)幫忙，所以找到復(fù)現(xiàn)詞匯也就找到了解題關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)。

典題例證（2018.全國(guó)卷I節(jié)選）

Thelargecolordecisionsinyourroomsconcernthewalls,ceilings,andfloors.Whetheryou'relookingat

wallpaperorpaint,thetime,effortandrelativeexpenseputintoitaresignificant.40

A.Whileallofthemareuseful

B.Whateveryou'relookingfor

C.Ifyou'reexperimentingwithacolor

D.Smallcolorchoicesaretheoneswe'remostfamiliarwith

E.It'snotreallyagoodideatousetoomanysmallcolorpieces

F.Soitpaystobesure,becauseyouwanttogetitrightthefirsttime

解析：本題考查的是對(duì)段尾句的選則。設(shè)空處前面的內(nèi)容指出大面積的顏色設(shè)計(jì)主要涉及墻面、天花板和

地板，進(jìn)行選擇會(huì)花費(fèi)大量的時(shí)間、精力和金錢(qián)，所以引出F項(xiàng)的結(jié)果，即大面積的顏色設(shè)計(jì)要一次性確

定好。而設(shè)空出作為全文最后一句，也能說(shuō)明其應(yīng)該是總結(jié)句，而非過(guò)渡句。F選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)了so這一表結(jié)

論性的詞，同時(shí)根據(jù)語(yǔ)句間的邏輯關(guān)系及語(yǔ)義連貫性，可知答案為F。

1.利用詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)找對(duì)應(yīng)

詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)是為了保證文章前后銜接而經(jīng)常使用的一種寫(xiě)作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置對(duì)同一

概念進(jìn)行重復(fù)描述。詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)主要是指原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、同源詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)

等。通過(guò)尋找復(fù)現(xiàn)詞匯可迅速確定答案。

2.利用同范疇詞找對(duì)應(yīng)

同范疇詞是指與詞匯相關(guān)或同一領(lǐng)域的詞匯在文章中同時(shí)出現(xiàn)，達(dá)到語(yǔ)義銜接的目的?？忌梢栽谶x項(xiàng)

中找到與此詞匯最接近的詞，從而達(dá)到快而準(zhǔn)確地確定答案的目的。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，上下文中詞匯聯(lián)系的越

接近，其銜接關(guān)系就越緊密。

3.利用代詞找對(duì)應(yīng)

英語(yǔ)表達(dá)中代詞出現(xiàn)的頻率極高。在精讀各段和各選項(xiàng)的過(guò)程中，一定要注意句子中出現(xiàn)的人稱(chēng)代詞或

指示代詞，特別是選項(xiàng)中以及空格前后句子中出現(xiàn)的代詞。根據(jù)代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)及其在句子中所做的成分，

可以找出代詞指代的名詞或句子，從而幫助解題。it代指單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或整個(gè)句子；they或them指點(diǎn)

復(fù)數(shù)名詞；one代指可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)；that指代不可數(shù)名詞或整個(gè)句子；this指代單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或句子；these

或those指代前句的復(fù)數(shù)名詞。

關(guān)于小標(biāo)題的選擇，一般來(lái)說(shuō)，小標(biāo)題比較精簡(jiǎn)，常以短語(yǔ)或簡(jiǎn)短的句子來(lái)呈現(xiàn)?？忌梢愿鶕?jù)這一特征

快速瀏覽七個(gè)選項(xiàng)，并有效縮短選擇范圍。小標(biāo)題往往是統(tǒng)領(lǐng)全段的，因此，考生應(yīng)認(rèn)真閱讀該段內(nèi)容，

了解段落大意，把握段落主題，根據(jù)段落主題一致性原則，排除過(guò)于寬泛、以偏概全、偏離主題的干擾項(xiàng)，

從而最終確定正確選項(xiàng)。

典題例證（2020.全國(guó)卷I節(jié)選）

?37

Somepeoplemaythinkthatagardenisnomorethanplants,flowers,patternsandmassesofcolor.Othersare

concernedaboutusinggardeningmethodsthatrequirelesswaterandfewerfertilizers（月巴料）.38.However,

thereareanumberofotherreasonsthatmightexplainwhyyouwanttogarden.Oneofthemesfromourearliest

years.

?Recall（回憶）yourchildhoodmemories

A.Knowwhyyougarden

B.Findagoodplaceforyourowngarden

C.It'sourexperienceofthegardenthatmatters

D.Ifsdelightfultoseesomanybeautifulflowers

E.Stillothersmaysimplyenjoybeingoutdoorsandclosetoplants

F.Youcanproducethatkindofmagicalqualityinyourowngarden,too

G.Foreachofthosegardens,writerdownthestrongestmemoryyouhave

解析:本題考查的是對(duì)文章小標(biāo)題的選擇。先由下文另一個(gè)小標(biāo)題?Recall（回憶）yourchildhoodmemories

可推知，此處小標(biāo)題應(yīng)是精簡(jiǎn)的祈使句，根據(jù)前文所述的技巧，可以馬上將選擇范圍縮小到A項(xiàng)和B

項(xiàng)，本題下面的段落列舉了一些人的觀(guān)點(diǎn)之后，提到otherreasonsthatmightexplainwhyyouwanttogarden,

結(jié)合該段中的其余內(nèi)容可以推斷該段主要是分析種植花園的原因，由此可確定答案為A選項(xiàng)。

真題典例（2018.全國(guó)卷I）

Colorisfundamentalinhomedesign------somethingyou'llalwayshaveineveryroom.Agraspofhowto

managecolorinyourspacesisoneofthefirststepstocreatingroomsyou511lovetolivein.Doyouwantaroom

thafsfulloflife?Professional?Orareyoujustlookingforaplacetorelaxafteralongday?36coloristhe

keytomakingaroomfeelthewayyouwantittofeel.

Overtheyears,therehavebeenanumberofdifferenttechniquestohelpdesignersapproachthisimportant

point.37theycangetalittleplex.Butgoodnewsisthatthere5rereallyonlythreekindsofdecisionsyou

needtomakeaboutcolorinyourhome:thesmallones,themediumones,andthelargeones.

38.They'rethelittlespotsofcolorlikethrowpillows,mirrorsandbasketsthatmostofususetoadd

visualinteresttoourrooms.Lesstiringthanpaintingyourwallsandlessexpensivethanbuyingacolorful

sofa,smallcolorchoicesbringwiththemthesignificantbenefitofbeingeasilychangeable.

Mediumcolorchoicesaregenerallyfurniturepiecessuchassofas,dinnertablesorbookshelves

39Theyrequireabiggermitmentthansmallerones,andtheyhaveamorepowerfuleffectonthefeelingof

aspace.

Thelargecolordecisionsinyourroomsconcernthewalls,ceilings,andfloors.Whetheryou9relookingat

wallpaperorpaint,thetime,effortandrelativeexpenseputintoitaresignificant.40

A.Whileallofthemareuseful

B.Whateveryou'relookingfor

C.Ifyou5reexperimentingwithacolor

D.Smallcolorchoicesaretheoneswe'remostfamiliarwith

E.It'snotreallyagoodideatousetoomanysmallcolorpieces

ESoitpaystobesure,becauseyouwanttogetitrightthefirsttime

G.Colorchoicesinthisrangeareastepupfromthesmallonesintwomajorways

解題思路

36.BA、B、C為備選選項(xiàng)。上文中的"want","lookingfor”與B項(xiàng)中的lookingfor為“詞語(yǔ)復(fù)

現(xiàn)"，故答案為B。

37.AA、B、C為備選選項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng)中的“allofthem”與逗號(hào)后的“they”為“指代一致”，故答案

為A項(xiàng)。

38.D設(shè)空出在段首，可推知本題考查主題句。上段末尾指出了需要做出的三個(gè)決定（thesmallones,the

mediumones,andthelargeones）?最后三段分別介紹了做小的、中等的和大的顏色選擇的不同情況。根據(jù)

最后兩段首句中的Mediumcolorchoices和Thelargecolordecisions可知此處講Smallcolorchoiceso本題

需用“邏輯判斷”的方法進(jìn)行解答。

39.G下句中的They指Mediumcolorchoices,同“smallerones”進(jìn)行比較，而選項(xiàng)G中的astepupfrom

thesmallones與下句中的abiggermitment,amorepowerfuleffect相對(duì)應(yīng)，故答案選G

40.F上句中的relativeexpense與F項(xiàng)中的pays相對(duì)應(yīng)，故答案為F項(xiàng)。

解題技巧：

1.通過(guò)設(shè)題位置判斷

a）段首設(shè)空一般找能概括本段中心意思的選項(xiàng)。

b）段尾設(shè)空一般找能總結(jié)歸納該段的選項(xiàng)。

2.通過(guò)標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)判斷

當(dāng)設(shè)空處后為逗號(hào)且逗號(hào)后面的句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整時(shí)，可判斷該空應(yīng)為狀語(yǔ)從句。

3.根據(jù)語(yǔ)境線(xiàn)索判斷

a）“詞語(yǔ)重現(xiàn)”不僅指詞語(yǔ)的簡(jiǎn)單出現(xiàn)，而且指某詞語(yǔ)可能以不同詞類(lèi)、詞性、數(shù)、格、時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)

態(tài)等形式出現(xiàn)。

b）“邏輯”指示物之間存在的必然關(guān)系，包括時(shí)間先后關(guān)系、空間位置關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系、歸納總結(jié)

關(guān)系、總分關(guān)系等。

c）“指代”是指用代詞代替前文提到過(guò)的人物、事件、物品等，如it,he,she,they等。

d）“同構(gòu)”是指上下文使用同一結(jié)構(gòu)或類(lèi)似的句子。

Part3七選五仿真組合練

A

Gratitude（感恩）makeseverythingmorespecial.Itconnectsyoutowhereyouareandwhoyouarewitharid

whatyouaredoing.Readthefollowingtipsfordevelopinggratitude.J,youwilltrulygetthebenefits.

Writeinadiaryeverymorninganddeclarehowyouwanttofeelthatday.2__.Thisputsmeinareceiving

waysothatIcanbetterattractmydreamsanddesiresbytakingsubconscious（潛意識(shí)的）andconscioussteps

towardchoicesthatservemyambitions.

Goonawalk.Walking——withzerosocialmediadisturbance-isagatewaytogratitude.Iwalkmydoginthe

morning,walkthroughmyneighborhood,andmentallyexpressgratitudeforeverythingIcanthinkofduringthe

walk.3_.

4，doitphysically.Thismeanssittingdownandtakingamomenttofeelgratitudeineveryareaofyour

body.Iworkmywayupmybody,beginningwithmyfeetandworkinguptowardtherestofmybody,bones,and

organs,untilIreachmyhead.Thisisagreatplacetostartifyou'refeelingextralow!

Nexttimeyou'rewithagroupoffriendsorevenstrangers,askthemtogoaroundandsaywhatthey're

gratefulfor.5Iamalwayssohappy,surprised,andamazedathowopenandappreciativepeopleareforthe

enquiry,

A.Iusethe5minutediary

B.ThisissomethingIdoregularly

C.Ifyou'rewonderinghowtoexpressgratitude

D.Ifyoucanmakethetimeforthissirhplepractice

E.Ifyou'rehavingtroubleexpressinggratitudementally

F.Itisimportanttomakeuseofthetimetomakefriends

G.It'stheperfecttimetosetupyourbrainforpositivethinking

B

Almost200graduatestudentsandpostdoctoral（博士后）researchersgatheredApril21foracareerdevelopment

eventattheannualmeetingoftheAmericanSocietyforBiochemistryandMolecularBiologywheretheylearned

aboutvarietiesofscientificcareers,participatedinskillbuildingworkshopsandnetworkedwithpeersandspeakers.

Theentireeventwasfullofusefulinformation6

Yourcareerpathislesslikealadderandmorelikeajunglegym.

We'reallprogrammedtoseeourcareerpathasaseriesoflinear（直線(xiàn)型）stepsuptoafinalgoal一

undergraduate,graduate,postdoctor,foreverjob-butthisrarelyhappens.7Don'tbeafraidtotakearisk

whenopportunitiespresentthemselvesiftheywillhelpyoubuildyouruniquecareer.

Createa“skillstoolbox”anduseit.

Theskillsyoudevelopasatraineehelpyoustandoutinthejobmarket.Whenyou'reinthelab,talktoyour

colleaguesabouttheirexperiments.Challengeyourselftolearnnewtechniquesbothinandoutofyourfield.Work

ondevelopingcriticalthinkingskills,whichwillhelpyouhoweveryourcareerevolves.

Andacquireskillsoutsidethelab.Exploreentrepreneurship,sciencewritingandmunication,policy,outreach,

education,evenart-whateverresonateswithyou.8

municationskillsarecriticaltosuccess.Lessjargon（行話(huà)）,morepassion.

Scienceisalanguagemostpeopledon'tspeakfluently.Whenmunicatingwithdiverseaudiences,thinkof

yourselfasatranslator.Eliminatejargonandcreateanalogies（類(lèi)推）tomakeyourresearchaccessible.Workon

makingyoursciencestoryrelevanttotheaudience,whichmaymeanthatyoudon'tshareeverypieceofdatayou

havecollected.Mostimportantly,practice.

TrainingcoursesliketheASBMB'sArtofSciencemunicationareavailabletohelpyoudeveloptheseskills.

9

Inprofessionalinteractions,beconfidentandrememberthatyourskillsandknowledgegotyouwhereyouare

today.Don'tbefrightenedbypeoplewhoquestionwhatyouknow,anddon'tletnegativeexperiencesdiminishyour

selfconfidence.

Luckiswhathappenswhenpreparationmeetsopportunity.Youdon*tneedtoseetheentirestaircaseto

takethenextstep.

Withthesewordsinmind,exploreyouroptions,networkandtalktopeopleinfieldsthatinterestyou.Don't

knowwheretostart?Startwithvideosundertheheading"CareerPaths“atandthecareersectionofthe

ASBMBTodaywebsite.10.Forthepriceofacupofcoffee,youcangetstartedonthepathtocareer

success.

A.Don'tbeafraidofnewchallenges.

B.Workonbelievingthatyoubelongintheroom.

C.Belowarefivetipsforcareersuccessthatstruckme.

D.Thiswillhelpbuildyouintoawellroundedcandidate.

E.Youmaymovesidewaysinyourcareeroreventakeasteportwobackbeforemovinguptheladderagain.

F.Onceyoufindajobthatinterestsyou,identifypeopleinthefieldandaskforinformationalinterviews.

G.Imposter（冒名頂替者）syndromeisarealityformanypeopleinthesciences,especiallythosefrom

underrepresentedgroups.

C

Characteristicsofanexcellentscientist

TheFreeDictionarydefines（定義）ascientistasapersonhavingprofessionalknowledgeononeormore

sciences,especiallynaturalscienceorphysicalscience.11.Let'slookatsomecharacteristicsofan

excellentscientist.

Curiosity.

12.ScientistssuchasThomasEdisonandGeorgeWestinghousediscoveredthingsmainlybecause

theywantedtoknowhowthingswork.Ifascientistdoesn'thavethedrivetoaskquestionsorevenwonder,then

he/shenevergetstothefirststageofthescientificprocess.

Patience.

13.Thereareveryfewjobsthattakelongerthanthisone.Evenifyouthinkyouhavereceived

someeducationonscience,youstillhavealotofscientificresearchtodo.Ifyou'reaninstantgratification（即時(shí)滿(mǎn)

足）typeofperson,thismaynotbethebestchoiceforyou.

Ethical（道德的）qualities.

Inordertotrulydiscoveranduseknowledgeforthegreatergood,ascientistmusthaveadesiretoimprove

people'slifeaswellastheenvironmentandlivingthings,sincetheyarealllinkedandtheycanaffectoneanother

inthelongrun.Ascientistmustreportfindingshonestlyregardlessofpersonaloroutsidemercial（商業(yè)的）

interests.Stickingtoanoldbeliefcontradictedbyevidenceisdishonest.14.

Workinghabits.

Anexcellentscientisteventakesnotesofthesmallestobservation,keepingitinmindandrecordingit.

15.He/Shealsoneedstomunicatethoughtsonpaperandverbally.Networkingskillsconnecthim/her

withcolleaguesworkingonsimilarprojectswherehe/shemaydiscoversomethingnew.

A.Beingascientisttakesalongtime.

B.Anexcellentscientistmustbeverycuriousaboutthings.

C.Italsodefinesascientistassomeonewhousesscientificmethods.

D.However,thatbeliefshouldn'tbechangedwithoutpowerfulevidence.

E.He/Shecanworkwellaloneoringroups,dependingonwhat'sneeded.

F.Tomakediscoveriesinhumanknowledge,youhavetothinkdifferently.

G.Oneofthemainplacesthatmanyscientistsworkinistheresearchlaboratory.

D

（2019?濟(jì)南模擬）Talkingtoyourselfmayseemalittleshameful.Accordingtothewell-knownsaying,talking

toyourselfisthefirstsignofmadness.

16.Talkingtoourselves,whetheroutloudorsilentlyinourheads,isavaluabletoolforthoughts.Far

frombeingasignofmadness,self-talkallowsustoplanwhatwearegoingtodo,manageouractivities,andeven

regulateouremotions.

17.Youareverylikelytohearhim/hertalkingtohimself/herself:offeringhimself/herselfdirections

andgivingvoicetohis/herfrustrations.Psychologistsrefertothisasprivatespeechthatisspokenbutdirectedat

theself.Wedoalotofitwhenweareyoung.

Aschildren,accordingtotheRussianpsychologistLevVygotsky,weuseprivatespeechtoregulateour

actionsinthesamewaythatweusepublicspeechtocontrolthebehaviorofothers.j8，wedon'tabandonthis

system-weinternalize（使內(nèi)在化）it.Psychologicalexperimentshaveshownthatthisso-calledinnerspeechcan

improveourperformanceontasksrangingfromjudgingwhatotherpeoplearethinkingtosortingimagesinto

categories.19.Onerecentstudysuggestedthatself-talkisthemosteffectivewhenweaddressourselvesas

“you”ratherthanT.

Weinternalizetheprivatespeechweusedaschildren-butweneverentirelyputawaytheloud

version.20,turnonthesportschannel.You'reboundtoseeanathleteortwogearingthemselvesupwithatart

phraseorscoldingthemselvesafterabadshot.

A.Aswegrowolder

B.Ifyouwanttheproof

C.Gowithyourfriendstodebate

D.Butthere*snoneedforembarrassment

E.Althoughwemaythinkitseemssillytotalktoourselvessecretly

F.Theeffectofourwordscangiveusavaluableperspectiveonouractions

G.Takeatriptoanypreschoolandwatchasmallchildplayingwithhis/hertoys

A15DAGEB

本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。懂得感恩讓一切變得更特別，如何才能具有感恩之心呢？文章介紹了如何培養(yǎng)感恩之

心的四條建議。

1.D【解析】空后為逗號(hào)，后面另起一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)判斷應(yīng)從C、D、E項(xiàng)中選擇一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句。

結(jié)合句意判斷應(yīng)選D項(xiàng),thissimplepractice即指developinggratitude。句意：如果你能拿出時(shí)間

做一下這個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的練習(xí)，你將會(huì)真正地受益。

2.A【解析】根據(jù)上文的diary判斷應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)，表示“我使用五分鐘日記”，下文的This即指“五分鐘日

記”。

3.G【解析】根據(jù)上文語(yǔ)境判斷應(yīng)選G項(xiàng)，表示“這是讓你的大腦積極思考的好時(shí)光”，“這段好時(shí)光”

即指散步的時(shí)候。

4.E【解析】空后為逗號(hào)，后面另起一個(gè)祈使句，根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)判斷應(yīng)從C、D、E項(xiàng)中選擇一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句。

E項(xiàng)中的mentally與空后的physically互相呼應(yīng)，所以應(yīng)選E項(xiàng)。句意：如果你在心理上難以表達(dá)感激

之情，那就從身體上表達(dá)吧。

5.B【解析】根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境判斷應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)中的This即指上句的內(nèi)容。句意：（下次當(dāng)你和一群朋

友甚至陌生人在一起時(shí)，讓他們四處走走，說(shuō)出他們的感激之情）這是我經(jīng)常做的事情。

B【答案】6.C7.E8.D9.B10.F

【解析】

這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了幾條實(shí)現(xiàn)事業(yè)成功的方法，包括構(gòu)建自身的“技能盒”并使用、溝通技巧是

成功的關(guān)鍵，少說(shuō)點(diǎn)行話(huà)、多點(diǎn)激情、運(yùn)氣則是準(zhǔn)備好時(shí)發(fā)生的情況。

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