（復(fù)習(xí)部分）專題04介詞

專題04介詞內(nèi)容導(dǎo)航考點(diǎn)聚焦：核心考點(diǎn)+中考考點(diǎn)，有的放矢重點(diǎn)速記：知識(shí)點(diǎn)和關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)梳理，查漏補(bǔ)缺難點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化：難點(diǎn)內(nèi)容標(biāo)注與講解，能力提升復(fù)習(xí)提升：真題感知，聚焦中考，全面突破核心考點(diǎn)聚焦考點(diǎn)一時(shí)間介詞考點(diǎn)一時(shí)間介詞一、表示年、月、日、時(shí)刻等用at，in，on1.ate.g.時(shí)刻、時(shí)刻的某一點(diǎn)e.g.ateleveno’clock\atnoon\atpresent2.one.g.星期幾，某日，具體到某一天，節(jié)日，某天的上午、下午、晚上，即，特定的早，午，晚（在morning,afternoon,evening,night前有修飾詞時(shí)，用on）e.g.onSaturday,OnMarch8th,onSundaymorning,ontheafternoonofMarch8th,onacoldnight3.ine.g.一段時(shí)間多用在年份，季節(jié)，月份或morning,afternoon,evening前（注意：atnoon/night）e.g.inDecember\inspring,in1970,inthemorning/afternoon/evening/night【口訣記憶】At時(shí)間點(diǎn)，in指月，季，年；有on必有天；特定早、午、晚用on來接連。二、其他時(shí)間介詞1.表示前后用before，aftere.g.a.m.e:在….之前e.g.eandseemetomorrowatanytimebeforeelevena.m.B.after:在….之后e.g.Springesafterwinter.2.表示期限等用by，until，tillA,by:在….之前，不遲于e.g.BythetimeIarrived,shehadalreadygone.B，Until，till:直到….為止e.g.Theradioworkedallnighttilllastnight.【注意】until常與not連用，構(gòu)成“notuntil”結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“直到才”3.表示期間等用for，during等A.for:達(dá)….之久（加一段時(shí)間，表示過了多少時(shí)間，多用howlong提問）e.g.MyJohnsonstayedinChinafor2weeks.B.during:在…時(shí)期當(dāng)中e.g.Hewokemanytimesduringthenight.4.表示時(shí)間的起點(diǎn)用from，sinceA.from:從….起e.g.Fromsunrisetosunsethewaited.B.since:自從….以來（多加過去時(shí)間點(diǎn)）e.g.SincemylastletterIhaveheardfromhimtwice.5.表示時(shí)間的經(jīng)過等用in，等in:過….后（未來時(shí)間，多用howsoon提問）e.g.Iheardthatshewouldbebackinamonth1.（2024福建中考真題）Aspecialfestivalwasheld______September23rdlastyeartohonorthehardworkofChinesefarmers.A.inB.forC.on2.7.（2024山東濱州中考真題）—ImissBillverymuchaswehaven’tseeneachother______twoyears.—Me,too.WheneverIseethephoto,itremindsme______thehappydayswespenttogether.A.in;withB.for;ofC.on;inD.from;for3.（2024吉林中考真題）Maryplayslightmusic______herfreetimetoenjoythebeautyofmusic.A.inB.atC.on4.（2024云南中考真題）______theSpringFestival,lanternscanbeseenalmosteverywhereinmyhometown.A.ToB.AboveC.BetweenD.During5.（2024河北中考真題）Hurryup,Nancy!Themeetingwillstart______tenminutes.A.byB.inC.forD.to6.（2023遼寧沈陽中考真題）ThreeShenzhouXVheroessuccessfullycamebacktotheEarth______June4,2023.A.atB.onC.inD.until答案與解析1.

答案：C。解析：“September23rdlastyear”是具體的某一天，具體日期前要用介詞on，所以選C。2.

答案：B。解析：“for+時(shí)間段”表示動(dòng)作持續(xù)的時(shí)間，“haven’tseeneachotherfortwoyears”表示兩年沒見面了；“remindsb.ofsth.”是固定短語，意為“使某人想起某事”，所以選B。3.

答案：A。解析：“inone'sfreetime”是固定搭配，意為“在某人的空閑時(shí)間”，所以此處用介詞in，選A。4.

答案：D。解析：“to”表示“到……”；“above”表示“在……上面”；“between”表示“在……之間”；“during”表示“在……期間”。根據(jù)句意“在春節(jié)____，我的家鄉(xiāng)到處都能看到燈籠”，可知應(yīng)是“在春節(jié)期間”，用during，選D。5.

答案：B。解析：“in+時(shí)間段”常用于一般將來時(shí)，表示“在一段時(shí)間之后”，“Themeetingwillstartintenminutes.”意為“會(huì)議將在十分鐘后開始”，所以選B。6.

答案：B。解析：“June4,2023”是具體日期，具體日期前要用介詞on，所以選B?？键c(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)二表示地點(diǎn)、方向的介詞1.表示場(chǎng)所的介詞：at，in，on，under，below，near，by，betweenand，among，around，round，infrontof，behind，acrossfrom,nexttoe.g.Therearemanytreesaroundthelake.【注】表示“某地在….里”時(shí)要用in；表示“某地在另外一地某方向”時(shí)要用on或to；如果兩地有空間距離（不接壤）時(shí)，必須用to.如，TaiwanisinthesoutheastofChina.臺(tái)灣位于中國的東南部。TaiwanistothesouthofFujian臺(tái)灣在福建的南部。LaiwuisontheeastofTaian萊蕪在泰安的東部。2.表示方向的介詞：in，into，outof，along，down，across，through，to，towards，for，from，over，by，paste.g.Youmustputthedirtypaperinthebasket.【注】across和through的區(qū)別：across從...的表面穿過，through從...的內(nèi)部穿過。表示游渡，乘船過?；蜻^河時(shí)用across.如，Theriverrunsthroughthecity.Goacrossthebidge,you’llfindthepark【注意】常用方位介詞短語小結(jié)infrontof在前面。如，Thereisabigtreeinfrontofourclassroom.inthefrontof在前部。如，Tomissittinginthefrontoftheclassroom.atthebackof在后部。如，Thereisablackboardatthebackoftheclassroom.nextto靠近，相鄰。如，Thepostofficeisnexttoahospital.acrossfrom在對(duì)過。如，Thereisapostofficeacrossfromthehospital.betweenand在和之間。如，Thereisapostofficebetweenthehospitalandthelibrary.1.（2025年四川眉山完形填空節(jié)選）Forthefirsttime,thesoncarrieshisfather______acoldrivertotheotherside.23.A.up B.past C.across D.through2.(2024四川涼山中考真題）—Didyouhavefunwatchingthevolleyballgame?—No.Atallmanstood______me.Icouldn’tseetheplayersatall.A.nexttoB.acrossfromC.infrontof3.（2024江蘇揚(yáng)州中考真題）TheMarcoPoloMemorialHallstandsattheeastendofDongguanStreet______Yangzhou.A.toB.onC.atD.in4.（2024·山東東營·中考真題）Jack:Whenitthunders(打雷),whydoweseelightning(閃電)first,thenhearthunder?Tom:Becauseoureyesare______ears.Haha!Justajoke!A.beforeB.oppositeC.betweenD.beside5.（2023四川遂寧中考真題）Look!Thetrafficlightisgreen.Wecango______theroadnow.A.acrossB.aboveC.belowD.against答案與解析1.答案：C解析：句意：兒子第一次背著父親穿過一條冰冷的河流到對(duì)岸。up向上；past經(jīng)過；across橫跨；through穿過。根據(jù)“acoldrivertotheotherside.”可知，背著父親橫跨一條河，故選C。2.

答案：C。解析：根據(jù)“Icouldn’tseetheplayersatall.”可知，是有個(gè)高個(gè)子擋住了視線，所以應(yīng)該是站在“我”前面。“nextto”意為“在……旁邊”；“acrossfrom”意為“在……對(duì)面”；“infrontof”意為“在……前面”，故選C。3.

答案：D。解析：“in+大地點(diǎn)”表示“在……里面”，揚(yáng)州是一個(gè)城市，屬于大地點(diǎn)，“inYangzhou”表示“在揚(yáng)州”，故選D。4.

答案：A。解析：根據(jù)“Whenitthunders,whydoweseelightningfirst,thenhearthunder?”可知，這是一個(gè)玩笑，是說眼睛在耳朵“前面”所以先看到閃電，“before”有“在……前面”的意思，符合語境?！皁pposite”意為“在……對(duì)面”；“between”意為“在……之間”；“beside”意為“在……旁邊”，均不符合，故選A。5.

答案：A。解析：“across”表示“穿過，橫跨”，通常指從物體表面穿過，“goacrosstheroad”意為“過馬路”，符合句意?！癮bove”意為“在……上面”；“below”意為“在……下面”；“against”意為“反對(duì)；靠著”，均不符合題意，故選A?？键c(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)三其他介詞1,表示原因的介詞短語becauseofe.g.Becauseofherillnessmygrandmastayedinbedforaweek.【注】because,becauseof的區(qū)別：because是連詞后接從句，becauseof后接名詞或名詞性短語。如，Becauseofherillnessmygrandmastayedinbedforaweek.=Mygrandmastayedinbedforaweekbecauseshewasill.2.表示手段和材料等用法的介詞:with，in，by1),with：和…在一起，帶有、具有，用某種具體工具、材料或人體器官Ibelieveitwithmyeyes.Heiscuttingpaperwithaknife.CanIwritetheexampaperwithapen常用短語：withthehelpof2），in：以…形式，以…方式；用…語言/聲音，表示穿...衣著，用墨水、顏料等原料等。e.g.ShekeepsadiaryinEnglish.3）by：用...手段或方式。如，Theoldmanhadtomakealivingbysellingvegetables在交通工具前加介詞by，但不能再有任何指示代詞或冠詞，否則要改換相應(yīng)的介詞。bytaxi=inataxibytrain=inatrainbybike=onabikebyship=onashipbyboat=inaboatbybus=onabusbyplane=onaplanebyair空運(yùn)byland陸運(yùn)bysea海運(yùn)onfoot3,表示“由….制成”的介詞:of，fromA.of：表示成品看得出原材料e.g.Thetableismadeofwood.B.from：表示成品看不出原材料e.g.Thiskindofpaperismadefromwood.4,beside,besides,exeptbeside是"在……旁邊"，如：Thestudentsstoodbesidetheirteachers.而besides是"除……之外，不僅……而且……，除了……以外還有……"，如：IstudiedEnglishbesidesFrench,whenIwasincollege.而except則是除之外（不再有），如：IehereeverydayexceptSunday.Everyoneelseinmyclasswasinvitedexceptme.考點(diǎn)二表示地點(diǎn)、方向的介詞考點(diǎn)二表示地點(diǎn)、方向的介詞A.without：沒有e.g.Herushedtotheofficewithouthavinghisbreakfast.【注】常用短語：withoutone’shelpB.like：像，如，跟…一樣e.g.What’shelike?C.as：作為e.g.Heisfamousasascientisthere.D.against：靠著，反對(duì)e.g.Don’tstandagainstthedoor.Weareagainstbuildinganewzooinourcity.常用短語：beagainst(doing)sth;havenothingagainst1.（2024四川自貢中考真題）Wecangotoschool______biketomakeourcitygreener.A.byB.onC.in2.（2024四川涼山中考真題）—Maria.YouhavemadesuchagreatprogressinEnglish.—Thanks,Ms.Chen.Ican’tmakeit______yourhelp.A.withB.withoutC.for3.（2024黑龍江綏化中考真題）—I’mthirsty.I’dlikeabottleofwater.Howaboutyou,Bob?—Ipreferacupofcoffee______nothinginit.A.withoutB.withC.to4.（2024甘肅臨夏中考真題）Thehealthwebsiteprovidesalotofusefuladvice______teenagers.A.withB.forC.toD.on5.（2023遼寧營口中考真題）Thenewlybuiltteachingbuildingprovidesthestudents______afortablelearningenvironment.A.forB.toC.withD.in答案與解析1.

答案：A。解析：“by+交通工具”表示出行方式，“bybike”意為“騎自行車”，是固定用法，故選A。2.

答案：B。解析：“with”表示“有，伴隨”；“without”表示“沒有”；“for”表示“為了”。根據(jù)“Thanks,Ms.Chen.”可知，此處是說沒有老師的幫助就不會(huì)取得進(jìn)步，“withoutyourhelp”符合語境，故選B。3.

答案：B。解析：“without”意為“沒有”；“with”表示“帶有，具有”；“to”表示“到……”。根據(jù)“acupofcoffee”和“nothinginit”可知，是想要一杯里面什么都不加的咖啡，用“withnothinginit”作后置定語修飾“coffee”，故選B。4.

答案：B。解析：“providesth.forsb.”是固定短語，意為“為某人提供某物”，相當(dāng)于“providesb.withsth.”，此處“providesalotofusefuladviceforteenagers”符合該用法，故選B。5.

答案：C。解析：根據(jù)“providesthestudents______afortablelearningenvironment”可知，考查“providesb.withsth.”結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“為某人提供某物”，所以用介詞“with”，故選C。1.

Myhometownisfamous______itsexcellentviewsanddeliciousfood.A.withB.fromC.asD.for答案：D解析：“befamousfor”為固定搭配，表示“因……而聞名”，這里指家鄉(xiāng)因美景和美食聞名。故選D。2.

Tomlikesthehousewithabiggardenverymuch,butitspricegoes______hisabilitytopay.A.throughB.beyondC.aboveD.against答案：B解析：“gobeyond”表示“超出……范圍”，價(jià)格超出了他的支付能力?！癮bove”側(cè)重位置高于，“beyond”更強(qiáng)調(diào)抽象意義上的超出。故選B。3.

Youcantellalotaboutaperson______hishandwriting.A.AroundB.acrossC.fromD.of答案：C解析：“tell...from...”表示“從……中看出/判斷……”，這里指從筆跡了解一個(gè)人。故選C。4.

—InChina,drivingafterdrinking______.—Youareright.That’s______thelaw.A.isnotallowed;againstB.wasnotallowed;forC.arenotallowed;forD.werenotallowed;against答案：A解析：第一空，動(dòng)名詞短語“drivingafterdrinking”作主語，謂語用單數(shù)，且陳述客觀事實(shí)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，排除B/D；第二空，“againstthelaw”表示“違反法律”，符合句意。故選A。5.

ProfessorLihasgonetoShanghai______business.Hewillebacknextweek.A.atB.onC.forD.in答案：B解析：“onbusiness”為固定短語，意為“出差”。故選B。6.

YoucanbeebetteratEnglish______readingsomethingyouenjoyeveryday.A.withB.aboutC.betweenD.by答案：D解析：“by+動(dòng)名詞”表示“通過……方式”，這里指通過閱讀喜歡的東西提升英語。故選D。7.

Chinaisnowencouragingpaniestomakebetterproductsandservices______theold.A.withB.ofC.forD.as答案：C解析：“forsb.”表示“為了某人”，這里指為老年人提供產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)。故選C。8.

CaiLeisaysthistoolisspeciallydesigned______ASL(漸凍癥)patientstoreadbooks.A.throughB.acrossC.forD.over答案：C解析：“bedesignedforsb.”表示“為某人設(shè)計(jì)”，工具是為漸凍癥患者設(shè)計(jì)的。故選C。9.

—Thepoemiswritten______anancientstyle.—Doyoumeanthatveryfewpeople______understandit?A.by;mayB.for;can’tC.with;mustn’tD.in;can答案：D解析：第一空，“in...style”表示“以……風(fēng)格”；第二空，“can”表示“能夠”，符合“很少有人能理解”的語境。故選D。10.

—Jimmypracticedhardestamongusandhewonfirstprizeinthepetition.—Adreamcan’tetrue______hardwork.A.byB.throughC.withoutD.in答案：C解析：“without”表示“沒有”，句意“沒有努力，夢(mèng)想無法實(shí)現(xiàn)”，符合語境。故選C。11.

WorldBookDayis______April23rdeveryyear.A.inB.onC.atD.for答案：B解析：具體日期“April23rd”前用介詞“on”。故選B。12.

ThousandsofvisitorsetoZhaotongfortheirtrips______summereveryyear.A.inB.atC.onD.with答案：A解析：季節(jié)“summer”前用介詞“in”。故選A。13.

—MissZhao,couldyoupleasetellmehowIcanimprovemyself?—Oneofthebestwaysistoplay______someonewhoisstronger.A.AcrossB.alongC.amongD.against答案：D解析：“playagainst”表示“與……對(duì)抗/比賽”，通過和更強(qiáng)的人較量提升自己。故選D。14.

Ireadthebookaboutthestarsandlearnedthattheone______ustonightiscalledPolaris.A.againstB.betweenC.aboveD.on答案：C解析：“above”表示“在……上方”，北極星在我們上方的天空中。故選C。15.

Afterhelpedbythepolice,theboythankedthem______abigsmile.A.atB.toC.withD.on答案：C解析：“with”表示“用……方式”，這里指用燦爛的笑容感謝警察。故選C。真題感知一、單項(xiàng)選擇1.（2023湖北武漢中考真題）PleasebringMs.Steentotheweleparty______tellinghersothatshecanbesurprised.A.aboutB.fromC.withoutD.for答案：C解析：根據(jù)“讓她驚喜”可知，需要“不告訴她”。without表示“沒有、不”，后接動(dòng)名詞telling，符合語境。故選C。2.（2023黑龍江統(tǒng)考中考真題）The20thNationalCongressoftheCPCwasconvened(召開)______October16th,2022.A.onB.inC.by答案：A解析：具體日期“October16th,2022”前用介詞on。in用于年月季節(jié)，at用于具體時(shí)刻，by表示“到……為止”。故選A。3.（2023黑龍江綏化中考真題）—DidAlanandLilyjointheartclub______June20th,2023?—Yes,Ijoinedit,too.A.onB.inC.at答案：A解析：具體日期“June20th,2023”前用on。in用于月份（如inJune），at用于時(shí)刻。故選A。4.（2023湖南株洲中考真題）Chinalaunched(發(fā)射)Shenzhou16mannedspaceshipsuccessfully______May30,2023.A.atB.onC.in答案：B解析：具體日期“May30,2023”前用on。at+時(shí)刻，in+年月/季節(jié)。故選B。5.（2023福建中考真題）Thetoyis______mylittlebrother.Iboughtityesterday.A.forB.fromC.by答案：A解析：for表示“給、為了”，此處指“玩具是給弟弟的”。from“來自”，by“被”，均不符合語境。故選A。6.（2023江蘇連云港中考真題）TheinstrumentEyelarpisspeciallydesigned______disabledpeopletoplaymusicwitheyes.A.inB.asC.forD.over答案：C解析：bedesignedforsb.表示“為某人設(shè)計(jì)”，固定搭配。in“在……里”，as“作為”，over“超過”，均不搭配。故選C。7.（2023四川瀘州中考真題）—Congratulations!Canyoushareyoursecrettolearning?—Ifyouworkhardenough,youwillsucceed______achievingyourgoal.A.OnB.aboutC.inD.for答案：C.in解析：succeedindoingsth.是固定搭配，意為“成功做某事”，此處指“成功實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)”，故選C。8.（2023四川成都中考真題）DengQingming,anastronautofShenzhou15,achievedhisdream______manyyears’hardwork.A.withoutB.in