2019屆中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)第一篇語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)第16課九年級(jí)Units3_4基礎(chǔ)知識(shí).docx

第16課 九年級(jí) Units 34課前預(yù)熱中考詞匯拓展重點(diǎn)易錯(cuò)單詞1. stamp 郵票2. beside 在旁邊3. postcard 明信片4. rush 倉(cāng)促；急促5. grape 葡萄6. mail 郵件7. fascinating 迷人的8. convenient 方便的9. corner 角落10. politely 禮貌地11. request 要求；請(qǐng)求12. direction 方向；方位13. correct 正確的；恰當(dāng)?shù)?4. speaker 發(fā)言者15. impolite 不禮貌的16. address 地址17. underground 地下的；地鐵18. course 課程；學(xué)科19. humorous 有幽默感的20. interview 采訪；面試21. dare 敢于22. private 私人的23. public 民眾；公開(kāi)的24. influence 影響25. seldom 不常；很少26. proud 自豪的27. pride 自豪；驕傲28. absent 缺席的；不在的29. exactly 確切地；精確地30. general 普遍的；總的；將軍詞匯拓展1. suggest（v.） suggestion （n.）建議；提議2. center（n.） central （adj.）中心的；中央的3. east（n.） eastern （adj.）東方的；東部的4. convenient（adj.） convenience （n.）便利；方便 inconvenient （反義詞）不方便的；不便利的5. polite（adj.） politely （adv.）禮貌地；客氣地 impolite （反義詞）不禮貌的；粗魯?shù)?. direct（adj.） indirect （反義詞）間接的 direction （n.）方向；方位7. correct（adj.） correctly （adv.）正確地；恰當(dāng)?shù)?. speak（v.） speaker （n.）講（某種語(yǔ)言）的人；發(fā)言者 spoke （過(guò)去式） spoken （過(guò)去分詞）說(shuō)（某種語(yǔ)言）；說(shuō)話9. whom（pron.） who （pron.）誰(shuí)（主格） whose （pron.）誰(shuí)的10. humor（n.） humorous （adj.）有幽默感的；滑稽的；有趣的11. silent（adj.） silence （n.）沉默；緘默；無(wú)聲 silently （adv.）不說(shuō)話地；沉默地12. interview（v. & n.） interviewer （n.）面試者；采訪者13. Asia（n.） Asian （adj. & n.）亞洲（人）的；亞洲人14. Europe（n.） European （adj.）歐洲的；歐洲人的15. Africa（n.） African （adj.）非洲的；非洲人的16. Britain（n.） British （adj.）英國(guó)的；英國(guó)人的17. absent（adj.） absence （n.）缺席；不在 present （反義詞）出席的18. fail（v.） failure （n.）失敗 success （反義詞）成功19. examine（v.） examination/exam （n.）考試；檢查20. exact（adj.） exactly （adv.）確切地；精確地21. pride（n.） proud （adj.）自豪的；驕傲的22. general（adj.） generally （adv.）普遍地；廣泛地23. speech（n.） speeches （pl.）演講24. crowd（n. & v.） crowded （adj.）擁擠的 uncrowded （adj.）不擁擠的25. deal（v.） dealt （過(guò)去式/過(guò)去分詞）對(duì)付；對(duì)待26. require（v.） requirement （n.）所需的（或所要的）東西中考詞組短語(yǔ)詞 組1. pardon me請(qǐng)?jiān)僬f(shuō)一次2. from time to time時(shí)常；有時(shí)3. in public公開(kāi)地4. be proud of. 為驕傲5. in person親自6. take pride in. 為感到自豪7. beside the bank在銀行旁邊8. go past the bookstore經(jīng)過(guò)書店9. be commonly used in. 在普遍使用10. hold ones hand抓住某人的手11. on ones way to. 在去的路上12. pass by Uncle Bobs經(jīng)過(guò)鮑勃叔叔的飯店13. at the door在門口14. go east along this street沿著這條街向東走15. ask for help politely有禮貌地求助16. sound much more polite聽(tīng)起來(lái)更有禮貌17. look forward to. 期待18. in a rush匆忙19. on the third floor在第三層樓20. turn red變紅21. a 19-year-old Asian pop star一位19歲的亞洲流行明星22. get tons of attention all the time一直備受關(guān)注23. think about giving up想著放棄24. require a lot of talent to succeed需要很多天賦才能成功25. make it to the top成功到達(dá)巔峰26. read books on European history讀關(guān)于歐洲歷史的書27. be absent from缺席28. make a decision做決定29. advise sb. to do sth. 建議某人做某事30. to ones surprise使某人驚訝的是31. be afraid of being alone害怕孤獨(dú)32. have a great influence on sb. 對(duì)某人有巨大影響中考句型回顧書面表達(dá)素材1. 人際溝通When you visit a foreign country, it is important to know how to ask for help politely.當(dāng)你在國(guó)外旅游時(shí)，知道如何禮貌地尋求幫助很重要。The expressions they use might depend on whom they are speaking to or how well they know each other. 他們使用的表達(dá)方式或許取決于他們說(shuō)話的對(duì)象或他們對(duì)彼此的熟識(shí)程度。Sometimes, we even need to spend some time leading into a request. 有時(shí)，我們甚至需要花些時(shí)間來(lái)引入一個(gè)請(qǐng)求。2. 人物變化I was scared at first , but shouting really did help. 起初我很害怕，但是喊叫確實(shí)有用。Candy told me that she used to be really shy and took up singing to deal with her shyness.坎迪告訴我，她過(guò)去很害羞，于是學(xué)著（利用）唱歌來(lái)克服她的害羞。It is hard to believe that he used to have difficulties in school.很難相信他曾經(jīng)在學(xué)業(yè)上有困難。Now he is much happier and more outgoing than he used to be.現(xiàn)在他變得比從前更快樂(lè)和外向了。My life has changed a lot in the last few years. 我的生活在過(guò)去幾年中已經(jīng)有了很大的改變。The biggest change in my life was that I am busier than before.我生活最大的改變就是我比以前更忙了。語(yǔ)法精萃Could you tell us when the band starts playing this evening?你能告訴我今晚什么時(shí)候樂(lè)隊(duì)會(huì)開(kāi)始表演嗎？（特殊疑問(wèn)句的賓語(yǔ)從句）You used to be short, didnt you ? 你曾經(jīng)矮，是嗎？Yes, I did./No, I didnt. 是的。/不是的。（反意疑問(wèn)句）I used to be short. 我曾經(jīng)很矮。（used to在肯定句中的用法）She didnt use to be popular in school. 她曾經(jīng)在學(xué)校不受歡迎。（used to在否定句中的用法）情景交際Excuse me, do you know where I can buy some medicine?打擾一下，你知道哪里可以買藥嗎？Sure, theres a supermarket down the street. 當(dāng)然知道，沿街就有個(gè)超市。課堂突破中考重點(diǎn)單詞與短語(yǔ)一、waste的用法【例句展示】1. When he was in the middle school, he wasted a lot of time.他在中學(xué)時(shí)浪費(fèi)了很多時(shí)間。2. Dont throw waste chemicals into rivers.不要把廢棄的化學(xué)物品扔進(jìn)河里。3. We all think its a waste of time and money.我們都認(rèn)為這事既浪費(fèi)時(shí)間又浪費(fèi)金錢。4. My parents tell me not to waste time watching TV.我的父母告訴我不要浪費(fèi)時(shí)間看電視?！揪v辨析】1. waste作動(dòng)詞，意為“浪費(fèi)”。2. waste作形容詞，意為“廢棄的；丟棄的；無(wú)用的”。3. waste作名詞，意為“廢棄物；廢料”。4. waste. （in） doing sth.浪費(fèi)做某事?！净顚W(xué)活用】用waste的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. Be careful not_ paper.2. Dont_ your time in playing computer games.3. Its a_ of time.二、dare的用法【例句展示】1. We must dare to think, speak and act. 我們必須敢想、敢說(shuō)、敢做。2. He doesnt dare （to） say anything. 他什么也不敢說(shuō)。3. We all know she was wrong, but none of us dared （to） tell her. 我們都知道她錯(cuò)了，但我們沒(méi)有一個(gè)人敢對(duì)她說(shuō)?！揪v辨析】dare為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，意為“敢于；膽敢”。dare to do sth. 意為“敢于做某事”，其中to有時(shí)可以省略（尤其是在否定句或疑問(wèn)句中）?！净顚W(xué)活用】根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)意思翻譯句子。她很勇敢，她敢與壞人作斗爭(zhēng)。She was very brave. She_ fight with bad people.三、worry的用法【例句展示】1. Pierres worry is that his son might fail in the English exam.皮爾擔(dān)心他兒子英語(yǔ)考試可能會(huì)不及格。2. Dont worry. All of us will help you if you need.不要擔(dān)心。如果你需要，我們都會(huì)幫你的。3. Henry always worries about his grades.亨利總是擔(dān)心他的成績(jī)。4. The worrying situation makes him nervous.令人擔(dān)憂的情形使他緊張。5. She was worried about her husband because he had been away for two weeks without any message to her.她擔(dān)心她的丈夫，因?yàn)樗央x開(kāi)兩周，且毫無(wú)音信?！揪v辨析】1. 例句1中的worry是名詞，意為“煩惱；憂慮”。2. 由例句2和3可知，worry是動(dòng)詞，意為“擔(dān)心；擔(dān)憂；焦慮”，其后常接介詞about構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)worry about,表示“擔(dān)心”。3. worry的形容詞形式有兩種：worrying和worried。worrying表示“令人擔(dān)憂的”，如例句4，常用來(lái)修飾事物；worried表示“擔(dān)心的；擔(dān)憂的”，常用來(lái)修飾人，并常用于be worried about結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“擔(dān)心”，如例句5?！净顚W(xué)活用】根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)意思翻譯句子。1. 導(dǎo)游已經(jīng)為學(xué)校郊游安排好了路線。我們不用為此擔(dān)心。The tour guide has made the route for the school trip. We dont need to_that.2. 我現(xiàn)在最大的擔(dān)憂是找到一個(gè)住的地方。My_now is finding somewhere to live.3. 這個(gè)年輕人總是擔(dān)心他父母的健康。The young man always_his parents health.四、a good place to eat的用法【例句展示】Can you tell me where theres a good place to eat?你能告訴我哪里有吃飯的好地方嗎？【精講辨析】1. a good place to eat意為“吃飯的好地方”，其中to eat作定語(yǔ)，修飾前面的名詞place。動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)通常放在被修飾的名詞或代詞之后，常見(jiàn)的此類名詞還有way, time, chance, opportunity等。如：He has an opportunity to go abroad now. 他現(xiàn)在有一次出國(guó)的機(jī)會(huì)。2. 動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，當(dāng)被修飾的詞是不定式的邏輯賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式中的動(dòng)詞必須是及物的；如果不定式中的動(dòng)詞是不及物的，就要帶相關(guān)的介詞，使其構(gòu)成及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，此時(shí)的介詞一定不要省略。如：I need some paper to write on. 我需要一些用來(lái)寫字的紙。She can find no one to make friends with. 她找不到一個(gè)可以交朋友的人。Im looking for a room to live in. 我正在尋找一個(gè)房間住?！净顚W(xué)活用】A）用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. Why dont you go out to play, Rose?Im afraid I cant. I have much homework（do）.B）根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)意思翻譯句子。2. 我沒(méi)有一個(gè)練習(xí)英語(yǔ)的同伴。I dont have a partner_.五、suggest的用法【例句展示】1. I suggest Water City Restaurant in Water World.我建議去水上世界的水城餐館。2. He suggested a walk. 他提議散個(gè)步。3. She suggested going there by bike.她建議騎自行車去那兒。4. He suggested （that） we （should） do it at once. 他建議我們立刻做這件事。5. His pale face suggested that he was ill. 他蒼白的臉色表明他生病了?！揪v辨析】1. suggest是及物動(dòng)詞，意為“建議；提議”，名詞形式為suggestion，意為“建議；提議”。其用法如下：（1）suggest sth. 意為“提議/建議某事”。（2）suggest doing sth. 意為“建議做某事”。（3）suggest+that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，意為“建議”，這時(shí)賓語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“（should）+動(dòng)詞原形”。2. suggest還可意為“暗示；表明”?！净顚W(xué)活用】用suggest的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. He gave me some_ . They were really helpful.2. My sister_ having a picnic beside the river last Sunday.中考重點(diǎn)句型一、Excuse me, do you know where I can change money?打擾一下，你知道我可以去哪里換錢嗎？【例句展示】Excuse me. Could you please tell me where I can get a dictionary?打擾一下。請(qǐng)你告訴我哪兒可以買到字典？【歸納提高】問(wèn)路的句型：1. Excuse me, where is the （nearest） post office?打擾一下，請(qǐng)告訴我（最近的）郵局在哪兒？=Would you please tell me where the （nearest） post office is?=Excuse me, which is the way to the （nearest） post office?=Excuse me, can/could you tell me the way to the （nearest） post office?=Excuse me, how can/do I get to the （nearest） post office?2. Excuse me, can you tell me how to get to the nearest hospital?打擾一下，你能告訴我怎樣才能到最近的醫(yī)院?jiǎn)幔?Excuse me, is there a hospital nearby （near here）?=Would you please tell me if there is a hospital nearby?3. Excuse me, could you please tell me where theres a good place to eat?打擾一下，你能告訴我哪兒有吃東西的好地方嗎？【活學(xué)活用】句型轉(zhuǎn)換。1. Could you tell me how I can get to the bookstore?（改為同義句）Could you tell me_ to the bookstore?2. Do you know which is the way to the post office? （改為同義句）Do you know_ the post office?二、.have/has.in the last.years.在過(guò)去的年里，已經(jīng)【例句展示】My life has changed a lot in the last few years.在過(guò)去的幾年里，我的生活改變了許多?！練w納提高】1. in the last few years意為“在過(guò)去的幾年里”，在句子中作狀語(yǔ)。其結(jié)構(gòu)屬于：in the last/past+數(shù)詞+years/months/weeks/days,表示“在過(guò)去的時(shí)間里”，一般要和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。2. 我們以前學(xué)過(guò)：a few意為“幾個(gè)”，表示肯定意義；而few意為“沒(méi)幾個(gè)”，具有否定意義。但是當(dāng)a few前有past, last, every等詞修飾時(shí)，few前的冠詞a要省去。所以在in the last/past few years中few沒(méi)有否定的含義，只是省略了a。如：We went to see our parents every few days.每隔幾天，我們就去看望父母一次。【活學(xué)活用】用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。Great changes_（take） place in China in the past twenty years.三、Talk about what you used to be like.談?wù)勀氵^(guò)去是怎樣的?！纠湔故尽?. He used to be late for school.他過(guò)去經(jīng)常上學(xué)遲到。2. He is used to getting up early.他習(xí)慣于早起?！練w納提高】1. used to do sth. 過(guò)去常常做某事，表示過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在對(duì)比，暗指現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不存在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。2. be/get used to doing sth.習(xí)慣于做某事，to為介詞，后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞?！净顚W(xué)活用】用適當(dāng)?shù)亩陶Z(yǔ)填空。How does Jack usually go to school?He_ ride a bike, but now he there to lose weight.四、Its been+一段時(shí)間+since+從句=It is+一段時(shí)間+since+從句自從以來(lái)已經(jīng)有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了?！纠湔故尽?. It has been five years since I began to learn English.=Its five years since I began to learn English.自從我開(kāi)始學(xué)英語(yǔ)已經(jīng)有5年的時(shí)間了。2. She has taught us English since I came to this school.自從我來(lái)到這所學(xué)校她就教我們英語(yǔ)。3. He has worked there since 10 years ago. 他在那兒已經(jīng)工作10年了。【歸納提高】1. since用作連詞，意為“自從；自以來(lái)”。主句常用完成時(shí)，且動(dòng)詞須用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。since后接從句，該從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。2. since還可用作介詞，意為“自從以來(lái)”，后接表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)的詞?！净顚W(xué)活用】用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空。My uncle has taught in this school_ he was twenty years old.中考詞語(yǔ)辨析一、alone與lonely【例句展示】1. I think Ill live in an apartment with my best friend, because I dont like living alone.我想我會(huì)和我最好的朋友住在一套公寓里，因?yàn)槲也幌矚g一個(gè)人居住。2. She felt lonely. 她感到孤獨(dú)。【辨異突破】1. alone作形容詞，意為“單獨(dú)的；孤獨(dú)的”，在句中作表語(yǔ)或后置定語(yǔ)，強(qiáng)調(diào)別無(wú)他人，處于完全孤立的境地。2. alone也可以作副詞，意為“單獨(dú)地；獨(dú)自地”，通常用于陳述客觀事實(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)獨(dú)自一人，沒(méi)別的同伴。如：She lives alone. 她一個(gè)人生活。3. lonely作形容詞，指人時(shí)意為“孤獨(dú)的；感到寂寞的”，指地方時(shí)表示“荒涼的；偏僻的；荒無(wú)人煙的”，有濃厚的感情色彩，可作定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。如：a lonely mountainvillage一個(gè)偏僻的山村【活學(xué)活用】用alone或lonely填空。1. The man lived in a_ village. He is , but he didnt feel_.2. Boys and girls, you should do your homework .3. The baby is too young. We cant leave it .二、proud與pride【例句展示】1. We all felt proud of our success.我們都為我們的成功而自豪。2. Jimmy is the pride of his parents.吉米是他父母的驕傲?！颈娈愅黄啤?. proud作形容詞，意為“自豪的；驕傲的”。be proud to do sth. 因做某事而驕傲；be proud of.以為驕傲。2. pride作名詞，意為“驕傲；自豪”。be the pride of.是的驕傲；take pride in.以為驕傲?！净顚W(xué)活用】用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空。1. Shen Xue and Zhao Hongbo won the gold medal for China so were proud_ them.2. My parents always take_ in me.三、for example, such as與like【例句展示】1. He is a helpful person; for example, he donated100,000 yuan to the charity yesterday.他是個(gè)樂(lè)于助人的人，例如，昨天他給慈善機(jī)構(gòu)捐了10萬(wàn)元。2. I like many subjects at school, such as English, math, science and so on.在學(xué)校，我喜歡許多學(xué)科，比如英語(yǔ)、數(shù)學(xué)、科學(xué)等。3. I like drinks like/such as tea and soda.我喜歡飲料，如茶和蘇打汽水?！颈娈愅黄啤咳叨伎梢员硎玖信e。for example一般只列舉同類人或物中的“一個(gè)”，可置于句首、句中、句末。作為插入語(yǔ)，用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)；such as常列舉同類人或物中的多個(gè)例子，可與and so on連用，也可與like（像；比方說(shuō)）互換。但such as用于舉例時(shí)可分開(kāi)用，此時(shí)不與like互換。在閱讀理解時(shí)，可以通過(guò)列舉的事例對(duì)所解釋的詞進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步理解?！净顚W(xué)活用】用for example, such as或like填空。1. Some warm-blooded animals,_ the cat, the dog, dont need to hibernate（冬眠）.2._, air is invisible（看不見(jiàn)的）.四、between與among【例句展示】1. The drugstore is between the furniture store and the bookstore.藥店在家具店與書店之間。2. The teacher is among his students.老師在學(xué)生們之間。【辨異突破】1. between是介詞，意為“（兩者）之間”，常用結(jié)構(gòu)為between.and.。2. among是介詞，意為“（三者或三者以上）之間”?！净顚W(xué)活用】用between或among填空。1. Do you know the man_ those trees?2. The boy_ Mr. Red and Mrs. Red is Nick, their son.五、until與till【例句展示】1. He watched TV until/till midnight last night. 他昨天晚上看電視一直到半夜。2. I waited for him until/till he came back. 我一直等到他回來(lái)。3. He didnt go home until/till ten oclock.他直到10點(diǎn)才回家。4. I hadnt realized the thing was so serious until/till she told me about it.=Until she told me about it, I hadnt realized the thing was so serious. （第二句不能用till代替until）直到她告訴我，我才意識(shí)到這件事如此嚴(yán)重。【辨異突破】1. until可以放在句首，till不能。till多用于口語(yǔ)中。兩個(gè)詞都可以用作介詞，也可以用作連詞。作介詞時(shí)，后接名詞或短語(yǔ)，在句子中作狀語(yǔ)；作連詞時(shí)引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。2. until/till用于肯定句中，句子或主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，表示這一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到until/till所表示的時(shí)間為止。這樣的動(dòng)詞有l(wèi)ive, wait, last, work等。3. until/till用于否定句中，其句型為not.until/till.，意為“直到才”或“在之前不（沒(méi)有）”，通常與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用，強(qiáng)調(diào)句子或主句所表示的狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作從until/till所表示的時(shí)間才發(fā)生，句子或主句必須是否定句。表示非延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞有come, go, leave, meet, realize, understand, reach, get, arrive等。【活學(xué)活用】用till或until填空。1. My father didnt go to bed_ I returned home.2._ his teacher told him about it, he hadnt realized his mistake.當(dāng)堂檢測(cè)一、用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. Have you ever read books on_（Africa） culture?2. He is good at making_（speech） in English.3. He has been to many_（Europe） countries.4. I like fruit, especially_（grape）.5. Its not enough to answer the questions_（correct）. You should be polite as well.6. All of us felt very_（pride） when we won the soccer match.7. The man asked_（polite）, “Could you please tell me where the bank is?”8. Sometimes it is_（help） to make a list of everything you have to do.9. Visitors are_（request） not to touch the exhibitions and take pictures in the museum.10. At the beginning, the_（speak） thought his topic was very boring, but the ending was very moving.二、用方框中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，每詞限用一次。 shy silence fail ton introduce 1. After hearing the news of his fathers death, the man kept_ for a long time and cried suddenly.2. After hearing the words, the girls face turned red because of_.3. The man was interested in the_ about the book and decided to buy it.4. Mike is busy these days because hes got_ of work to do.5. The boy who was often absent from classes_again.三、根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容和所給漢語(yǔ)提示，在空白處寫出單詞的正確形式。每空限填一詞。There is a kind of pretty popular tra