汕尾浪花中學(xué)高考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)課件16.ppt

語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)講練主謂一致,汕尾浪花中學(xué)高考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)課件16,語(yǔ)法精講,一、語(yǔ)法一致原則 主語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù)決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式，即主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。 Two students are waiting for you in your office. 兩名學(xué)生在辦公室等你。,語(yǔ)法精講,二、意義一致原則 (一)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為單數(shù)的情況 1由連詞and連接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出現(xiàn)。 The worker and writer is from Wuhan. 那個(gè)工人兼作家來自武漢。 2“no/each/every/many a單數(shù)名詞andno/each/every/many a單數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)。,語(yǔ)法精講,Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers. 每一個(gè)人都很有理由為他們的父親所從事的職業(yè)感到驕傲。 3one/every one/each/either/the numberof復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)。 Each of the students has a book. 每個(gè)學(xué)生都有一本書。,語(yǔ)法精講,4由every-，any-，some-，no-和-one，-thing，-body等所構(gòu)成的不定代詞作主語(yǔ)。 Is everybody here today？今天每個(gè)人都在這兒?jiǎn)幔?5非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、名詞性從句作主語(yǔ)。 Persuading him to join us seems really hard. 勸他加入我們看起來確實(shí)難。,語(yǔ)法精講,To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit. 早睡早起是一個(gè)好習(xí)慣。 Whatever was left was taken away. 無論剩下了什么都被拿走了。,語(yǔ)法精講,【注意】 what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式，但若從句謂語(yǔ)或從句后的表語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 What they need are books.他們需要的是書。,語(yǔ)法精講,(二)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)的情況 1由and連接的兩個(gè)并列成分表示兩個(gè)不同的概念。 Both bread and butter are sold out. 面包和黃油都賣完了。 2people，police，cattle等有生命的集體名詞作主語(yǔ)。 People read for pleasure during their spare time. 人們?cè)谒麄兊臉I(yè)余時(shí)間以讀為樂。,語(yǔ)法精講,3一些常用作復(fù)數(shù)或只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞， 如goods，stairs，arms等作主語(yǔ)。 The goods are sold out.商品都賣完了。 4由山脈、群島、瀑布、運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)等以s結(jié)尾的專有名詞作主語(yǔ)。 The Olympic Games are held once every four years. 奧運(yùn)會(huì)每四年舉行一次。,語(yǔ)法精講,5a number of/quantities of/a group of名詞，作主語(yǔ)。 A number of other plants were found in America. 在美國(guó)發(fā)現(xiàn)了大量的其他植物。,語(yǔ)法精講,(2009年高考福建卷)Why does the lake smell terrible? Because large quantities of water_. Ahave polluted Bis being polluted Chas been polluted Dhave been polluted,考點(diǎn)鏈接,語(yǔ)法精講,【解析】 句意：這湖水怎么這么難聞？因?yàn)榇罅康乃呀?jīng)被污染了。本題考查時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)及主謂一致問題。water與pollute為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故排除A項(xiàng)；B表“正被污染”，故排除；large quantities of后加名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與quantities保持?jǐn)?shù)一致，故排除C項(xiàng)，答案為D項(xiàng)。 【答案】 D,語(yǔ)法精講,(三)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單、復(fù)數(shù)視情況而定 1集體名詞class，family，army，team，club，population，enemy，party，crowd，crew，audience，public，government，majority，group等作主語(yǔ)，強(qiáng)調(diào)整體用單數(shù)，指?jìng)€(gè)體成員用復(fù)數(shù)。 The population in China is very large and 80% of the population live in rural areas. 中國(guó)人口很多，其中80%的人住在農(nóng)村。,語(yǔ)法精講,2單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)形式要根據(jù)其具體含義而定，這類詞有：means，works，pains，deer，fish，sheep等。 Every means has been tried to solve the problem，but none is effective. 每種方法都試過，但沒有一個(gè)有效。 There are various means of communicating with a stranger. 同陌生人交流有很多不同的方法。,語(yǔ)法精講,3.“kind，sort，pair，type名詞”作主語(yǔ)，以這些名詞本身的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。 The kind of paper is made of straw. 這種紙是由稻草制成的。 Some kinds of animals are dying out. 一些種類的動(dòng)物要滅絕了。 4all，none，some，any等不定代詞作主語(yǔ)，根據(jù)其指代的內(nèi)容而定。 All is going on very well.一切順利。 All are present besides the professor. 包括教授在內(nèi)大家都在。,語(yǔ)法精講,5“half/most/enough/part/the rest/the last/lots/plenty/分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)of名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要和of之后的名詞單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致。 A lot of students are coming to the meeting. 有很多學(xué)生要來開會(huì)。 A lot of work is to be done to prepare for the conference. 準(zhǔn)備這次會(huì)議需要做大量的工作。,語(yǔ)法精講,三、就近一致原則 1由or，either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but also.等連接的并列主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常與最近的主語(yǔ)在單復(fù)數(shù)上保持一致。 Neither you nor I am fit for the work. 你和我都不適合這份工作。 Are neither you nor I fit for the work? 你和我都不適合這份工作嗎？,語(yǔ)法精講,【注意】 “with/along with/together with/including/but/except/like/as well as/no more than/besides/rather than名詞”置于主語(yǔ)后，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般仍與前面的名詞在單復(fù)數(shù)上保持一致。 Henry，rather than Jane and John，is responsible for the loss. 損失的責(zé)任應(yīng)由亨利而不是由簡(jiǎn)和約翰來承擔(dān)。,語(yǔ)法精講,(2009年高考陜西卷)Dr.Smith，together with his wife and daughters，_visit Beijing this summer. Ais going to Bare going to Cwas going to Dwere going to,考點(diǎn)鏈接,語(yǔ)法精講,【解析】 本題考查主謂一致。句意：Dr.Smith將在今年夏天和妻子女兒們一起游覽北京。由this summer可知本句應(yīng)用一般將來時(shí)，故排除C、D；together with連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)取決于其前面的主語(yǔ)，故選A。 【答案】 A,語(yǔ)法精講,