2019_2020學(xué)年高中英語(yǔ)Module5GreatPeopleandGreatInventionsofAncientChinaSectionⅠWarmingUpPre_reading.docx

Module 5 Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient China張仲景，東漢末年著名醫(yī)學(xué)家，被后人尊稱(chēng)為醫(yī)圣。張仲景廣泛收集醫(yī)方，寫(xiě)出了傳世巨著傷寒雜病論。現(xiàn)在就讓我們來(lái)了解一下張仲景的有關(guān)情況吧。Zhang Zhongjing (150219AD) was a wellknown doctor of traditional Chinese medicine during the Eastern Han Dynasty.His masterpiece，Treatise on Cold Pathogenic and Miscellaneous Diseases(傷寒雜病論)，is the oldest clinical textbook in the history of medicine.Zhang Zhongjing spent a lot of time studying from his childhood.Before the age of 10，he had read lots of medical books.His master，Zhang Bozu，was also a renowned doctor of traditional Chinese medicine at the time.After years of hard work，Zhang Zhongjing wrote all 16 volumes of Cold Pathogenic and Miscellaneous Diseases，which is a medical masterpiece based on his personal clinical practice and large amounts of information he collected.This book has laid a sound foundation for future development of medicine.Once，when Zhang Zhongjing travelled to Luoyang for work，he met Wang Can，one of the “Seven Scholars of Jianan” in the history of Chinese literature and found a disease hiding in his body.He then said to Wang Can，“You are sick and should be treated as early as possible，otherwise your eyebrows will fall off at the age of 40 and you will die.Now，if you start taking the medicine given by me，you will survive.” Wang Can did not believe Zhang Zhongjings words.Twenty years later，his eyebrows began to fall off slowly and after half a year，he died.It is said that when Zhang Zhongjing took office at the age of 50 in Changsha as a government official，he always kept his clinical practice in mind and tried to help people whenever he could.He set aside two days every month (the first day and the fifteenth day) to see patients.Dumplings，a traditional favorite of Chinese people，are believed to have been first used by Zhang Zhongjing in treating people suffering from frostbite and hunger.Zhang Zhongjing was not only an outstanding doctor of traditional Chinese medicine，he was also honest and kindhearted.He saved countless lives by carefully treating each patient，no matter who they were.閱讀障礙詞1masterpiecen代表作；杰作2clinical adj.臨床的3renowned adj.有名望的；著名的4practice n(醫(yī)生或律師)開(kāi)業(yè)；從業(yè)5frostbite n凍瘡誘思導(dǎo)讀閱讀短文，判斷正(T)誤(F)。1Zhang Zhongjing did not like studying when he was a child.()2Cold Pathogenic and Miscellaneous Diseases was based on the clinical practice of Zhang Zhongjing and his master.()3Wang Can might not have died that early if he had followed Zhang Zhongjings advice.()4Zhang Zhongjing still tried his best to help people after he took office at the age of 50.()5Zhang Zhongjing used dumplings to treat people suffering from frostbite and hunger.()【答案】15FFTTTSectionWarming Up，Pre-reading & Reading.匹配下列單詞的詞性及漢語(yǔ)意思()1.equalAn.職位()2.importance Bn.善良()3.thinker Cn.顧問(wèn)()4.kindness Dn.秩序()5.order Eadj.平等的()6.principle Fn.原則；準(zhǔn)則()7.position Gn.思想家()8.stress Hvt.強(qiáng)調(diào)()9.resign Ivi.辭職()10.adviser Jn.重要；重要性【答案】15EJGBD610FAHIC.選擇下列句中詞組的漢語(yǔ)意思A結(jié)果 B相信 C與交戰(zhàn) D和相似 E教育1I believe in your ability to solve the problem. 2I bought some new shoes which are very similar to a pair I had before. 3Daisy got several of her poems published in various magazines.As a result，she became a little bit famous in their small town. 4They were at war with the local Indians and came into the valley. 5In my day，children were brought up to respect the law. 【答案】15BDACEPhilosophers (哲學(xué)家) of Ancient ChinaAncient China was a place where states were often at war with each other.But it was also a time when there were many great philosophers.Confucius (551 BC479 BC) is the philosopher whose influence has been the greatest.He stressed the importance of kindness，duty and order in society.Chinese society was influenced by these ideas for more than 2，000 years.古代中國(guó)的哲學(xué)家古代中國(guó)各諸侯國(guó)之間經(jīng)常發(fā)生戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。但那也是一個(gè)產(chǎn)生了許多哲學(xué)家的時(shí)期?？鬃?公元前551公元前479)是影響最大的哲學(xué)家。他強(qiáng)調(diào)了仁愛(ài)、責(zé)任和社會(huì)秩序的重要性。中國(guó)社會(huì)受這些思想影響達(dá)2 000多年。助讀講解where states were often at war with each other為where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞a place。when there were many great philosophers為when引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，when在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。Mencius was a thinker whose teachings (學(xué)說(shuō)) were very similar to those of Confucius.Mencius was born in 372 BC.His father died when he was young，and he was brought up by his mother.He became a student of Confuciuss ideas，and was then given an important position in the government of a state.However，when he saw that the ruler was not following his advice，he resigned.For many years he travelled from state to state，teaching the principles of Confucius.He then became an adviser to another ruler.He spent his last years preparing a book of his teachings called The Book of Mencius.Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good.He taught that if the government was kind，then people would be good. He believed that people were more important than rulers，and hated the state when it treated people badly.孟子是一位思想家，他的理論和孔子的理論很相似。孟子生于公元前372年，父親在他年幼時(shí)去世，他母親把他撫養(yǎng)成人。他追隨孔子學(xué)說(shuō)，后來(lái)在一個(gè)諸侯國(guó)的政府內(nèi)身居要職。但是，當(dāng)他發(fā)現(xiàn)統(tǒng)治者不采納他的建議時(shí)，他就辭去了官職。多年來(lái)，他周游列國(guó)，傳授孔子的思想。后來(lái)成為另一位統(tǒng)治者的謀士。他晚年寫(xiě)了一本介紹他思想的書(shū)，名為孟子。孟子認(rèn)為，人之所以不同于動(dòng)物，是因?yàn)槿诵员旧啤Ｋ嬲]人們，假若政府仁慈，人民就會(huì)有善行。他認(rèn)為民貴君輕，憎恨對(duì)人民殘暴的諸侯國(guó)。助讀講解whose teachings .為whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，whose在從句中作定語(yǔ)；those為替代詞，代替前面的teachings。when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，其中包含一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。called The Book of Mencius是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾a book。本句為主從復(fù)合句。that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，其中包含if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。本句中believed后為that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，hated與believed是并列謂語(yǔ)，when引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。Mozi was another teacher who was very influential (有影響的)Born in 476 BC，he came from a family which was very poor.He became famous for his unusual clothes and behaviour.Mozi founded the philosophy (哲學(xué)) called Mohism.In some ways，his beliefs were similar to those of Confucius.For example，he considered that government was most important.As a result，he spent many years trying to find a state where people would follow his teachings.Mozi believed that all men were equal.His idea of love was different from the Confucian idea of kindness.Mozi taught that we should love all human beings and look after those who are weaker than ourselves.He hated the idea of war.Mozi died in 390 BC.墨子是又一位極具影響力的先哲。他生于公元前476年，來(lái)自一個(gè)非常貧窮的家庭。他因不修邊幅、行為怪異而出名。墨子創(chuàng)立了墨家學(xué)說(shuō)。在某些方面，他的學(xué)說(shuō)和孔子學(xué)說(shuō)很相似。比如說(shuō)，他認(rèn)為政府很重要。結(jié)果，他花費(fèi)了很多年精力想找到一個(gè)人們?cè)敢庾駨乃枷氲膰?guó)家。墨子認(rèn)為，人生來(lái)平等。他的仁愛(ài)思想與孔子不同。墨子告誡人們要博愛(ài)，要幫助弱者，他憎恨戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。墨子死于公元前390年。助讀講解本句中Born in 476 BC為形容詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，which was very poor是which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞a family。本句中that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，should love和(should) look after為并列的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，who引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾those。第一步速讀了解文章主題和段落大意速讀P43教材課文，選擇最佳答案Whats the main idea of the passage?ATeachings of ancient Chinese thinkers.BThree great philosophers of ancient China.CInteresting stories about the three philosophers.DThe history of ancient Chinese philosophy.【答案】B第二步細(xì)讀把控文章關(guān)鍵信息細(xì)讀P43教材課文，選擇最佳答案1What is the main idea of Confucius according to the passage?AKindness，duty and order in society are very important.BGovernments are more important than its people.CAll men are created equal.DAll men are born good.2What was the possible relationship between Confucius and Mencius?ATeacher and student.BMencius was the follower of Confuciuss ideas.CThey all worked for the same state.DNothing related at all.3In which way was Mozis idea the same as that of Confucius?AMen should be kind.BMen were born equal.CGovernment should be more emphasized than its people.DPeople were more important than the government.4In Menciuss opinion，which was the most important，the government，the ruler or the people?AThe government.BThe ruler.CThe people. DNot mentioned.5What is the similarity of the three philosophers in ancient China according to the text?AThey were all born poor.BThey all wrote their own books.CThey all travelled from state to state.DTheir philosophies all