高考英語語法易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)歸納

高考英語語法易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)歸納溪幕|_蠢高考英語語法易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)歸納一,定語從旬中的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞有that,which,who(賓格whom,所有格whose)和關(guān)系副詞wherewhen,why等,關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)成分,關(guān)系代詞that,which,who,whom等在從句中分別作主語或賓語,wh0se在從句中作定語,而關(guān)系副詞when,where,whv等在從句中作狀語.例如:1willneverforgetthedayswhen/inwhichweworkedtogether.1willneverforgetthedayswhich/thatwespenttogether.解析:在句中,表示時(shí)間的名詞thedays在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)氖菭钫Z,所以用關(guān)系副詞when來代指,引導(dǎo)定語從句,修飾先行詞thedays;而在句中,表示時(shí)間的名詞thedays在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)氖莿?dòng)詞spent的賓語,所以用關(guān)系代詞that或which來代指.同樣,表示地點(diǎn)或原因的名詞如果在從句中作狀語,則用關(guān)系副詞where或why來代指:如果在從句中作動(dòng)詞的賓語,則用which或that來代替.例如:()Thisisthefactorywhere/inwhich1worked.(作狀語)(Fhisisthefactorythat/whichIvisitedyearsago.(作賓語)注:當(dāng)先行詞為time,reason,place時(shí),引導(dǎo)詞可以省略.如:Bythetime(when)hewasfourteenyearsoldEinsteinhadlearntadvancedmathematicsallbyhimself.()Thatisthereason(why)Ididit.()Thisistheplace(where)wemetyesterday.另外,定語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與先行詞的數(shù)相一致.例如:MrJacksonistheonlyforeignerthatispresentattheparty.Heisoneofthestudentswhowerepraisedbytheteacher.解析:在句中,先行詞foreigner被only修飾,強(qiáng)調(diào)只有一個(gè),所以從句中謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;而在句中,who引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾先行詞thestudents,為復(fù)數(shù),所以從句謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù).感悟:學(xué)生之所以在這一點(diǎn)上經(jīng)常出錯(cuò).主要是對定語從旬的理解不夠深刻.分辨不出主句和從旬,對句子成分的把握也不到位,搞不清關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞在從句中充當(dāng)何種句子成分.所以要做好這一類題,首先要弄清關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的用法,而且應(yīng)善于分辨和分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)及其相應(yīng)成分,這樣才能對癥下藥.二,名詞性從句中的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)(一)that引導(dǎo)的定語從句與同位語從句定語從句與前面的名詞是修飾與被修飾的關(guān)系.而同位語從句是用來說明前面名詞的內(nèi)容的.與that從句同位的名詞必須是一些表示事實(shí)或概念的抽象名詞,如fact,news,belief.truth,reply等.that在定語從句中必須作成分,可用which或who/whom代替.而that在同位語從句中不充當(dāng)任何句子成分,只起連接作用.例如:()AlongwiththeletterwashispromisethathewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.友喻勝君湖北漢川市第一高級中學(xué)高三.7班431600點(diǎn)擊語法v0tt0一一IlII0l0l_.中學(xué)英語之友.高三版Doyoustillrememberthechickenfarmthatwevisitedthreemonthsago?解析:在句中,that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句解釋說明promise的內(nèi)容,that不充當(dāng)任何句子成分,只起連接作用;而在句中,that在其引導(dǎo)的定語從句中作動(dòng)詞visited的賓語,對先行詞thechickenfarm起修飾作用.感悟:學(xué)生之所以在這一點(diǎn)上容易出錯(cuò).主要還是因?yàn)閷ΧㄕZ從句的理解不夠深刻,分辨不出that在從句中是否充當(dāng)了句子成分,因此,還需在句子分析上下功夫,并且搞清何謂同位語從句(二)名詞性從句中關(guān)于it作形式主語和形式賓語的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)1)名詞性從句作主語或賓語時(shí),為保持句子平衡,常用it作形式主語或形式賓語.例如:Itsapitythathenotcometogiveaspeech.(形式主語)wethinkitpossiblethatyoucanfinishthejobtoday.(形式賓語)2)謂語動(dòng)詞appreciate,dislike,hate,like,love,make等接由if或when引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時(shí)往往在從句前加上形式賓語it.例如:1wouldappreciateitifyoucouldcometomybirthdayparty.3)動(dòng)詞take,hide,punish,put等,后接由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時(shí),往往在從句前加形式賓語it.例如:ItakeitthatyouwillbeleavingShanghaisoon.Shehiditthatshewasmarried.4)短語動(dòng)詞answerfor,counton,dependon,insiston,seeto等后接有that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時(shí).必須冠以形式賓語it.例如:Imcountingonitthatyouwillcome.She11seetoitthathegoesahead.注:作形式主語和形式賓語時(shí)只能用it.三,代詞it,one,that的用法與區(qū)別one泛指,指代前面提到的那類人或物,用于指代可數(shù)名詞,相當(dāng)于a+名詞單數(shù),其復(fù)數(shù)形式ones前一般要有定語.否則就要用some.that(復(fù)數(shù)形式those)即可指代不可數(shù)名詞,表特指,相當(dāng)于the+名詞,后面經(jīng)常與介詞修飾語連用it指代上文出現(xiàn)的名詞,表示同類同物,另外還可表示時(shí)間,距離,天氣,還可指代人稱代詞,表示性別身份不明,可作形式主語,形式賓語,引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句式以及一些固定搭配,如:getit,catchit.makeit.例如:Ihavelostmywatch.IthinkImustbuyone.(代指上文所指的同類事物,但不指同一個(gè))Whereismypen?Haveyouseenit?(代指上文提到的同一事物)ThelandofChinaislargerthanthatofAmerica.mhasaredpenandablueone.(或twoblueones)Hehasnochild,andhewantstoadoptone.(或some)四,虛擬語氣f一1虛擬語氣在if引導(dǎo)的條件句中的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn).例如:IfmylawyerhadbeenherelastSaturday,hewouldhavepreventedmefromgoing.蝌氅蹙粵案紫一一冀瓣篙冀紫.譬璺蘭簍;MissRamonaSeegerEgerlaenderstr.21,72622Nuertingen,Germany魏jlIfyouhadstudiedhardatschool,youwouldbeacollegestudentnow.解析:句子都是虛擬語氣在條件句中的使用,從句中都是假設(shè)過去的情況,所以用過去完成時(shí),但在主句中,句依然指代過去的情況,謂語動(dòng)詞是wouldhavedone;而句中含有一個(gè)表示現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間狀語nOW,這樣就必須將其理解為假設(shè)現(xiàn)在的情況.所以謂語動(dòng)詞必須為would/should/might+動(dòng)詞原形,學(xué)生在這一點(diǎn)上經(jīng)常會(huì)忽略now的存在,從而按句的形式填寫答案f二1虛擬語氣在名詞性從句中的用法1.在Itisimportant(strange,natural,necessary)+that句子或者Itisdecided(ordered,suggested,demanded,advised)+that句子中,主語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞常用(should+)動(dòng)詞原形結(jié)構(gòu),表示某事重要,必要,被決定等.例如:Itisimportantthateveryone(should)obeytherulesalldayandallnight.Itisdecidedthatthemeeting(should)beheldtomorrowafternoon.2.suggest.insist后面接賓語從句時(shí)需注意的地方1)suggest當(dāng)建議,提出講時(shí),其后賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞常用should+動(dòng)詞原形.例如:Hesuggestedthatthework(should)bestartedatonce.類似的動(dòng)詞還有:insist堅(jiān)持,demand要求,desire要求,請求,request請求,require要求,需要,order命令,propose建議,command命令,ask要求,advise建議,prefer寧愿等.這些動(dòng)詞用于如:Itissuggested+that主語從句結(jié)構(gòu)中.主語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞仍用(should+)動(dòng)詞原形;這些動(dòng)詞變名詞(如suggestion),其后的表語從句和同位語從句中的謂語部分仍用(should+)動(dòng)詞原形.suggest當(dāng)提出(某看法),暗示,啟發(fā)講時(shí),其后賓語從句的動(dòng)詞不用虛擬語氣.例如:Thepolicesuggestedthatthethiefmightbeoneofthefamilymembers.Heryawnssuggeststhatsheissleepy.Althoughhedidntsuggesttlatwethedecisiontoswimacrosstheriver,buthislooksuggestedthatourdecisionwrong.A.stop;wasB.shouldstop;beC.stopped;wasD.stopped;shouldbe解析:在這個(gè)句子中,前一個(gè)suggest當(dāng)建議提出講,而后一個(gè)作表明講,所以答案為A.2)insist作堅(jiān)決要求該;堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為定要講時(shí),其后賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用(should+)動(dòng)詞原形.例如:Iinsistedthatyou(should)bethereontime.insist作堅(jiān)持(意見,看法);堅(jiān)持說,確信講時(shí),其后從句不用虛擬語氣.例如:Heinsisted(that)heheardsomeoneinthenextroom.五,反意疑問句中的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)(一)在一般疑問句中,無論肯定的疑問句還是否定的疑問句,如果回答為肯定則用yes,反之則用no,特別注意如果出現(xiàn)省略則看下文所暗示的意義一Areyouanewcomer?Yes.Icamehereonlyyesterday.一IsntTomagoodstudent?震姚麗著江蘇省元錫市憊山區(qū)洛社級中學(xué)高二.S班2i4i87點(diǎn)擊語法弋jsbe【t.t0diewhe玎事isdi嘻.e.一Yes.Heisexcellent.一Dontyouthinkthecompositiongood?No.Itcantbeanywor$e.中學(xué)英語之友.高三版注意:在句中,當(dāng)回答的意思與問句相一致時(shí),則用No,譯為是的,當(dāng)回答的意思與問句相反時(shí),則用Yes,譯為不.f-)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must當(dāng)句子中有表示猜測的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),其反意疑問句的構(gòu)成不能再用原句中的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,而應(yīng)根據(jù)原句在去掉情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的情況下的主謂關(guān)系來確定其反問形式.例如:Imustleavenow,mustntI?Hemustbeintheclassroon,isnthe?(表推測)Hemusthavefinishedhishomework,hasn,the?(表現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果)Hemusthavefinishedhishomeworkyesterdayafternoon,didnthe?(表過去)六,非謂語動(dòng)詞中的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)非謂語與其邏輯主語(即動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或承受者)之間有三種關(guān)系,如為主謂關(guān)系,則用現(xiàn)在分詞或不定式的主動(dòng)式;如為被動(dòng)關(guān)系則用過去分詞,現(xiàn)在分詞(強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行)或不定式的被動(dòng)式(動(dòng)作將進(jìn)行);如既無主動(dòng)也無被動(dòng)關(guān)系則只能用狀語從句或獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)(即非謂語加上自己的邏輯主語).judging/consideringgenerallyspeakinsupposing等指說話者的動(dòng)作,故只能用主動(dòng)式.例如:Havingbeenillinbedforneadyamonth,hehadahardtimepassingtheexam.解析:從這個(gè)句子可以看出,分詞的邏輯主語與句子的主語he一致.并且是主謂關(guān)系,所以用了現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語,同時(shí),分詞的動(dòng)作明顯地發(fā)生在句子謂語動(dòng)作之前.故采用了現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式.InordertoimproveEnglish,.A.JennySfatherboughtheralotoftapesB.JennyboughtalotoftapesforherselfC.alotoftapeswereboughtbyJennyD.alotoftapeswereboughtbyJennySfather解析:根據(jù)不定式短語我們可以推知,句子的邏輯主語應(yīng)該是人而不是物.所以.應(yīng)該排除C,D兩項(xiàng),再就是應(yīng)該是Jenny提高自己的英語,而不是她爸爸,故答案選B.,wedecidedtogooutforawalk.A.ItisfineB.ItfineC.BeingfineD.Itbeingfine解析:主句主語we與動(dòng)詞短語befine之間既無主動(dòng)關(guān)系也無被動(dòng)關(guān)系.所以要加上自己的邏輯主語it