（講練測(cè)）高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) 模塊5.3 Science and nature（講）（含解析）牛津譯林版.doc

unit 3 science and nature一、重點(diǎn)詞匯熟記下列單詞clone vt. 克隆 n. 克隆出來(lái)的動(dòng)物或植物profit n. 利潤(rùn)，收益 vt. & vi. 獲益；對(duì)有用harvest vt. & vi. 收割（莊稼）n. 收獲；收成transform vt. 使改觀；使變形conduct vt. 實(shí)施；指揮樂(lè)隊(duì)modify vt. 調(diào)整，修改；修飾insert vt. 插入，嵌入 confirm vt. & vi. 證實(shí)，證明；確認(rèn)；使確信real-life adj. 真實(shí)的，現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的cell n. 細(xì)胞；小隔間；電池saleswoman n. 女售貨員，女推銷員legal adj. 法律許可的，合法的physician n. 醫(yī)師，內(nèi)科醫(yī)生goat n. 山羊pest n. 害蟲concept n. 概念；觀念crime n. 罪，罪行fellown. 家伙；同事，同伴；男子profession n. 職業(yè)，行業(yè)radiation n. 輻射，放射線breakthrough n. 突破public relation n. 公共關(guān)系majority n. 多數(shù)，大多數(shù)summary n. 總結(jié)；概括，概要nutrition n. 營(yíng)養(yǎng)ordinary adj. 普通的，一般的channel n. 頻道；渠道；航道chainn. 一系列；一連串（人或事）catastrophe n. 災(zāi)難，災(zāi)禍acre n. 英畝rainforest n.雨林income n. 收入，收益genetically modified 轉(zhuǎn)基因的詞性(詞形)變化anxiety n. 憂慮，焦慮，不安anxious adj. 焦慮的，渴望的anxiouslyadv. 焦慮地original adj. 原來(lái)的，起初的；首創(chuàng)的；非復(fù)制的origin n起源；出身，來(lái)歷judgment n.判斷力；看法，評(píng)價(jià)；(法律)判決judgev判斷consideration n.仔細(xì)考慮；必須考慮的因素；體諒，顧及considerv.考慮，認(rèn)為considering prep.鑒于，考慮到tasty adj.美味的，可口的tastev. 品嘗 短語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)漢語(yǔ)意義英語(yǔ)漢語(yǔ)意義on the way to doing sth.即將做某事be anxious to do sth.急于做某事push ahead with義無(wú)反顧地進(jìn)行，努力推進(jìn)with the intention of帶著目的for sale供出售，待銷售comment on對(duì)作出評(píng)論take . into consideration認(rèn)真考慮on a personal note就我個(gè)人而言in favour of贊同，支持conduct a survey進(jìn)行一次調(diào)查point of view觀點(diǎn)be limited to局限于toy with戲弄，擺弄；把當(dāng)作兒戲be opened up to打開之門be/get burnt out耗盡體力，累垮as to至于，關(guān)于follow in ones footsteps效仿某人meet ones needs滿足某人的需求show respect for對(duì)表示敬意be/get burnt out耗盡體力concentrate on 集中精力于；全神貫注于in agreement with同意；與一致be aware of 意識(shí)到；覺(jué)察到turn out結(jié)果/證明/原來(lái)是figure out計(jì)算出；想出；理解，明白；解決in summary總之；總的來(lái)說(shuō)含重點(diǎn)詞匯的教材原句(劃線部分)1.【教材原句】although he researches cloning, his intention has never been to create copies of humans. (p42)盡管伊恩威爾莫特研究克隆，但他的目的根本不是要制造人類的復(fù)制品。however, some people believe that cloning human embryos with the intention of destroying them shows no respect for human life.(p42)但是，有些人認(rèn)為懷著摧毀人類胚胎的意圖來(lái)克隆人類胚胎是對(duì)人類生命的不尊重。2.【教材原句】even though human cloning is causing a lot of anxiety, it is good news for faye wilson.（p42）盡管人類的克隆正帶來(lái)很多的憂慮，對(duì)faye wilson來(lái)說(shuō)，這是個(gè)好消息。3.【教材原句】i am anxious to have a child of my own， she says. i dont want to adopt someone elses child if i had the chance, i would have a cloned baby right now. (p42)“我現(xiàn)在渴望有個(gè)自己的孩子，”她說(shuō)，“我不想領(lǐng)養(yǎng)別人的孩子如果我有這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，我會(huì)立即要一個(gè)克隆嬰兒?！?.【教材原句】if we toy with nature, we will have to deal with the consequences. (p43)如果我們玩弄自然，我們將不得不應(yīng)付各種后果。5.【教材原句】i think we should be cautious and use good judgment when making decisions about cloning.(p49)我認(rèn)為我們?cè)趯?duì)克隆作出決定時(shí)應(yīng)該謹(jǐn)慎行事，作出好的判斷。6.【教材原句】i am sure that if you conducted a survey among uk citizens, it would show that the majority of people would not support this type of scientific research. (p56) 我確信如果你在英國(guó)公民中進(jìn)行一項(xiàng)調(diào)查，結(jié)果會(huì)表明大多數(shù)人不會(huì)支持這種科學(xué)研究。7.【教材原句】therefore, we cannot confirm that food from cloned animals is really safe for humans to eat. (p57)因此，我們不能證明人類食用來(lái)自克隆動(dòng)物的食物是安全的。8.【教材原句】while many people are excited about these new technologies, these same technologies frighten others. (p59)盡管許多人對(duì)這些新技術(shù)感到興奮，而其他人則對(duì)這些同樣的技術(shù)感到害怕。9.【教材原句】research has been limited to increasing production profits, rather than making sure that gm foods are safe.(p59)目前的研究?jī)H局限于增加生產(chǎn)利潤(rùn)，而不是確保轉(zhuǎn)基因食品的安全。10.【教材原句】since no one really knows whether gm food is safe, many countries have hesitated to give permission for the production of gm foods.(p59)因?yàn)闊o(wú)人真正知道轉(zhuǎn)基因食品是否安全，許多國(guó)家遲遲不許生產(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)基因食物。11.【教材原句】some scientists are alreadypushing ahead with research in order to produce a cloned human baby.(p42)一些科學(xué)家正在加緊研究，以制造出克隆的人類嬰兒。12.【教材原句】however, some people believe that cloning human embryos with the intention of destroying them shows no respect for human life.(p42)但是，有些人認(rèn)為懷著摧毀人類胚胎的意圖來(lái)克隆人類胚胎是對(duì)人類生命的不尊重。13.【教材原句】human life would just become a crop to be harvested or a product for sale. （p43）人類生命將只不過(guò)是待收割的莊稼或待售的產(chǎn)品而已。14.【教材原句】in summary, i insist that you take the opinions of the people of the uk into consideration, and end this practice immediately. (p56)總之，我堅(jiān)持要求你把英國(guó)人民的意見考慮在內(nèi)，立即終止這項(xiàng)實(shí)踐。15.【教材原句】would anyone say that development should be stopped in favour ofnature? (p58)有人說(shuō)為了保護(hù)自然就應(yīng)該停止經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展嗎？16.【教材原句】from the point of viewof some people, we are only doing what humans have always done, using nature to meet our own needs. (p58)根據(jù)有些人的觀點(diǎn)，我們中是在做人類一直在做的事情利用自然滿足我們自己的需求。二、經(jīng)典句型考點(diǎn)-2. as well as【教材原句】in china, scientists have focused their efforts on cloning animals, as well as cloned tissues to be used in medical treatment. (p42)在中國(guó)，科學(xué)家們除了致力于用于醫(yī)療方面的器官的克隆還致力于動(dòng)物的克隆?？键c(diǎn)-4.否定詞與形容詞或副詞比較級(jí)連用【教材原句】nowhere is this truer than with genetically modified food. (p59)轉(zhuǎn)基因食品就是最好的例子。三、語(yǔ)法自主復(fù)習(xí)復(fù)習(xí)本單元的grammar and usage：過(guò)去分詞。一、概述過(guò)去分詞是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式的一種，它既有動(dòng)詞的特征，又有形容詞和副詞的特征，其基本形式是v.ed，可以有賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)，即過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)。及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞形式表示被動(dòng)或既表被動(dòng)又表完成，不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞形式只表示完成。過(guò)去分詞在句中可作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。二、過(guò)去分詞的句法功能2.過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞在句中作表語(yǔ)多表示主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)或是主語(yǔ)的心理，這時(shí)過(guò)去分詞有些已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)化成了形容詞。the door remained locked.門仍然鎖著。everyone got excited at the news.聽到這個(gè)消息每個(gè)人都感到興奮。dont touch the glass because it is broken.不要碰那個(gè)杯子因?yàn)樗瞧频摹?4.過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞在句子中作狀語(yǔ)，可以表示時(shí)間、條件、原因、結(jié)果、讓步、伴隨等。分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，它是邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)一致。作狀語(yǔ)的分詞相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句。(1)表時(shí)間，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，有時(shí)過(guò)去分詞前可加連詞when或while來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間概念。seen from the moon, the earth looks green.從月亮上看時(shí)，地球是綠色。(2)表原因，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。satisfied with what he did，the teacher praised him in class.由于老師對(duì)他所做的事情很滿意，于是在班上表?yè)P(yáng)了他。(3)表?xiàng)l件，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。compared with you, i still have a long way to go.跟你比較起來(lái)，我還差得很遠(yuǎn)呢。(4)表讓步，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)though/although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。laughed at by many people, he continued his study.盡管被許多人嘲笑，他還是繼續(xù)他的研究。(5)表方式或伴隨情況。the old man went into the room, supported by his wife.那個(gè)老人在他妻子的攙扶下走進(jìn)了房間。(6)表結(jié)果the cup fell down to the ground, broken.茶杯掉到了地上，破了。三、由分詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái)的形容詞分詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái)的形容詞包括現(xiàn)在分詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái)的形容詞和過(guò)去分詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái)的形容詞，即v.ing形容詞和v.ed形容詞。四、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作各種成分的區(qū)別(一)非謂語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別 (二)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別理解下表中所列的關(guān)系分類形式與被修飾詞的邏輯關(guān)系與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的時(shí)間關(guān)系不定式to do動(dòng)賓關(guān)系在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作后發(fā)生“the last/next/first.” 后常接不定式作定語(yǔ)，表示主謂關(guān)系在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作前或者后發(fā)生to be done被動(dòng)關(guān)系在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作后發(fā)生現(xiàn)在分詞doing主動(dòng)關(guān)系與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行being done被動(dòng)關(guān)系與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行過(guò)去分詞done被動(dòng)關(guān)系在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)